Daniel Akaka

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I wish to congratulate an outstanding educator from my State, Melanie Ah Soon from Sacred Hearts Academy, for receiving the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching. This award, administered by the National Science Foundation on behalf of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, is the highest recognition that a mathematics or science teacher may receive. Since the program's inception in 1983, more than 4,000 educators nationwide have been recognized for their contributions to mathematics and science education. As a former educator and principal, I know firsthand about the countless hours that go into creating curricula, and it makes me proud to see outstanding teachers receive recognition for their hard work. The dedication of Melanie to her field and to the children of Hawaii is undeniable. I applaud her for receiving this outstanding recognition, and I wish her the very best in her future endeavors.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I am introducing the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Pilots Equitable Treatment Act to ensure fair treatment of commercial airline pilot retirees. Joining me in this effort are Senators Harkin and Durbin, as well as Representative George Miller, who is introducing the companion bill in the House of Representatives today. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, PBGC, is the Federal agency that assumes responsibility for pension plans that are terminated because they do not have enough money to pay all benefits. PBGC's insurance program pays monthly benefits to the retirees that the pension plan provided, up to the limits set by law. PBGC requires individuals to retire at age 65 to receive the maximum retirement benefit. For years, this law was in conflict with the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, requirement that pilots retire by age 60. For commercial airline pilots caught between these conflicting policies, their retirement benefits were significantly reduced. Congress partially addressed this issue with the passage of the Fair Treatment of Experienced Pilots Act, which was signed into law on December 13, 2007. The Act increased the FAA mandatory retirement age for pilots to age 65. However, the change did nothing to help those pilots who had already retired. As such, pilots who retired while the FAA age 60 rule was in effect are still denied the maximum pension benefit administered by the PBGC and are unable to rejoin the workforce as pilots. The conflicting FAA and PBGC requirements have had a substantial adverse effect on thousands of retired pilots. In general, these pilots have had their maximum retirement benefit reduced by one-third. For example, the maximum benefit from the PBGC for someone that retired at age 65 in 2006 is $47,659 a year. For those who retired at age 60 of that same year, the maximum is $30,978. Our legislation ends this unfair penalty. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Pilots Equitable Treatment Act would direct the PBGC to calculate pension benefits based on retirement eligibility beginning at age 60 instead of age 65 for retired pilots whose pensions are affected by the discrepancy between the FAA and PBGC retirement requirements. We must pass this bill to provide some relief for pilots from Aloha Airlines, Delta, TWA, United Airlines, and US Airways, as well as other pilots who have had their pensions terminated and taken over by the PBGC and suffer from this wrongly imposed penalty. I urge my colleagues to support this bill so that we can finally correct this wrong. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I am introducing the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Pilots Equitable Treatment Act to ensure fair treatment of commercial airline pilot retirees. Joining me in this effort are Senators Harkin and Durbin, as well as Representative George Miller, who is introducing the companion bill in the House of Representatives today. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, PBGC, is the Federal agency that assumes responsibility for pension plans that are terminated because they do not have enough money to pay all benefits. PBGC's insurance program pays monthly benefits to the retirees that the pension plan provided, up to the limits set by law. PBGC requires individuals to retire at age 65 to receive the maximum retirement benefit. For years, this law was in conflict with the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, requirement that pilots retire by age 60. For commercial airline pilots caught between these conflicting policies, their retirement benefits were significantly reduced. Congress partially addressed this issue with the passage of the Fair Treatment of Experienced Pilots Act, which was signed into law on December 13, 2007. The Act increased the FAA mandatory retirement age for pilots to age 65. However, the change did nothing to help those pilots who had already retired. As such, pilots who retired while the FAA age 60 rule was in effect are still denied the maximum pension benefit administered by the PBGC and are unable to rejoin the workforce as pilots. The conflicting FAA and PBGC requirements have had a substantial adverse effect on thousands of retired pilots. In general, these pilots have had their maximum retirement benefit reduced by one-third. For example, the maximum benefit from the PBGC for someone that retired at age 65 in 2006 is $47,659 a year. For those who retired at age 60 of that same year, the maximum is $30,978. Our legislation ends this unfair penalty. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Pilots Equitable Treatment Act would direct the PBGC to calculate pension benefits based on retirement eligibility beginning at age 60 instead of age 65 for retired pilots whose pensions are affected by the discrepancy between the FAA and PBGC retirement requirements. We must pass this bill to provide some relief for pilots from Aloha Airlines, Delta, TWA, United Airlines, and US Airways, as well as other pilots who have had their pensions terminated and taken over by the PBGC and suffer from this wrongly imposed penalty. I urge my colleagues to support this bill so that we can finally correct this wrong. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I would like to take a moment today to recognize the long and distinguished career of Mr. Thomas J. Pamperin of the Department of Veterans Affairs, VA. After nearly four decades of public service, beginning with the U.S. Army and now as the VA's Deputy Under Secretary for Disability Assistance, Tom is retiring. From his days as a VA claims examiner in Milwaukee to his present leadership position, he has ably served our Nation's veterans. Tom has earned an excellent reputation with Members of Congress and their staff, especially with that of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, of which I was proud to serve as chairman during the 109th and 110th Congresses. He also receives high praise from leaders of veterans service organizations, the Department of Defense, the Social Security Administration, and the Department of Justice. He has represented the VA with distinction before the Congress, other Federal agencies, and foreign delegations. During my chairmanship of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, Tom was the ``go to person'' for matters of critical importance to veterans, especially those seeking compensation for their war wounds. When time was of the essence, he cut through the red tape and personally saw to it that the veteran got the benefits that were due. More broadly, he has led efforts to improve the delivery of benefits to all veterans, including initiatives to ease the burden of proof for those suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, to enable veterans to begin the claims process before discharge from military service, to better coordinate the delivery of military and VA benefits, and to automate claims for higher education benefits under the new G.I. bill. In particular, I thank Tom for the work he did in improving VA's evaluation of and ratings for veterans with traumatic brain injuries, TBI. Soon after becoming chairman of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, I asked former VA Under Secretary for Benefits, Daniel L. Cooper, about limitations on TBI ratings to 10 percent ``and no more.'' Tom played a significant role in VA's response: He developed temporary guidance so that VA could promptly address cases where the limitation should not be applied and developed final regulations to ensure more appropriate ratings in subsequent claims. Tom's actions had an immediate and sustained impact on the lives of veterans who were injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Nearly 40 years of service to the Nation demonstrates a commitment to public service matched by few. Tom has worked tirelessly to ensure that veterans receive the benefits that they deserve, a goal that has become ever more challenging with increases in the number of servicemembers returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan who have serious injuries, the demand for G.I. bill benefits, and the number of compensable illnesses. Over the course of his career, Tom has devoted himself to delivering on the Nation's promise to care for the veteran and his widow. I applaud his dedication, hard work, and countless achievements, and I ask my colleagues to join me in thanking him for his many years of service to the country and to the many veterans whose lives he has improved in such crucial ways. His record is an example of public service at its best, and I deeply appreciate his long commitment to those who have worn the nation's uniform. I wish him all the best in his future endeavors and know that all of us who have counted on him over the years will miss him.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I would like to announce that the Committee on Indian Affairs will meet on Thursday, May 5, 2011, at 2:15 p.m. in room 628 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building to conduct an oversight hearing on ``Stolen Identities: The Impact of Racist Stereotypes on Indigenous People.'' Those wishing additional information may contact the Indian Affairs Committee. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today to reintroduce the Federal Supervisor Training Act. Properly trained supervisors are critical to the federal government's ability to efficiently and effectively provide essential services to the American people. First-level supervisors have close contact and frequent interaction with our Federal employees and thus have the most significant impact on employee performance. Investing in first-level supervision could yield enormous positive returns. Research has shown that supervisory skills strongly predict agency performance and that improving the quality of first-level supervision is one of the most effective ways to improve an agency's performance. According to a 2010 Merit Systems Protection Board report entitled ``A Call to Action: Improving First-Level Supervision of Federal Employees,'' the fastest and most direct way to strengthen Federal workforce performance is to improve the supervision employees receive. For managers and supervisors in the Federal Government, few things are more important than training. Supervisor training programs improve communication, promote stronger manager-employee relationships, reduce conflict, and cultivate efficiency. Conversely, poor supervision can damage agency performance and employee morale, which undermines agency performance and wastes money. The National Academy of Public Administration reported that while it is difficult to quantify the precise cost of supervisory deficiencies, even a small deficiency could result in a loss of billions of dollars, and that without solid programs for developing first level supervisors, agencies pay an enormous price. Simply stated, investing in supervisory training in the Federal Government now will save us money later. The need for effective supervisor training is becoming even more pressing given the large number of Federal employees who are expected to retire in the next few years. The Office of Personnel Management estimates that by the year 2014, approximately 53 percent of permanent full-time Federal employees will be eligible to retire, and the majority of those eligible will retire. Because supervisors tend to be older and have more years of service than non-supervisors, supervisors are likely to retire at faster rates than non-supervisors. In light of the expected retirement wave, training a new generation of federal supervisors is a matter of national urgency. The Federal Supervisor Training Act will require that new supervisors receive training on specified topics, including whistleblower and anti- discrimination rights, during their initial 12 months on the job, unless the Office of Personnel Management grants an extension to their employing agency. Supervisors will be required to update their training once every three years. Current supervisors will have three years to obtain their initial training. This bill will also require agencies to implement a program whereby experienced supervisors mentor new supervisors. In addition, the Federal Supervisor Training Act will require the Office of Personnel Management to issue guidance to agencies on competencies supervisors are expected to meet in order to effectively supervise employees. Based on this guidance, or any additional competencies established by employing agencies, each agency will be required to assess the performance of its supervisors. This bill builds upon supervisor training requirements under the Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2004, which directs agencies to establish training programs that develop supervisors, and to establish programs to provide additional training to supervisors in three areas-- dealing with poor performers, mentoring employees and improving their performance, and conducting performance appraisals. I am delighted that this bill has received support from the Government Managers Coalition, which represents members of the Senior Executives Association, the Federal Managers Association, the Professional Managers Association, the Federal Aviation Administration Managers Association, and the National Council of Social Security Management Associations. Additionally, it is supported by some of the largest federal sector labor organizations, including the American Federation of Government Employees, the National Treasury Employees Union, the National Federation of Federal Employees, and the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers. Finally, this bill is supported by the Partnership for Public Service, a non-profit, non-partisan organization which works to find ways to improve the government's ability to provide services to citizens. I believe the broad support from management associations, labor organizations, and outside good government groups demonstrates the need for this bill. I urge my colleagues to support this important legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today to reintroduce the Federal Supervisor Training Act. Properly trained supervisors are critical to the federal government's ability to efficiently and effectively provide essential services to the American people. First-level supervisors have close contact and frequent interaction with our Federal employees and thus have the most significant impact on employee performance. Investing in first-level supervision could yield enormous positive returns. Research has shown that supervisory skills strongly predict agency performance and that improving the quality of first-level supervision is one of the most effective ways to improve an agency's performance. According to a 2010 Merit Systems Protection Board report entitled ``A Call to Action: Improving First-Level Supervision of Federal Employees,'' the fastest and most direct way to strengthen Federal workforce performance is to improve the supervision employees receive. For managers and supervisors in the Federal Government, few things are more important than training. Supervisor training programs improve communication, promote stronger manager-employee relationships, reduce conflict, and cultivate efficiency. Conversely, poor supervision can damage agency performance and employee morale, which undermines agency performance and wastes money. The National Academy of Public Administration reported that while it is difficult to quantify the precise cost of supervisory deficiencies, even a small deficiency could result in a loss of billions of dollars, and that without solid programs for developing first level supervisors, agencies pay an enormous price. Simply stated, investing in supervisory training in the Federal Government now will save us money later. The need for effective supervisor training is becoming even more pressing given the large number of Federal employees who are expected to retire in the next few years. The Office of Personnel Management estimates that by the year 2014, approximately 53 percent of permanent full-time Federal employees will be eligible to retire, and the majority of those eligible will retire. Because supervisors tend to be older and have more years of service than non-supervisors, supervisors are likely to retire at faster rates than non-supervisors. In light of the expected retirement wave, training a new generation of federal supervisors is a matter of national urgency. The Federal Supervisor Training Act will require that new supervisors receive training on specified topics, including whistleblower and anti- discrimination rights, during their initial 12 months on the job, unless the Office of Personnel Management grants an extension to their employing agency. Supervisors will be required to update their training once every three years. Current supervisors will have three years to obtain their initial training. This bill will also require agencies to implement a program whereby experienced supervisors mentor new supervisors. In addition, the Federal Supervisor Training Act will require the Office of Personnel Management to issue guidance to agencies on competencies supervisors are expected to meet in order to effectively supervise employees. Based on this guidance, or any additional competencies established by employing agencies, each agency will be required to assess the performance of its supervisors. This bill builds upon supervisor training requirements under the Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2004, which directs agencies to establish training programs that develop supervisors, and to establish programs to provide additional training to supervisors in three areas-- dealing with poor performers, mentoring employees and improving their performance, and conducting performance appraisals. I am delighted that this bill has received support from the Government Managers Coalition, which represents members of the Senior Executives Association, the Federal Managers Association, the Professional Managers Association, the Federal Aviation Administration Managers Association, and the National Council of Social Security Management Associations. Additionally, it is supported by some of the largest federal sector labor organizations, including the American Federation of Government Employees, the National Treasury Employees Union, the National Federation of Federal Employees, and the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers. Finally, this bill is supported by the Partnership for Public Service, a non-profit, non-partisan organization which works to find ways to improve the government's ability to provide services to citizens. I believe the broad support from management associations, labor organizations, and outside good government groups demonstrates the need for this bill. I urge my colleagues to support this important legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I would like to announce that the Committee on Indian Affairs will meet on Thursday, April 14, 2011, at 2:15 p.m. in Room 628 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building to conduct a hearing on S. 636, a bill to provide the Quileute Indian Tribe Tsunami and Flood Protection, and for other purposes; S. 703, the Helping Expedite and Advance Responsible Tribal Homeownership Act of 2011; and S. 546, the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians Restoration Act of 2011. Those wishing additional information may contact the Indian Affairs Committee at (202) 224-2251.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I rise to reintroduce the whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act. I am pleased that Senators Collins, Grassley, Lieberman, Levin, Carper, Leahy, Harkin, Pryor, Landrieu, McCaskill, Tester, Begich, and Cardin have joined as cosponsors of this bill. The need for stronger whistleblower protections is clear. As we slowly recover from the deepest recession since the Great Depression, and grapple with unsustainable budget deficits, we cannot wait to act on measures to make sure the government uses taxpayer money efficiently and effectively. This legislation will help us hold those who manage the public's dollars accountable by strengthening protections for Federal employees who shed light on government waste, fraud, and abuse. Studies have shown that employee whistleblowers are responsible for uncovering more fraud than auditors, internal compliance officers, and law enforcement officials combined. As an example of the type of disclosures we need to encourage, in one of the few cases in which a whistleblower prevailed, an Internal Revenue Service manager disclosed alleged fraud and preferential treatment of certain wealthy and influential taxpayers. The Merit Systems Protection Board denied his claim, but five years after the whistleblower retaliation occurred, the Court of Appeals reversed. Ensuring that dedicated civil servants can come forward and report wrongdoing without facing retaliation is an important step for saving taxpayer dollars, reducing the deficit, and improving our country's long-term economic health. Our bill also will contribute to public health and safety, civil rights and civil liberties, national security, and other critical interests. Federal employees may be the only people in the position to observe a problem with a drug safety trial, a cover up of violations during a food inspection, overreach in Federal law enforcement, or safety concerns at a nuclear plant. But few employees will have the courage to disclose Federal Government wrongdoing, which can affect every aspect of government operations, without meaningful whistleblower protections. The Whistleblower Protection Act, WPA, was intended to shield Federal whistleblowers from retaliation, but the Court of Appeals or the Federal Circuit and the Merit Systems Protection Board repeatedly have issued decisions that misconstrue the WPA and scale back its protections. Federal whistleblowers have prevailed on the merits of their claims before the Federal Circuit which has sole jurisdiction over Federal employee whistleblower appeals, only three times in hundreds of cases since 1994. correction is urgently needed. Our bill would eliminate a number of restrictions that the Federal Circuit has read into the law regarding when disclosures are covered by the WPA. Because of the Federal Circuit's restrictive reading of the WPA, it would establish a pilot program to allow multi-circuit review for 5 years, and would require a Government Accountability Office review of that change 40 months after enactment. This bill would also bar agencies from revoking an employee's security clearance in retaliation for whistleblowing. Additionally, this bill expands coverage to new groups of whistleblowers. This bill would expand the coverage of the Whistleblower Protection Act to include employees of the Transportation Security Administration. Intelligence Community employees for the first time would be protected as well, with an administrative process modeled on the protections for Federal Bureau of Investigations employees. Moreover, it would make clear that whistleblowers who disclose censorship of scientific information that could lead to gross government waste or mismanagement, danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law are protected. I have been a long-time proponent of strengthening oversight by protecting Federal whistleblowers. Last Congress, my Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act, S. 372, passed both the Senate and the House of Representatives by unanimous consent in December 2010. In the 110th Congress, my bill, the Federal Employee Protection of Disclosures Act, S. 274, passed the Senate by unanimous consent in December 2007, and a similar bill, H.R. 985, also passed in the House of Representatives in March 2008. Unfortunately, both times, we were not able to reconcile the two bills and enact whistleblower protections before the Congress adjourned. I intend to finish the job this Congress. Whistleblowers simply cannot wait any longer. Congress has a duty to provide strong protections for Federal whistleblowers. Only when Federal employees are confident that they will not face retaliation will they feel comfortable coming forward to disclose information that can be used to improve government operations, our national security, and the health of our citizens. I urge my colleagues to support this legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I rise to reintroduce the whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act. I am pleased that Senators Collins, Grassley, Lieberman, Levin, Carper, Leahy, Harkin, Pryor, Landrieu, McCaskill, Tester, Begich, and Cardin have joined as cosponsors of this bill. The need for stronger whistleblower protections is clear. As we slowly recover from the deepest recession since the Great Depression, and grapple with unsustainable budget deficits, we cannot wait to act on measures to make sure the government uses taxpayer money efficiently and effectively. This legislation will help us hold those who manage the public's dollars accountable by strengthening protections for Federal employees who shed light on government waste, fraud, and abuse. Studies have shown that employee whistleblowers are responsible for uncovering more fraud than auditors, internal compliance officers, and law enforcement officials combined. As an example of the type of disclosures we need to encourage, in one of the few cases in which a whistleblower prevailed, an Internal Revenue Service manager disclosed alleged fraud and preferential treatment of certain wealthy and influential taxpayers. The Merit Systems Protection Board denied his claim, but five years after the whistleblower retaliation occurred, the Court of Appeals reversed. Ensuring that dedicated civil servants can come forward and report wrongdoing without facing retaliation is an important step for saving taxpayer dollars, reducing the deficit, and improving our country's long-term economic health. Our bill also will contribute to public health and safety, civil rights and civil liberties, national security, and other critical interests. Federal employees may be the only people in the position to observe a problem with a drug safety trial, a cover up of violations during a food inspection, overreach in Federal law enforcement, or safety concerns at a nuclear plant. But few employees will have the courage to disclose Federal Government wrongdoing, which can affect every aspect of government operations, without meaningful whistleblower protections. The Whistleblower Protection Act, WPA, was intended to shield Federal whistleblowers from retaliation, but the Court of Appeals or the Federal Circuit and the Merit Systems Protection Board repeatedly have issued decisions that misconstrue the WPA and scale back its protections. Federal whistleblowers have prevailed on the merits of their claims before the Federal Circuit which has sole jurisdiction over Federal employee whistleblower appeals, only three times in hundreds of cases since 1994. correction is urgently needed. Our bill would eliminate a number of restrictions that the Federal Circuit has read into the law regarding when disclosures are covered by the WPA. Because of the Federal Circuit's restrictive reading of the WPA, it would establish a pilot program to allow multi-circuit review for 5 years, and would require a Government Accountability Office review of that change 40 months after enactment. This bill would also bar agencies from revoking an employee's security clearance in retaliation for whistleblowing. Additionally, this bill expands coverage to new groups of whistleblowers. This bill would expand the coverage of the Whistleblower Protection Act to include employees of the Transportation Security Administration. Intelligence Community employees for the first time would be protected as well, with an administrative process modeled on the protections for Federal Bureau of Investigations employees. Moreover, it would make clear that whistleblowers who disclose censorship of scientific information that could lead to gross government waste or mismanagement, danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law are protected. I have been a long-time proponent of strengthening oversight by protecting Federal whistleblowers. Last Congress, my Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act, S. 372, passed both the Senate and the House of Representatives by unanimous consent in December 2010. In the 110th Congress, my bill, the Federal Employee Protection of Disclosures Act, S. 274, passed the Senate by unanimous consent in December 2007, and a similar bill, H.R. 985, also passed in the House of Representatives in March 2008. Unfortunately, both times, we were not able to reconcile the two bills and enact whistleblower protections before the Congress adjourned. I intend to finish the job this Congress. Whistleblowers simply cannot wait any longer. Congress has a duty to provide strong protections for Federal whistleblowers. Only when Federal employees are confident that they will not face retaliation will they feel comfortable coming forward to disclose information that can be used to improve government operations, our national security, and the health of our citizens. I urge my colleagues to support this legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I congratulate Hawaiian music legends Frederick ``Freddie'' and Ernest Tavares for receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Hawaii Academy of Recording Arts in recognition of their contributions to the music industry. Born and raised on the island of Maui, Freddie and Ernest Tavares exhibited musical talent at an early age. Both men enjoyed long careers in music and played important roles in popularizing Hawaiian music across the United States. As a musician, Ernest did it all. He was a singer-songwriter, arranger, and inventor. His innovations led to the creation of the modern pedal steel guitar, which he played with the Harry Owens Royal Hawaiian Orchestra, Paul Page's South Sea Serenade, and T. Texas Tyler & His Western Dance Band. He also played the electric bass, ukulele, flute, clarinet, saxophone, piano, and Hawaiian & Tahitian drums. Freddie Tavares, Ernest's younger brother, shared this love of music and innovation. Collaborating with guitar legend Leo Fender, Freddie played an important role in designing the Fender Stratocaster, a guitar that is the standard for many rock musicians. His work and dedication earned him induction into the Steel Guitar Hall of Fame and the Fender Hall of Fame. Freddie also performed with many notable artists, such as Bing Crosby, Elvis Presley, Dean Martin, the Andrews Sisters, and Henry Mancini. Throughout their musical careers, Freddie and Ernest Tavares performed in many record albums and movie soundtracks. Both brothers also collaborated in numerous performances and shows. Their many talents and innovations had a great impact on the music industry and made Hawaii proud. Long before being elected to Congress, I taught music and band in Hawaii's schools, and I am honored to recognize Freddie and Ernest for their numerous and invaluable accomplishments in the music business. Although both brothers are no longer with us, I extend my aloha and sincere thanks to the Tavares family for keeping the legacy of Freddie and Ernest Tavares alive.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr President, today I rise in support of my resolution designating April 2011 as Tsunami Awareness Month. The recent events in Japan serve as a reminder of the importance of tsunami preparedness and mitigation. As we recently saw, tsunamis can strike at any time, continue for hours, wash away homes, buildings, and roads, and claim thousands of lives. Deadly tsunamis have struck Hawaii, Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands within the last 150 years. All coastline communities in the United States are at risk of being impacted by tsunamis. Sixty-five years ago, my home State of Hawaii experienced the most devastating and destructive tsunami in its history, which claimed the lives of 159 individuals. Hawaii's geographic location in the middle of the Pacific Ocean makes us extremely vulnerable to tsunamis because 80 percent of all tsunamis occur in the Pacific. To encourage citizens to educate themselves on tsunami preparedness, President Obama has designated March 20-26, 2011, as Tsunami Awareness Week. For the month of April, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service in Hawaii will conduct activities to raise public awareness of the dangers of tsunamis and commemorate the lives lost to the April 1, 1946 tsunami. Additionally, Hawaii State and local officials have partnered with NOAA to develop a Tsunami Safety Booklet to educate school-aged children about the dangers of tsunamis, and they plan to distribute the booklets and other preparedness materials at sponsored events. I encourage all citizens to observe Tsunami Awareness Month and prepare for tsunamis by finding out if their homes, schools, and workplaces are in areas likely to flood should a tsunami occur; identifying evacuation routes; and preparing portable disaster supply kits. Additional information about tsunami preparedness can be found at TsunamiReady (www.tsunamiready.noaa.gov). As Congress continues debates about cuts to the Federal budget, I remind my colleagues of the importance of federal funding for tsunami programs. Funding for NOAA tsunami program supports warning, mitigation, and research activities that are critical to our Nation's safety and security. The NOAA operates two tsunami warning centers, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center at Ewa Beach, Hawaii, and the West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center at Palmer, Alaska. Through Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis stations, these Centers monitor an extensive network of deep sea buoys providing real-time information needed to detect and issue warnings for tsunamis generated in the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, NOAA, in coordination with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the United States Geological Survey, partners with all 29 coastal States, Territories and Commonwealths in the United States to reduce the impact of tsunamis through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. These programs save lives. The House-passed continuing resolution would decrease funding for NOAA by approximately $450 million. Funding increases in recent years have allowed NOAA to strengthen our Nation's tsunami warning capabilities by expanding the operating hours and geographic areas of responsibility for both tsunami warning centers. Making drastic cuts to the NOAA's budget would severely impair our Nation's ability to warn citizens of potential disasters. Maintaining this funding is critical. As Japan recovers from the deadly earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, I continue to pledge my support for the people of Japan and keep all those affected by this tragedy in my thoughts and prayers.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I would like to announce that the Committee on Indian Affairs will meet on Thursday, April 7, 2011, at 2:15 p.m. in Room 628 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building to conduct a hearing on S. 675, a bill to express the policy of the United States regarding the United States relationship with Native Hawaiians and to provide a process for the recognition by the United States of the Native Hawaiian governing entity; S. 676, a bill to amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian tribes; and S. 703, a bill to amend the Long-Term Leasing Act, and for other purposes, to be followed immediately by an oversight hearing entitled ``Promise Fulfilled: The Role of the SBA 8(a) Program in Enhancing Economic Development in Indian Country.'' Those wishing additional information may contact the Indian Affairs Committee at (202) 224-2251.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I rise to honor America's public servants, who provide so many essential services that Americans rely on every day. I am pleased to once again introduce a resolution recognizing these employees during Public Service Recognition Week. Public Service Recognition Week provides us with the opportunity to honor and celebrate the works of federal, state and local public employees--and also gives American's across the country a chance to learn about the many possible careers in public service. As a former teacher and a life-long public servant, I have worked alongside so many hard-working, talented people who have dedicated their lives to serving others. Public employees across the country use the week to educate their fellow citizens on how government serves them and makes life better for all of us. It is my hope that this week's events will encourage many people, especially students and young professionals, to consider a career in public service. As the Chairman of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia, I am proud to take this moment to highlight the importance of our public servants. This country is facing so many challenges both here at home and abroad, and our public servants play an integral role in moving our country forward. It is essential that we do not lose sight of their importance and all that they do to keep our country strong. Our public servants are honorable men and women who provide vital services to the American people, including teaching our children, keeping our Nation safe, caring for our wounded warriors, guarding our prisons, and responding to natural disasters. Our way of life would not exist without the work of public employees. This is the 27th year we have honored our public servants with Public Service Recognition Week during the first week of May. Although we have designated a week to pay tribute to government employees, it is also important that we honor the invaluable service of public servants throughout the year. America's public servants deserve our gratitude and respect and I thank them for their dedication. I encourage my colleagues to join me in this annual celebration and recognize the public servants in their states.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today speak as an original cosponsor of an amendment to the Long Term Leasing Act of 1955. I am pleased to be an original cosponsor on this legislation which was introduced by my colleague on the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, Mr. Barrasso. The Helping, Expedite and Advance Responsible Tribal Homeownership Act of 2001, also known as the HEARTH Act of 2011, amends the Long Term Leasing Act of 1995. That act allows tribes or individual Indians to lease their lands for up to 25 years for certain purposes, including economic development, housing, education, agricultural, and natural resource development. The current act requires the Secretary of the Interior to approve each individual lease. It can take up to 2 years for each lease to be approved. Often this bureaucratic delay leads to the loss of economic development and other opportunities for tribes. Since the enactment of the Nonintercourse Act of June 30, 1834, and predecessor statutes, land transactions with Indian tribes were prohibited unless specifically authorized by Congress. Congress enacted the act of August 9, 1955, commonly known as the Long-Term Leasing Act to overcome the prohibitions contained in the Nonintercourse Act. The Long-Term Leasing Act permitted some land transactions between Indian tribes and non-Federal parties--specifically, the leasing of Indian lands. The act required that leases of Indian lands be approved by the Secretary of the Interior and limited to terms of 25 years. Today, each individual lease of Indian lands still requires approval by the Secretary of the Interior. The HEARTH Act of 2011, would allow each tribe to develop its own leasing regulations. Those regulations would then be submitted to the Secretary of the Interior for approval. Thereafter, the tribes would be able to approve their own leases, so long as they are consistent with their regulations. This amendment to the Long-Term Leasing Act will have a significant impact on streamlining the leasing process for tribes. It will reduce delays in entering into economic development opportunities, providing housing and developing natural resources on Indian lands. I thank Mr. Barrasso for his leadership on this critical legislation. My cosponsors are well aware of the positive impact this legislation will have economic opportunities for tribes. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting the passage of this legislation.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today speak as an original cosponsor of an amendment to the Long Term Leasing Act of 1955. I am pleased to be an original cosponsor on this legislation which was introduced by my colleague on the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, Mr. Barrasso. The Helping, Expedite and Advance Responsible Tribal Homeownership Act of 2001, also known as the HEARTH Act of 2011, amends the Long Term Leasing Act of 1995. That act allows tribes or individual Indians to lease their lands for up to 25 years for certain purposes, including economic development, housing, education, agricultural, and natural resource development. The current act requires the Secretary of the Interior to approve each individual lease. It can take up to 2 years for each lease to be approved. Often this bureaucratic delay leads to the loss of economic development and other opportunities for tribes. Since the enactment of the Nonintercourse Act of June 30, 1834, and predecessor statutes, land transactions with Indian tribes were prohibited unless specifically authorized by Congress. Congress enacted the act of August 9, 1955, commonly known as the Long-Term Leasing Act to overcome the prohibitions contained in the Nonintercourse Act. The Long-Term Leasing Act permitted some land transactions between Indian tribes and non-Federal parties--specifically, the leasing of Indian lands. The act required that leases of Indian lands be approved by the Secretary of the Interior and limited to terms of 25 years. Today, each individual lease of Indian lands still requires approval by the Secretary of the Interior. The HEARTH Act of 2011, would allow each tribe to develop its own leasing regulations. Those regulations would then be submitted to the Secretary of the Interior for approval. Thereafter, the tribes would be able to approve their own leases, so long as they are consistent with their regulations. This amendment to the Long-Term Leasing Act will have a significant impact on streamlining the leasing process for tribes. It will reduce delays in entering into economic development opportunities, providing housing and developing natural resources on Indian lands. I thank Mr. Barrasso for his leadership on this critical legislation. My cosponsors are well aware of the positive impact this legislation will have economic opportunities for tribes. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting the passage of this legislation.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. I yield the floor.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. I ask unanimous consent that the period for morning business be extended until 2 p.m., with the time equally divided between the two leaders or their designees, with Senators permitted to speak for up to 10 minutes each.

Mr. AKAKA. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I rise to introduce legislation of great importance to my state, the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2011. This bill would ensure parity in federal policy as it relates to the Native Hawaiian people. It would put them on equal footing with American Indians and Alaska Natives. I have sponsored this common-sense legislation since the 106th Congress. Last December, I spoke here on the Senate floor to reaffirm my commitment to enact this legislation. I made it clear then to my colleagues and my constituents that I would be reintroducing this legislation in the 112th Congress. I am moving forward with the legislation that was reported out of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in the 111th Congress. Throughout my Senate career, I have been a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. I have worked diligently with my colleagues on the Committee to champion legislation to improve conditions for our Native communities across the United States. At the beginning of the 112th Congress, I became the Chairman of this Committee. I look forward to working on the many pressing issues for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Reconciliation between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people will be a top priority. In 1993, I sponsored a measure commonly known as the Apology Resolution. This resolution was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It outlined the history--prior to--and following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, including the involvement in the overthrow by agents of the United States. In the resolution, the United States apologized for its involvement--and acknowledged the ramifications of the overthrow. It committed to support reconciliation efforts between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people. However, additional Congressional action is needed. My legislation allows us to take the necessary next step in the reconciliation process. The bill does three things. First, it authorizes an office in the Department of the Interior to serve as a liaison between Native Hawaiians and the United States. Second, it forms an interagency task force chaired by the Departments of Justice and Interior, and composed of officials from federal agencies that administer programs and services impacting Native Hawaiians. Third, it authorizes a process for the reorganization of the Native Hawaiian government for the purposes of a federally-recognized government-to- government relationship. Once the Native Hawaiian government is recognized, an inclusive democratic negotiations process representing both Native Hawaiians and non-Native Hawaiians would be established. There are many checks and balances in this process. Any agreements reached would still require the legislative approval of the State and Federal governments. Opponents have spread misinformation about the bill. Let me be clear on some things that this bill does not do. My bill will not allow for gaming. It does not allow for Hawaii to secede from the United States. It does not allow for private land to be taken. It does not create a reservation in Hawaii. What this bill does do is allow the people of Hawaii to come together and address issues arising from the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii more than 118 years ago. It is time to move forward with this legislation. To date, there have been a total of 12 Congressional hearings, including 5 joint hearings in Hawaii held by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and the House Natural Resources Committee. Our colleagues in the House have passed versions of this bill three times. We, however, have never had the opportunity to openly debate this bill on its merits in the Senate. We have a strong bill that is supported by Native communities across the United States, by the State of Hawaii, and by the Obama Administration. Last week, I met with officials and community leaders in the state of Hawaii to share my intention to reintroduce this legislation. I received widespread support. This support was not surprising. A poll conducted by the Honolulu Advertiser in May of last year reported that 66 percent of the people of Hawaii support Federal recognition for Native Hawaiians. And 82 percent of Native Hawaiians polled support Federal recognition. My efforts have the support of the National Congress of American Indians, the Alaska Federation of Natives, and groups throughout the Native Hawaiian community including the Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs, the Native Hawaiian Bar Association, the Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement, and two state agencies which represent the interests of the Native Hawaiian people, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. I have also received support from national organizations such as the American Bar Association, and from President Obama, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Interior. I encourage all of my colleagues to stand with me and support this legislation. I welcome any of my colleagues with concerns to speak with me so I can explain how important this bill is for the people of Hawaii. The people of Hawaii have waited for far too long. America has a history of righting past wrongs. The United States has federally recognized government-to-government relationships with 565 tribes across our country. It is time to extend this policy to the Native Hawaiians. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, today I rise to introduce legislation of great importance to my state, the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2011. This bill would ensure parity in federal policy as it relates to the Native Hawaiian people. It would put them on equal footing with American Indians and Alaska Natives. I have sponsored this common-sense legislation since the 106th Congress. Last December, I spoke here on the Senate floor to reaffirm my commitment to enact this legislation. I made it clear then to my colleagues and my constituents that I would be reintroducing this legislation in the 112th Congress. I am moving forward with the legislation that was reported out of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in the 111th Congress. Throughout my Senate career, I have been a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. I have worked diligently with my colleagues on the Committee to champion legislation to improve conditions for our Native communities across the United States. At the beginning of the 112th Congress, I became the Chairman of this Committee. I look forward to working on the many pressing issues for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Reconciliation between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people will be a top priority. In 1993, I sponsored a measure commonly known as the Apology Resolution. This resolution was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It outlined the history--prior to--and following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, including the involvement in the overthrow by agents of the United States. In the resolution, the United States apologized for its involvement--and acknowledged the ramifications of the overthrow. It committed to support reconciliation efforts between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people. However, additional Congressional action is needed. My legislation allows us to take the necessary next step in the reconciliation process. The bill does three things. First, it authorizes an office in the Department of the Interior to serve as a liaison between Native Hawaiians and the United States. Second, it forms an interagency task force chaired by the Departments of Justice and Interior, and composed of officials from federal agencies that administer programs and services impacting Native Hawaiians. Third, it authorizes a process for the reorganization of the Native Hawaiian government for the purposes of a federally-recognized government-to- government relationship. Once the Native Hawaiian government is recognized, an inclusive democratic negotiations process representing both Native Hawaiians and non-Native Hawaiians would be established. There are many checks and balances in this process. Any agreements reached would still require the legislative approval of the State and Federal governments. Opponents have spread misinformation about the bill. Let me be clear on some things that this bill does not do. My bill will not allow for gaming. It does not allow for Hawaii to secede from the United States. It does not allow for private land to be taken. It does not create a reservation in Hawaii. What this bill does do is allow the people of Hawaii to come together and address issues arising from the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii more than 118 years ago. It is time to move forward with this legislation. To date, there have been a total of 12 Congressional hearings, including 5 joint hearings in Hawaii held by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and the House Natural Resources Committee. Our colleagues in the House have passed versions of this bill three times. We, however, have never had the opportunity to openly debate this bill on its merits in the Senate. We have a strong bill that is supported by Native communities across the United States, by the State of Hawaii, and by the Obama Administration. Last week, I met with officials and community leaders in the state of Hawaii to share my intention to reintroduce this legislation. I received widespread support. This support was not surprising. A poll conducted by the Honolulu Advertiser in May of last year reported that 66 percent of the people of Hawaii support Federal recognition for Native Hawaiians. And 82 percent of Native Hawaiians polled support Federal recognition. My efforts have the support of the National Congress of American Indians, the Alaska Federation of Natives, and groups throughout the Native Hawaiian community including the Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs, the Native Hawaiian Bar Association, the Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement, and two state agencies which represent the interests of the Native Hawaiian people, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. I have also received support from national organizations such as the American Bar Association, and from President Obama, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Interior. I encourage all of my colleagues to stand with me and support this legislation. I welcome any of my colleagues with concerns to speak with me so I can explain how important this bill is for the people of Hawaii. The people of Hawaii have waited for far too long. America has a history of righting past wrongs. The United States has federally recognized government-to-government relationships with 565 tribes across our country. It is time to extend this policy to the Native Hawaiians. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce a technical amendment to the Act of June 18, 1934, the Indian Reorganization Act. Trust land is essential to a tribe's ability to exercise their inherent sovereignty. It allows Tribal Nations to protect their historic, cultural and religious ties to the lands where their ancestors lived. Trust lands are also vital to tribal economic development and self-government as tribes provide a wide range of governmental services to their members including, running schools, community centers, health clinics, law enforcement and numerous other social and governmental services. Federal Indian policy regarding tribal lands has not always been favorable to the Tribal governments and individuals. The General Allotment Act of 1887 led to land losses of more than 100 million acres of tribal homelands. Those land losses had a devastating effect on the tribal communities, institutions and economies that relied on their homelands. Seeking to address the consequences of that ill-advised policy, Congress enacted the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. This act was intended to reverse the prior federal policy of allotment. By passing the Indian Reorganization Act, Congress recognized that a land base was essential for the economic advancement and self-support of Indian communities. The IRA allowed tribes to restore their homelands and to rehabilitate their economies and communities. Restoration of land to tribal ownership was central to the overall purposes of the Indian Reorganization Act. Unfortunately, a recent Supreme Court decision has brought uncertainty to 75 years interpretation regarding trust land acquisition under the Indian Reorganization Act. On February 24, 2009, the Supreme Court issued its decision in the Carcieri v. Salazar case. In that decision the Supreme Court held that the Secretary of the Interior exceeded his authority in taking land into trust for a tribe that was not under Federal jurisdiction at the time the Indian Reorganization Act was enacted in 1934. The Supreme Court decided that the act only applied to tribes who were ``under federal jurisdiction'' when it was passed in 1934. The legislation I am introducing today is necessary to clarify the continuing authority of the Secretary of the Interior, under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, to take land into trust for all Indian tribes that are federally recognized on the date the land is placed into trust. The legislation also ratifies the prior trust acquisitions of the Secretary, who for the past 75 years has been exercising his authority to take lands into trust, as intended by the Indian Reorganization Act. Inaction by Congress on the Carcieri decision will create two classes of tribes--those who are considered ``under federal jurisdiction'' and can have lands taken into trust and those who cannot. Creating two classes of tribes is unacceptable and runs counter to federal Indian policy, the Indian Reorganization Act, and subsequent Congressional Acts intended to ensure that all tribes are treated equally and have the same sovereign rights. The decision will also significantly impact planned development projects on Indian trust lands, such as housing, schools, community, and health centers, and result in a loss of jobs in an already challenging economic environment. I want to thank Senators Conrad, Franken, Inouye, Johnson, Kerry, Tester and Udall for their support on this critical legislation. My cosponsors are well aware of the negative impact this decision has already had, and would continue to have on our Native American communities. Affected tribes deserve our timely consideration of this bill. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting the passage of this legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce a technical amendment to the Act of June 18, 1934, the Indian Reorganization Act. Trust land is essential to a tribe's ability to exercise their inherent sovereignty. It allows Tribal Nations to protect their historic, cultural and religious ties to the lands where their ancestors lived. Trust lands are also vital to tribal economic development and self-government as tribes provide a wide range of governmental services to their members including, running schools, community centers, health clinics, law enforcement and numerous other social and governmental services. Federal Indian policy regarding tribal lands has not always been favorable to the Tribal governments and individuals. The General Allotment Act of 1887 led to land losses of more than 100 million acres of tribal homelands. Those land losses had a devastating effect on the tribal communities, institutions and economies that relied on their homelands. Seeking to address the consequences of that ill-advised policy, Congress enacted the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. This act was intended to reverse the prior federal policy of allotment. By passing the Indian Reorganization Act, Congress recognized that a land base was essential for the economic advancement and self-support of Indian communities. The IRA allowed tribes to restore their homelands and to rehabilitate their economies and communities. Restoration of land to tribal ownership was central to the overall purposes of the Indian Reorganization Act. Unfortunately, a recent Supreme Court decision has brought uncertainty to 75 years interpretation regarding trust land acquisition under the Indian Reorganization Act. On February 24, 2009, the Supreme Court issued its decision in the Carcieri v. Salazar case. In that decision the Supreme Court held that the Secretary of the Interior exceeded his authority in taking land into trust for a tribe that was not under Federal jurisdiction at the time the Indian Reorganization Act was enacted in 1934. The Supreme Court decided that the act only applied to tribes who were ``under federal jurisdiction'' when it was passed in 1934. The legislation I am introducing today is necessary to clarify the continuing authority of the Secretary of the Interior, under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, to take land into trust for all Indian tribes that are federally recognized on the date the land is placed into trust. The legislation also ratifies the prior trust acquisitions of the Secretary, who for the past 75 years has been exercising his authority to take lands into trust, as intended by the Indian Reorganization Act. Inaction by Congress on the Carcieri decision will create two classes of tribes--those who are considered ``under federal jurisdiction'' and can have lands taken into trust and those who cannot. Creating two classes of tribes is unacceptable and runs counter to federal Indian policy, the Indian Reorganization Act, and subsequent Congressional Acts intended to ensure that all tribes are treated equally and have the same sovereign rights. The decision will also significantly impact planned development projects on Indian trust lands, such as housing, schools, community, and health centers, and result in a loss of jobs in an already challenging economic environment. I want to thank Senators Conrad, Franken, Inouye, Johnson, Kerry, Tester and Udall for their support on this critical legislation. My cosponsors are well aware of the negative impact this decision has already had, and would continue to have on our Native American communities. Affected tribes deserve our timely consideration of this bill. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting the passage of this legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I would like to announce that the Committee on Indian Affairs will meet on Thursday, April 7, 2011, at 2:15 p.m. in Room 628 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building to conduct an oversight hearing entitled ``Promise Fulfilled: The Role of the SBA 8(a) Program in Enhancing Economic Development in Indian Country.'' Those wishing additional information may contact the Indian Affairs Committee at (202) 224-2251.

Mr. AKAKA

Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Furthering International Nuclear Safety Act of 2011 to enhance the implementation of the Convention on Nuclear Safety by taking a more systematic approach to improving civilian nuclear power safety. This legislation is cosponsored by Senator Carper, and Representative Fortenberry is introducing a House companion bill. The still unfolding nuclear emergency in Japan serves as a powerful reminder that the United States as a Nation, and as an influential member of the international community, must continually seek methods to enhance the safety posture of nuclear facilities worldwide. This year, April 26 will provide us with another sobering reminder: the 26th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine. The Chernobyl disaster was the worst nuclear power accident in history and made clear the need for international nuclear safety norms. According to a report commissioned by United Nations agencies, millions of people were exposed to high doses of radiation, and approximately 350,000 people were displaced from their homes. The countries most directly affected by the disaster suffered estimated economic damages on the order of hundreds of billions of dollars, while thousands of square miles of agricultural and forest lands were removed from service. In the aftermath of this accident, over 50 countries, led by the United States, worked together to develop the Convention on Nuclear Safety. This convention was formally established in 1994, and the United States joined in 1999. Through the cooperative nature of the convention, which relies on peer-reviewed national reports and the sharing of best practices, countries that are party to the treaty work to improve their nuclear safety. Although civilian nuclear power programs have become safer since Chernobyl, the unfolding disaster in Japan makes clear that we must not become complacent. In future months, Japan and the international community will assess the damage and how to prevent its recurrence. This bill will provide a stronger framework for United States engagement in that process. Currently, there are nearly 450 civilian nuclear power reactors operating in 31 countries around the world, and at least 65 more are under construction. Countries such as Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Thailand, and Vietnam have started or expressed interest in civilian nuclear power programs. The global expansion of nuclear power should be accompanied by greater attention to nuclear safety. Last year, the Government Accountability Office, GAO, completed a review of the Convention on Nuclear Safety in which GAO obtained the views of 40 parties to the Convention while carefully protecting individual respondent information. GAO found that the Convention has been very successful in improving nuclear safety but made recommendations to the United States Government that would enhance the Convention's effectiveness. The bill I am introducing today will implement GAO's recommendations and additional steps to improve nuclear safety worldwide. This bill urges the United States delegate to the Convention to take certain actions to enhance international nuclear safety. This includes the United States advocating that parties to the Convention more systematically assess their own progress through the broader use of performance metrics. Additionally, to increase access to information about nuclear safety, the delegate to the Convention will encourage parties to post their annual reports and answers to questions from other parties on the International Atomic Energy Agency's, IAEA, public website. IAEA will be encouraged to offer additional support, such as providing additional technical support; assistance as needed for parties' national reports; and support for Convention meetings, including language translation services. Further, the United States delegate will encourage all countries that have or are considering establishing a civilian nuclear power program to join the Convention. Finally, this bill calls for the Secretary of State to lead the development of a United States Government strategic plan for international nuclear safety cooperation for operating nuclear power reactors and to report on progress made in implementing this bill. International nuclear safety deserves our Nation's ongoing attention. As we continue to support Japan's efforts to prevent further deterioration at the damaged nuclear facilities, and as we approach the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, we should be mindful that the use and expansion of nuclear power needs to be combined with supreme vigilance and concern for safety. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting this legislation. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.