Evan Bayh

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, it is with great sadness that I rise today to honor the life of my friend, Sam H. Jones, who passed away on March 26, 2003 after 3-year battle with leukemia. Sam was a pioneer of civil rights who dedicated his life to building a community of equality where people of all races, religions, and backgrounds could have a stake in the American dream. He was a soft-spoken man yet he had a commanding presence that gave him the power to bring people of diverse backgrounds together in order to achieve great things. While serving as the president of the Indianapolis Urban League for the past 36 years, Sam Jones worked to build bridges across tumultuous waters of racism, helping to ensure economic prosperity, equal opportunity in education, and improved police relations for African Americans and other minorities in the Indianapolis area. Sam championed issues ranging from suicide prevention to economic development. He was never afraid to explore new policy areas or to take an unpopular or unorthodox approach to solving problems. For these reasons, he was one of the most respected leaders in our community. Born in Heidelberg, MS in 1929, Sam saw segregation in its most brutal form at a young age, which profoundly impacted him. He did not hold grudges. Instead, he took action to effect positive change, working with those whom he opposed, not against. Sam was known for his ability to calm opposing sides in difficult situations in order to reach compromise. This attitude helped him to build many strong partnerships and lifelong friendships. In 1966 Sam Jones cofounded the Indianapolis Urban League and served as its president and CEO until last December. He built the organization in Indianapolis from the ground up, starting his work in a small motel room, and 36 years later, opening a $3 million Indiana Avenue headquarters. The new building bears his name, and rightly so; Sam was the heart and soul of the Indianapolis Urban League and was widely considered the dean of all 112 chapters of the national organization. Sam Jones was a truly unique leader and humanitarian whose shoes will be difficult, if not impossible, to fill. For this reason, the sense of loss to all those who knew him in the city of Indianapolis, the State of Indiana, and the Nation, is tremendous. He will be greatly missed by his family and close friends, to whom he was extremely dedicated. He is survived by his wife, Prethenia, and their children, Marya Overby, Sam H. Jones, Jr., and the Rev. Michael Jones. It is my sad duty to enter the name of Sam H. Jones into the Congressional Record. As Martin Luther King, Jr. once said: ``The hope of a secure and livable world lies with disciplined nonconformists who are dedicated to justice, peace and brotherhood.'' The world has been left a better place because Sam Jones lived his life based on that principle.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to honor the life of a fellow Hoosier, Phil Kauble, who passed away on March 24, 2003. Phil Kauble worked and lived in Kokomo, IN. He was the kind of man who helped to define that hard-working community. Phil was first a steelworker, and later in life a dedicated crusader for pension reform. Those of us who knew Phil were inspired by his commitment to the cause of pension reform. After his career as a steelworker, Phil became dedicated to protecting retired steelworkers by fighting to correct a discrepancy in the pension laws that had hurt him and others when Continental Steel closed its Kokomo mill in the 1980s. Phil was tireless in his work to correct this problem. For over 20 years he displayed an unwaivering commitment to help his fellow retired steelworkers and his community by making the pension system fairer. One of the many consequences of his determination is legislation I have authored to require improved notification procedures by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, PBGC, a Federal agency that oversees the maintenance of benefit pension plans, fondly referred to as ``Phil's Bill.'' Phil never gave up the fight. All who knew him were very proud of his many contributions. Phil always believed in the promise of America and the difference one man can make. He truly made a difference. Later today, I will be reintroducing ``Phil's Bill.'' I know that he would insist that we push on. That is what we intend to do. Phil Kauble showed us that one person can make a difference. His own life experience led to an extraordinary commitment to correct a serious gap in the pension system and to help his fellow citizens. His tenacity and idealism will be missed. When we reflect upon the lives of men such as Phil Kauble, we are reminded that we live in a country where the true power to shape the destiny of government is vested in the people. We will all miss Phil deeply, but his memory will serve as a beacon and his life as an example of the virtues of civic involvement.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today with great sadness and tremendous gratitude to honor the life of a brave young man from Atwood, IN. Lcpl David Fribley was 26 years old. He died Sunday in Nasiriyah, Iraq as he and his fellow Marines encountered Iraqi soldiers believed to be surrendering. Instead, the Iraqis opened fire, killing David Fribley and eight other Americans, David was there, in a far away land, to fight for the values we all hold close to our hearts. David Fribley was the second Hoosier killed while dutifully serving his country in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Today, I mourn David's death with his family, friends and the Atwood community. While our pride in David shall certainly live on, so too will our sorrow. Even though David's life on Earth has been cut short, his bravery, and his strength of character shall live on as a powerful and consoling force during these difficult days of conflict. David Fribley was a quiet and caring man who led by example, not mere words. He was adored by all who knew him for his soft-spoken manner and great sense of humor. He was compelled to leave his job working with the elderly and join the Marine Corps after witnessing the terrorist attacks of September 11. Upon his resignation David stated: ``The greatest gift is the gift of service.'' This kind of selflessness is an inspiration to us all. David leaves behind father Garry and mother Linda, brother Steven, who serves in the Air Force, and a fiancee. He attended Warsaw Community High School where he was a star athlete in both track and football. After high school he attended Indiana State University and graduated in 2001. President Abraham Lincoln wrote in a letter to the mother of a fallen Union soldier: ``I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom.'' These words ring as true today as they did 140 ago. As we mourn the loss of David Fribley and honor the sacrifice he made for America and for all of humanity. It is my sad duty to enter the name of David Fribley in the official record of the U.S. Senate for his service to this country and for his profound commitment to freedom, democracy, and peace. When I think about this just cause in which we are engaged, and the unfortunate pain that comes with the loss of our heroes, I hope that families like David's can find comfort in the word of the prophet Isaiah who said, ``He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces.'' May God grant strength and peace to those who mourn, and may God bless the United States of America. Mr. President, I also rise today with great sadness and tremendous gratitude to honor the life of a brave young man from Hobart, IN. Greg Sanders was just 19 year old. On Monday, March 24, 2003, he was with his Army unit, the 3rd Infantry, 3rd Battalion, 69th Armor Division, 1st Brigade, Company B, when he was mortally wounded by an Iraqi sniper bullet. Greg was in Iraq, far away from loved ones and fellow countrymen, to fight for the values of democracy we all hold close to our hearts. Greg Sanders is the third Hoosier to be killed while dutifully serving our Nation in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Today, I mourn along with Greg's family, friends, and community. While our pride in him shall certainly live on, so too will our sorrow. Although Greg's life was cut short, his courage, and his dedication to the preservation of democracy will live on to serve as a guiding light in these dark days of war. Greg Sanders was a natural born leader who always loved challenging himself in everything he did, whether it was on the bowling lane or the battlefield. From the time Greg was small, it was his dream to be a soldier. It was with great pride that he left for Iraq, prepared to do his duty and willing to make the ultimate sacrifice, if fate dictated, for a country he loved dearly. Greg attended Hobart High School where he ran cross-country and began his training to become a soldier before his graduation in 2001. He leaves behind his mother Leslie Sanders, a brother, two sisters, his wife Ruthann, and their 1-year-old daughter, Gwendolyn. He will be greatly missed by his family, fellow soldiers, and the Hobart community as a whole. President Abraham Lincoln wrote in a letter to the mother of a fallen Union soldier: ``I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the alter of freedom.'' These words ring as true today as they did 140 years ago, as we mourn the loss of Greg Sanders and honor the sacrifice he made for America and for all of humanity. It is my sad duty to enter the name of Greg Sanders in the official record of the Senate for his service to this country and for his profound commitment to freedom, democracy, and peace. When I think about this just cause in which we are engaged, and the unfortunate pain that comes with the loss of our heroes, I hope that families like Greg's can find comfort in the word of the prophet Isaiah, who said: ``He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces.'' May God grant strength and peace to those who mourn, and may God bless the United States of America.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. I offer this amendment on behalf of myself, Senator Schumer, and Senator Lincoln. This expresses the sense of the Senate that the 1993 tax increase on Social Security benefits should be repealed. It is similar to the amendment offered by Senator Bunning because it accomplishes this objective in a more fiscally responsive way because it instructs the Finance Committee to accomplish this within the context of the current tax cut rather than adding to it. It helps Social Security beneficiaries, it cuts taxes, and it does so in a fiscally responsible way. I ask for its immediate adoption.

Mr. BAYH. Madam President, I send an amendment to the desk for immediate consideration.

Mr. BAYH. To offer any language that is precatory pursuant to section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive the applicable sessions of that act for purposes of the pending amendment. I ask for the yeas and nays, and I thank my colleagues for their courtesy.

Mr. BAYH. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the reading of the amendment be dispensed with.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to honor the life of a fellow Hoosier and a dear friend, Jack G. Waldroup, Sr., who passed away on March 9, 2003. Those of us who knew Jack were touched by his kind heart and generous spirit. His life was the embodiment of values Americans have cherished since the founding of our democracy: civic involvement, active political participation, and public service. Jack loved Indiana. Throughout his days, he always remained close to his beloved home of Knox County. Jack graduated from Oaktown High School in 1946 and then spent time working on his family farm. He also served his community as a Chief Deputy in the Knox County Sheriff's Department. Soon after, Jack assumed his longtime position as a contract administrative assistant at United Engineers and Architects. Jack's service to his party never faltered, and he became known in Indiana as ``Mr. Democrat.'' Jack served ably as Knox County Democrat Chairman from 1970 to 1984, helping to cultivate and guide countless careers in public service. He could always be counted on for sound advice, and you could be sure he would give it to you straight--without any sugar coating. Jack's keen understanding of the political process coupled with his loyalty and honest advice led him to become a fixture in statewide Indiana politics, and a must- see for anyone seriously seeking to serve in public office. Over the years, many leaders came to rely on Jack's wisdom and guidance. His good judgment and invaluable counsel was always appreciated and will be greatly missed. When we reflect upon the lives of men such as Jack Waldroup, Sr., we are reminded that we live in a country where the true power to shape the destiny of government is vested in the people. We will all miss Jack deeply, but his memory will serve as a beacon and his life as an example of the virtues of civic involvement. He was my friend, and I shall miss him.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today with great sadness and tremendous gratitude to honor the life of a brave young man from Kokomo, IN. Specialist Brian Clemens was just 19 years old. He died last week in Kuwait as he and his comrades in the 1st Battalion, 293rd Infantry of the Indiana Army National Guard prepared for a war that may soon begin. Brian was there, in a far away land, to fight for values we hold close to our hearts. Specialist Clemens was the first Indiana National Guard member killed overseas since Operation Desert Storm ended more than a decade ago. He was also the first American to perish while dutifully serving our Nation in a build-up for possible war with Iraq. I mourn along with Brian's family, friends and community. While our pride in Brian shall certainly live on, so too will our sorrow. But Brian's life, his courage, and his strength of character should serve as a powerful and consoling force in the difficult days ahead. Brian Clemens was an energetic and caring young man. He was adored by all who knew him for his charismatic personality. He was a positive force within his community, never failing to give of himself whenever possible. In the months following his graduation from Maconaquah High School in 2001, Brian returned to the school regularly to help wrestlers on the team hone their skills. He was selfless with his time and constantly gave back to the community in which he lived, cherishing his relationships above all else. Deeply devoted to his family, Brian was especially close to his younger sister, Jennifer. As President Abraham Lincoln wrote in a letter to the mother of a fallen Union soldier: ``I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom.'' These words ring as true today as they did 140 years ago, as we mourn the loss of Brian Clemens and honor the sacrifice he made for America and for all of humanity. It is my sad duty to enter the name of Brian Clemens in the official Record of the U.S. Senate for his service to this country and for his profound commitment to freedom, democracy, and peace. When I think about this just cause in which we are engaged, and the unfortunate pain that comes with the loss of our heroes, I hope that families like Brian's can find comfort in the word of the prophet Isaiah who said, ``He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces.'' May God grant strength and peace to those who mourn, and may God bless the United States of America.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to honor Jim Sears, a fellow Hoosier, an Indiana State Police officer, a family man and a friend, who passed away on December 31, 2002. As those who knew Trooper Sears would attest, his strong commitment to the city of Indianapolis was reflected in his distinguished career. In 1962, he became the first African American to wear an Indiana State Police uniform. He opened doors for other African Americans who aspired to become State Police officers and to break through barriers of all kinds. Marion County's first African American Sheriff, Frank Anderson was a classmate of Sears' at Short Ridge High School in 1956 and was with him on the day they both went downtown to apply for the force. State Police Superintendent Melvin Carraway referred to Sears as ``our mentor.'' Jim Sears' life was an example of kindness, gentleness and perseverance in the face of constant prejudice. His guiding principle was to protect the dignity of the public, especially those whom he was forced to deal with for legal infractions. He once shared that if he caught someone speeding, he would ask the person to step out of the car if children were present in an attempt to protect the children from witnessing their parent in an embarrassing situation. Trooper Sears sought to keep others from humiliation, although often he was the recipient of cold, disparaging treatment from fellow troopers and the public because of the color of his skin. Not easily discouraged Trooper Sears remained a perfectionist and a stickler for regulations, allowing others to benefit from his shining example. In 1976, Trooper Sears and a group of other Black troopers settled a racial discrimination lawsuit with the State Police, which subsequently agreed to recruit and promote minorities. ``Despite the bad things that happened, I'd do it all over again,'' Trooper Sears said after the settlement. ``Because someone had to straighten out this mess of people not being hired strictly on color. I helped open the door.'' After 15 years as a trooper, Jim Sears was transferred to the job he called ``the highlight of his career,'' serving on the security detail for Gov. Otis Bowen from 1977 to 1980. After that detail, Sears was head of the department's planning arm when he retired in 1992 after 30 years of service. After retirement, Jim Sears graduated from Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis and worked for the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Trooper Jim Sears opened doors for those who followed. He was a true leader and humanitarian whom the city of Indianapolis and the State of Indiana will miss tremendously. We owe a debt of gratitude to the late Jim Sears for his lifelong service to Indiana and our Nation.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise to pay tribute to a fellow Hoosier, whose life embodied American ideals of entrepreneurship, community, and service. In Indiana, we mourn Arni Cohen's death. Mr. Cohen began a pizza business by purchasing his first Arni's restaurant in 1965. Through a mixture of expansions and franchising, Mr. Cohen embodied the principle of free enterprise by populating 13 different cities in Indiana with nearly two dozen of his restaurants. Mr. Cohen's undying love for his community and baseball prompted him to create a softball league for the community of West Lafayette, where he played with and managed the team. Always a community-minded individual, Arni Cohen also offered his restaurants to upstart musicians and comedians, allowing them to pave their way into show business. Mr. Cohen's years in the Army and his years as a city council member illustrate his commitment to serving his country and community. Family and friends remember Arni Cohen as a charitable person, always smiling, and eager to offer a kind word to everyone. Mr. Cohen loved his community, honorably serving it for 37 years. His dedication and kindness to his community are a credit to his family and to the State of Indiana. It is my privilege to pay tribute to Arni Cohen for his commitment and service by honoring him in the official record of the Senate. I send my heartfelt condolences to his family, friends, and the community of West Lafayette. When I reflect upon the lives of men such as Arni Cohen, who dedicated his life to serving others, I am reminded of the principles of public service.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to congratulate fellow Hoosiers Mr. James Adams and Dr. Dennis C. Jacobs on their recent selection as Professors of the Year. It is a major accomplishment as only four awards are given out nationally, one for each classification of institution. Mr. Adams was recognized as Outstanding Baccalaureate College Professor of the Year and Dr. Jacobs was recognized as Outstanding Research and Doctoral University Professor of the Year. I am particularly proud, Mr. President, because Mr. Adams and Dr. Jacobs are two of four national Professors of the Year, and my home state of Indiana is the home for both. Both Mr. Adams and Dr. Jacobs represent the very best in higher education and Hoosier values. Mr. James Adams is a professor of art at Manchester College in North Manchester, Indiana. During 42 years at Manchester, Mr. Adams has taught in the Art, English, Music, and Spanish departments, driven by his interest in new technologies, integrating service with learning, and interdisciplinary approaches to subjects. He has truly set an example to the rest of the teaching community. In addition, Mr. Adams has been an exchange professor to Germany and Spain, and was instrumental in creating study-abroad programs on his campus. His international interest has also led him to supervise an Indiana University summer program in England, serve as faculty-in- residence for DePauw University in Spain, and he has conducted at least 20 student tours to Mayan sites. Mr. James Adams' hobbies have also brought him success. He is a practicing painter and photographer who has exhibited throughout the United States and in England, Mexico, and Spain. A contributor to his community, Mr. Adams is a frequent lecturer at the Fort Wayne Museum of Art, and he also does pro bono work with the local Department of Motor Vehicles office, serving as a translator for Latino residents new to the area. Mr. Adams earned undergraduate degrees at George Washington University and the Concoran School of Art, with a double major in Art and Modern Languages. He holds a Master of Fine Arts at the Instituo Allende, which is affiliated with the University of Guanajuato, Mexico, and he spent three years at the Ruskin School of Art at Oxford University. Dr. Dennis C. Jacobs is a professor of chemistry at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. At Notre Dame, he has won several teaching awards and the Presidential Award for dedicated service to the University. His contribution to the learning community is evident. In 1999, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching named him a Carnegie Scholar largely for completely redesigning an important introductory chemistry class. The redesign led to greater student success and engagement, and the course is considered a leading example of the trend toward peer-led curricula. This is a remarkable accomplishment. Dr. Jacobs has also combined chemistry and service learning, creating a course in which students and community partners evaluate lead contamination in area homes. He is also a Fellow with the Center for Social Concerns, focusing on other methods of integrating community service into the curriculum. His work has earned him great respect in his community. One of his colleagues has described him as ``the kind of teacher who never stops growing, thinking, and changing.'' Dennis Jacobs earned undergraduate degrees at the University of California at Irvine in physics and chemistry and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry at Stanford University. national winners Outstanding Baccalaureate Colleges: James Adams, Professor, Art, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN Outstanding Community Colleges: Alicia Juarrero, Professor, Philosophy, Prince George's Community College, Largo, MD Outstanding Doctor and Research Universities: Dennis Jacobs, Professor, Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN Outstanding Master's Universities and Colleges: Francisco Jimenez, Director of Ethnic Studies Program and Fay Boyle, Professor in the department of Modern Languages and Literatures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA state winners Alabama: Natalie Davis, Professor, Political Science, Birmingham- Southern College Alaska: Steven Johnson, Assistant Professor and Director of Debate, University of Alaska Anchorage Arizona: Christopher Impey, Professor, Astronomy, University of Arizona Arkansas: Gay Stewart, Associate Professor, Physics, University of Arkansas California: Cecilia Conrad, Associate Professor, Economics, Pamona College Colorado: Aaron Byerley, Professor, Aeronautical Engineering, United States Air Forces Academy Connecticut: Bruce Saulnier, Associate Professor, Computer Information Systems District of Columbia: James A. Miller, Professor, English and American Studies, The George Washington University Florida: Llewellyn M. Ehrhart, Professor, Biology, University of Central Florida Georgia: Evelyn Dandy, Professor and Director of Pathways, Education, University of Central Florida Idaho: Todd Shallat, Professor, History, Boise State University Illinois: Nancy Beck Young, Associate Professor, History, McKendree College Indiana: Leah H. Jamieson, Professor and Co-director of EPICS Program, Purdue University Iowa: Herman Blake, Professor, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Iowa State University Kansas: Peer Moore-Jansen, Associate Professor, Anthropology, Wichita State University Kentucky: John J. Furlong, Professor, Philosophy, Transylvania University Louisiana: Kay C. Dee, Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University Maine: Keith W. Hutchinson, Professor, Biochemistry, University of Maine Maryland: Spencer Benson, Associate Professor, University of Maryland College Park Massachusetts: Judith Miller, Professor, Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Michigan: Mark Francek, Professor, Central Michigan University Minnesota: Robin Hasslen, Professor, Child and Family Studies, St. Cloud State University Mississippi: Robert McElvaine, Professor, Arts and Letters, Millsaps College Missouri: Anthony Vazzana, Assistant Professor, Mathematics, Truman State University Montana: Esther L. England, Professor, Music, The University of Montana-Missoula Nebraska: James H. Wiest, Professor, Sociology, Hastings College New Hampshire: Davina M. Brown, Professor, Psychology, Franklin Pierce College New Jersey: Thomas Heed, Associate Professor of Accounting, New Mexico State University New York: George J. Searles, Professor, Humanities, Mohawk Valley Community College North Carolina: Richard A. Huber, Associate Professor, Curricular Studies, The University of North Carolina at Wilmington North Dakota: Lorraine Willoughby, Associate Professor, Minot State University Ohio: Dorothy Salem, Professor, History, Cuyahoga Community College Oklahoma: Christopher Oehrlein, Professor, Mathematics, Oklahoma City Community College Oregon: Nicole Aas-Rouxparis, Professor, French, Lewis and Clark Pennsylvania: Roseanne Hofmann, Professor, Mathematics, Montgomery County Community College South Carolina: Fred C. James, Professor, Biology, Presbyterian College Tennessee: Donald Potter Jr., Professor, Geology, University of the South Utah: Jan Sojka, Professor, Physics, Utah State University Vermont: Andrie Kusserow, Assistant Professor, Sociology/ Anthropology, Saint Michael's College Washington: Suzanne Wilson Barnett, Professor, History, University of Puget Sound West Virginia: Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Associate Professor, History, West Virginia University Wisconsin: Cecelia Zorn, Professor, Nursing, University of Wisconsin- Bau Claire

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to congratulate fellow Hoosiers Mr. James Adams and Dr. Dennis C. Jacobs on their recent selection as Professors of the Year. It is a major accomplishment as only four awards are given out nationally, one for each classification of institution. Mr. Adams was recognized as Outstanding Baccalaureate College Professor of the Year and Dr. Jacobs was recognized as Outstanding Research and Doctoral University Professor of the Year. I am particularly proud, Mr. President, because Mr. Adams and Dr. Jacobs are two of four national Professors of the Year, and my home state of Indiana is the home for both. Both Mr. Adams and Dr. Jacobs represent the very best in higher education and Hoosier values. Mr. James Adams is a professor of art at Manchester College in North Manchester, Indiana. During 42 years at Manchester, Mr. Adams has taught in the Art, English, Music, and Spanish departments, driven by his interest in new technologies, integrating service with learning, and interdisciplinary approaches to subjects. He has truly set an example to the rest of the teaching community. In addition, Mr. Adams has been an exchange professor to Germany and Spain, and was instrumental in creating study-abroad programs on his campus. His international interest has also led him to supervise an Indiana University summer program in England, serve as faculty-in- residence for DePauw University in Spain, and he has conducted at least 20 student tours to Mayan sites. Mr. James Adams' hobbies have also brought him success. He is a practicing painter and photographer who has exhibited throughout the United States and in England, Mexico, and Spain. A contributor to his community, Mr. Adams is a frequent lecturer at the Fort Wayne Museum of Art, and he also does pro bono work with the local Department of Motor Vehicles office, serving as a translator for Latino residents new to the area. Mr. Adams earned undergraduate degrees at George Washington University and the Concoran School of Art, with a double major in Art and Modern Languages. He holds a Master of Fine Arts at the Instituo Allende, which is affiliated with the University of Guanajuato, Mexico, and he spent three years at the Ruskin School of Art at Oxford University. Dr. Dennis C. Jacobs is a professor of chemistry at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. At Notre Dame, he has won several teaching awards and the Presidential Award for dedicated service to the University. His contribution to the learning community is evident. In 1999, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching named him a Carnegie Scholar largely for completely redesigning an important introductory chemistry class. The redesign led to greater student success and engagement, and the course is considered a leading example of the trend toward peer-led curricula. This is a remarkable accomplishment. Dr. Jacobs has also combined chemistry and service learning, creating a course in which students and community partners evaluate lead contamination in area homes. He is also a Fellow with the Center for Social Concerns, focusing on other methods of integrating community service into the curriculum. His work has earned him great respect in his community. One of his colleagues has described him as ``the kind of teacher who never stops growing, thinking, and changing.'' Dennis Jacobs earned undergraduate degrees at the University of California at Irvine in physics and chemistry and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry at Stanford University. national winners Outstanding Baccalaureate Colleges: James Adams, Professor, Art, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN Outstanding Community Colleges: Alicia Juarrero, Professor, Philosophy, Prince George's Community College, Largo, MD Outstanding Doctor and Research Universities: Dennis Jacobs, Professor, Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN Outstanding Master's Universities and Colleges: Francisco Jimenez, Director of Ethnic Studies Program and Fay Boyle, Professor in the department of Modern Languages and Literatures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA state winners Alabama: Natalie Davis, Professor, Political Science, Birmingham- Southern College Alaska: Steven Johnson, Assistant Professor and Director of Debate, University of Alaska Anchorage Arizona: Christopher Impey, Professor, Astronomy, University of Arizona Arkansas: Gay Stewart, Associate Professor, Physics, University of Arkansas California: Cecilia Conrad, Associate Professor, Economics, Pamona College Colorado: Aaron Byerley, Professor, Aeronautical Engineering, United States Air Forces Academy Connecticut: Bruce Saulnier, Associate Professor, Computer Information Systems District of Columbia: James A. Miller, Professor, English and American Studies, The George Washington University Florida: Llewellyn M. Ehrhart, Professor, Biology, University of Central Florida Georgia: Evelyn Dandy, Professor and Director of Pathways, Education, University of Central Florida Idaho: Todd Shallat, Professor, History, Boise State University Illinois: Nancy Beck Young, Associate Professor, History, McKendree College Indiana: Leah H. Jamieson, Professor and Co-director of EPICS Program, Purdue University Iowa: Herman Blake, Professor, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Iowa State University Kansas: Peer Moore-Jansen, Associate Professor, Anthropology, Wichita State University Kentucky: John J. Furlong, Professor, Philosophy, Transylvania University Louisiana: Kay C. Dee, Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University Maine: Keith W. Hutchinson, Professor, Biochemistry, University of Maine Maryland: Spencer Benson, Associate Professor, University of Maryland College Park Massachusetts: Judith Miller, Professor, Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Michigan: Mark Francek, Professor, Central Michigan University Minnesota: Robin Hasslen, Professor, Child and Family Studies, St. Cloud State University Mississippi: Robert McElvaine, Professor, Arts and Letters, Millsaps College Missouri: Anthony Vazzana, Assistant Professor, Mathematics, Truman State University Montana: Esther L. England, Professor, Music, The University of Montana-Missoula Nebraska: James H. Wiest, Professor, Sociology, Hastings College New Hampshire: Davina M. Brown, Professor, Psychology, Franklin Pierce College New Jersey: Thomas Heed, Associate Professor of Accounting, New Mexico State University New York: George J. Searles, Professor, Humanities, Mohawk Valley Community College North Carolina: Richard A. Huber, Associate Professor, Curricular Studies, The University of North Carolina at Wilmington North Dakota: Lorraine Willoughby, Associate Professor, Minot State University Ohio: Dorothy Salem, Professor, History, Cuyahoga Community College Oklahoma: Christopher Oehrlein, Professor, Mathematics, Oklahoma City Community College Oregon: Nicole Aas-Rouxparis, Professor, French, Lewis and Clark Pennsylvania: Roseanne Hofmann, Professor, Mathematics, Montgomery County Community College South Carolina: Fred C. James, Professor, Biology, Presbyterian College Tennessee: Donald Potter Jr., Professor, Geology, University of the South Utah: Jan Sojka, Professor, Physics, Utah State University Vermont: Andrie Kusserow, Assistant Professor, Sociology/ Anthropology, Saint Michael's College Washington: Suzanne Wilson Barnett, Professor, History, University of Puget Sound West Virginia: Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Associate Professor, History, West Virginia University Wisconsin: Cecelia Zorn, Professor, Nursing, University of Wisconsin- Bau Claire

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I begin by thanking our colleague from Massachusetts for his impassioned advocacy of this important issue. It is a cause that both the Chair and I support wholeheartedly. The Senator from Massachusetts has been a tireless advocate of raising the minimum wage for many years. It is my privilege to join with him. This is an issue whose time has come. It needs to be done, and we need a sense of urgency for those on the other side of the aisle and this administration. I thank my colleague once again. Mr. President, let me share some thoughts about the importance of extending coverage for the unemployed in our country. Given the weakness of our economy, I think this is a critically important issue that will help millions of our fellow citizens who are suffering unemployment through no fault of their own. It is also an important component of a coherent economic strategy to get America working again. As you and others know all too well, the economy is weak, people are out of work, we need leadership to get the economy moving, people back to employment, and to help those who have suffered unemployment, putting money back into people's pockets to put it back into the economy to create jobs and growth. Extending unemployment benefits is an important part of that strategy, an idea whose time has come, a lot like raising the minimum wage. The economy is not doing well. Unemployment has risen. Long-term unemployment in September was 1.6 million working men and women. Household income for the typical family has fallen for the first time in a decade. Home foreclosures have reached a 30-year high. Poverty rates across America rose last year. Regrettably, the economy seems unlikely to reverse its sluggish course anytime soon. Manufacturing has slowed. Retail sales are weak. Capital investment has declined. Foreign demand for American goods and services is stalled. As a result, job creation actually declined last year. Many Americans are hard hit, and others are worried they will be next. Mr. President, 1.1 million Americans had exhausted their unemployment benefits as of August. This figure is expected to double to 2.2 million hard-working Americans as soon as December--regrettably, just in time for the Christmas season. In my own home State of Indiana, we have not been unaffected. Twenty- one thousand hard-working Hoosiers have exhausted unemployment benefits as of August. This figure will more than double to 45,000 by December. There is no State in the Union that is unaffected by this unfortunate state of affairs. These Americans need a helping hand. I want to emphasize that it is not only the compassionate thing to do, but it is the economically sensible thing to do as well, because not only are we helping individuals who are in need, we are also helping the economy get back on its feet and thereby helping all Americans, be they employed or unemployed. We need stimulus for job growth and economic expansion. These benefits will be used for consumer spending. Economists have long recognized that helping those who are unemployed leads directly to added demand in the economy. Labor Department statistics, in fact, indicate that there is a significant multiplier effect. For every $1 that goes into unemployment benefits, a full $2.15 is added to the gross domestic product. By any definition, $1 into $2.15 of increase to the gross domestic product is a good investment for the American people. Consumers are stressed right now. They have high levels of debt. They have tapped into their home equity at rates that could be unsustainable. The tax cut of last year has run its course. There are other reasons to believe consumers may be cutting back on their purchases. Adding about $17 billion to consumption through extending unemployment benefits will help the consumers maintain their course, allowing the economy to hang in there until capital investment comes back and demand from abroad picks up. What is more, we can afford this at this time. It is fiscally sustainable and responsible. There is more than $27 billion currently in the unemployment trust fund, more than sufficient to cover the costs extending unemployment benefits, as I and others are proposing. So this will not mean an increase in the annual deficit or in America's debt. We can do what is right for individuals, what is right for the economy, and do so in a fiscally responsible way. I ask that we adopt this measure. It will extend unemployment benefits eligibility by 13 additional weeks for every State across the Union. It will add an additional 7 weeks for those States with the highest rates of unemployment and adjust the trigger mechanism to expand eligibility to make sure that the reality of unemployment across the Nation is reflected in the law. Also, I ask for a new sense of urgency from this administration when it comes to promoting economic growth. The last time I was privileged to speak to my colleagues on the floor it was to call for support of the President's initiative and resolution with regard to Iraq. We generated substantial bipartisan support for that resolution. I ask the administration and our colleagues on the other side of the aisle to bring that same sense of urgency and bipartisan cooperation to the cause of improving our domestic economy. After all, in the long run it is the foundation upon which our national security is built. There is precedent for these steps. The President's own father took these steps back in the early 1990s, expanding unemployment eligibility by the same number of weeks, including the same mechanism for determining eligibility. That proposal at that time passed by 94 to 2. It was the right thing to do to get the economy moving in the early 1990s. It is the right thing today. It received overwhelming bipartisan support at that time. It will receive, if we can get a vote, overwhelming bipartisan support today. It was advocated by the first President Bush. It is a cause this President Bush should also embrace to promote economic growth. I ask we move forward with this initiative and that the President demonstrate he is truly the compassionate conservative that he campaigned to be. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of Calendar No. 619, S. 3009, a bill to provide for a 13-week extension of unemployment compensation; that the bill be read three times, passed, and the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table without intervening action or debate.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Madam President, I would say three things to my colleague. First, I believe he is correct. I think there was an initial impression that our Government had a preference for unilateral action, perhaps without exhausting every other alternative. I do not believe that to be true. We have begun to correct that. I should compliment my colleague from the State of Indiana, Senator Lugar, who played an important role in convincing the administration to reach out and pursue other alternatives with the U.N. and our allies. The Senator from Arizona has raised two very good points. When I go home, people say to me: We understand the danger and we wish it didn't have to come to war. That is a reluctance that I share. My response would be, looking at the brutal nature of his regime, and Saddam Hussein's history, I believe the best chance to remove the weapons, without coming to war, is to present him with a credible ultimatum. That is what we are doing here. People also say: Senator, we wish we were not in it alone, and that we had the U.N. with us and more allies with us. As my colleague knows--and I think we share this belief--my strong conviction is that our best chance to gather that support is through strong American leadership. Only then will the U.N. and our allies rally to our side, when we show our own determination. So the best chance for a peaceful outcome, the best chance for a united front with our allies and with the imprimatur of the U.N., I believe, is by giving a strong hand to the President to present Saddam Hussein with no alternative; and when I have a chance to relay that to the people of Indiana, they understand. Nobody wants war, but they understand this is the best avenue to avoid that, while also ensuring the security of our country.

Mr. BAYH. Yes.

Mr. BAYH. Yes.

Mr. BAYH. Thank you, Madam President. It is good to be with you today. I am reassured by your presence. And I am grateful for the support of the Senator from Louisiana for our resolution. It is an honor and privilege for me to join today with my distinguished colleagues, Senator Warner, Senator McCain, and my good friend, Senator Lieberman, in support of this resolution granting the President of the United States the authority to defend our country. Madam President, I support this resolution not because I favor a resort to war but because I believe this resolution gives our country the best chance to maintain peace. I support this resolution not because I favor America acting unilaterally, unless we must, but because I believe this resolution gives us the best opportunity to rally our allies and convince the United Nations to act with us, and in so doing give that international institution meaning for the resolutions that it adopts. I favor this resolution because in a world where we have rogue regimes possessing weapons of mass death, and suicidal terrorists who are all too eager to use them against us, weapons of that nature in the hands of a regime such as Saddam Hussein's represents an unacceptable risk to the safety and well-being of the American people. As much as I wish we could ignore this threat, it is my heartfelt conviction that in all conscience we cannot. Finally, along with my colleagues, I support this resolution because I believe we must learn the terrible lessons from the tragedy of September 11, foremost among which is that we waited too long to address the gathering danger in Afghanistan. If we had acted sooner, perhaps--just perhaps--we could have saved 3,000 innocent lives: men, women, and children. We waited too long to act. Let us not make that mistake again. Unfortunately, in dealing with Saddam Hussein and the regime of Iraq, we are dealing with a brutal dictator who understands one thing, and one thing only: either the threat of force or the use of force. We have tried everything else. We have tried economic sanctions for years, to no avail. We have tried diplomacy for over a decade. It has availed us nothing. We do not have the covert means presently to deal with this tyrant. And so as my colleagues have indicated, there is nothing left to us to defend ourselves except an ultimatum to Saddam: Disarm or else. For those who believe we can remove the weapons of mass destruction from this regime without the credible threat of the use of force, I regrettably must say they are engaged in wishful thinking. It is my heartfelt conviction that the best and only chance we have for a peaceful resolution to this problem, for him to give up these instruments of mass death, is to present him with a credible ultimatum that the survival of his regime depends upon doing so, that any other course of action will lead to his overthrow, and that alone will preserve the peace, the safety, and the security of our country. I believe this course presents us with the best opportunity to rally our allies and convince the United Nations to act with us. We should make every effort--as Senator McCain indicated in his colloquy with Senator Lieberman and as the President indicated last night--to convince the United Nations and our allies of the justice of our cause. We are stronger when we act together, so we must seek a consensus for this course of action. Unfortunately, the United Nations has a long history of equivocation when it comes to taking difficult steps to enforce even its own resolutions. Our allies, as much as we cherish their support, also have a mixed record in this regard. Need I remind the Senate that for too long we waited while genocide was perpetrated on the very doorstep of Europe in Bosnia and Kosovo? It was only when the United States of America demonstrated a willingness to take action to bring that lamentable chapter to a conclusion that the United Nations and our allies demonstrated the will to act with us. It is only through strong leadership, leadership by the United States, that we will preserve the peace, rally our allies, and convince the United Nations to enforce its own resolutions. If these efforts avail us not, it is my heartfelt conviction that weapons of mass death in the hands of a brutal dictator such as Saddam Hussein, combined with the presence of suicidal terrorist organizations that would all too eagerly use these instruments of mass destruction against us, represent an unacceptable risk for the safety and well-being of the American people. I hope Saddam will do the right thing. I pray that he will do the right thing and give up these weapons of mass destruction. Regrettably, based upon the track record of his past behavior, I believe he probably will not. Weapons of mass destruction represent an indispensable part of his power. Saddam Hussein is a megalomaniac who has attempted to project that power around the region. As we all know, he invaded Kuwait. He has invaded Iran. He has launched missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel. He has killed hundreds of thousands, including tens of thousands of his fellow citizens. I ask my colleagues to anticipate a world in which we do not act. What will Saddam do? Can there be much doubt that he will attempt to develop the ability to deter our future action by threatening us with the use of weapons of mass destruction? I believe there is not. If he cannot develop this deterrent on his own, I believe there is little doubt he will reach out to al-Qaida or Hezbollah or other international institutions of terrorism to develop a deterrent to threaten us, with unacceptable consequences, if in the future we decide to restrain his aggressive actions. If there is only a 10-percent chance or a 15-percent chance that weapons of mass death will find their way from Iraq into the hands of suicidal terrorists, I believe this is a risk to the American people that we cannot afford to run. The world changed forever on September 11. The principal lesson of that tragedy is that America waited too long to address the gathering danger in Afghanistan. We must not make that mistake again. To those who say, what is the rush? why can't we wait? I respond by asking the question: How long must we wait? Until the missiles have been launched? Until smallpox, anthrax, or VX nerve agent has found its way into our country? Is that how long we should wait? The consequences of error in this instance are much too great. The deaths next time might not be numbered in the threes of thousands but 30,000 or 300,000. To respond to the question of my friend from Connecticut, in all likelihood Saddam Hussein possesses smallpox. We are not sure whether he has weaponized it yet. There is a 50/50 proposition. But if he has and if that would find its way into our country, which would not be too difficult to accomplish, the consequences would be catastrophic. We conducted a simulated exercise of a smallpox attack--I believe it was called Dark Winter--simulating a smallpox outbreak put into a ventilation system in a mall in Oklahoma City. The consequences were catastrophic: Tens of thousands of deaths, hundreds of thousands of illnesses; civil law broke down. These are the kinds of consequences that would be all too real were we to stay our hand. I remind my colleagues that in a world of imperfect intelligence--and there will always be imperfect intelligence--if we wait, we run the very real risk of having waited too long. We have seen the kind of tragedy to which that can lead. I ask all of us to consider, if this debate had been conducted 2 years ago and my colleagues and I had laid a resolution upon this desk that said, there is danger brewing in Afghanistan, it threatens the United States of America, we need to take it seriously, and we must act before it is too late, all of the arguments that are being made against the current resolution would also have been made at that time. As we now know, the arguments have all been mistaken. They are mistaken today as well. To those who say the threat is not imminent, after 9/11, how long can we afford to wait? To those who say regime change is not an appropriate reason for acting, I say weapons of mass destruction and the regime of Saddam Hussein are one and indivisible. To remove weapons of mass destruction, we must remove that regime. To think anything else is to delude ourselves. For those who believe the United Nations' approval is necessary for our action, I say it is preferential but we cannot afford to give that great body veto power on America's right to defend itself. To those who say we need allied support, I agree. But this is an argument of the chicken and the egg. It is only with American leadership and taking a strong hand in this instance that we will receive the kind of united allied support we seek. To those who ask the question, What will we do after our victory? I say that is a good question, but can the regime in Iraq be worse? I think not. We could begin to rebuild that country in a way that would provide a positive example to the people of that region about the principles and the ideals upon which America stands. Our eventual victory in the war against terror will be won as much by the values and the principles we embrace and advocate as by the force of our arms. This gives us an opportunity to put those principles and values into action. To those who say we must exhaust all of our alternatives before acting, I simply say that we already have. In conclusion, let me summarize by saying this: I and my colleagues support this resolution not because we desire war but because it is our heartfelt conviction that this is the best and only path to preserve the peace. My colleagues and I support this resolution not because we favor the U.S. acting alone, but because we know that, by taking a strong stand, it gives us the best opportunity to garner U.N. support and to rally our allies to our side. We support this resolution because we believe that the lesson learned, very painfully and so tragically by our country on September 11 of last year, is that we wait in an era of mass terror at our peril. We were mistaken then; let us not be mistaken again. Let us act to protect our country and, in so doing, discharge our constitutional duty. It is my privilege and honor to do so in such esteemed company. I yield the floor.

Mr. BAYH. I thank my colleague. Our State is known as the crossroads of America. With my colleagues' States, I believe we represent the common sense and wisdom of the American people. On my visits home, and in communications from constituents, there has been an expression of concern about our present set of circumstances. I must say to my friend that it is a concern that I share. I did not come easily to the conclusion that we have collectively reached. There is reluctance in my heart, as I know there is in the other Senators', to contemplate the use of force. But I reached the conclusion that we were simply left with no other credible alternative to protect the safety and well-being of the American people. As you indicated in your colloquy with Senator Lieberman, and as I indicated in my own remarks, and the President spoke to last evening, I hope beyond anything else that this does not come to war; that the use of force will not be necessary. But I also believe that the best chance to achieve that outcome is the credible threat of the use of force. Saddam Hussein responds to nothing else. If he does not disarm voluntarily--as I hope he will, and we all pray he will--I have also concluded that his possession of weapons of mass death, and the real likelihood that he will develop the capability for using them against us to deter us from restraining him at some future point, or the risk of those weapons--nuclear, biological, chemical weapons--falling into the hands of suicidal terrorists represent too great a risk to our country. As I tried to outline in my remarks, I believe the principal lesson-- and I asked this question to the head of the CIA: What is the principal lesson we learned from 9/11? He responded directly and said the principal lesson was that we waited too long to address the gathering threat in Afghanistan. So I am convinced we should act sooner rather than later to defend our country because we have seen the terrible consequences that can result. For all those reasons, I have reached the conclusion that this resolution is necessary.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to speak in support of legislation I have been working on with Senator Landrieu to ensure our foster care youth are provided every opportunity to develop into bright, capable adults and become productive and valuable members of our society. The Foster Care Mentoring Act will help provide a foster care child with a role model, tutor and friend. Although there are several concerns with the administration of our child welfare system, this bill is one way we can immediately provide necessary relief and guidance to children who have been the victims of abuse and neglect. This legislation takes a necessary step toward providing these children with a healthy stable environment. There are over half a million children in the nation's foster care system, 7,482 children in Indiana alone. As the guardian of these children, the government should take all possible steps to help them overcome their barriers. As a result of the abuse foster care children have experienced, they are less likely to trust adults, create healthy relationships, and perform academically. Mentors will help them establish trusting relationships, assist them with their school work, and develop emotionally. Mentors will remind foster care youth that they are wanted members of our society who deserve every opportunity to achieve their dreams. Mentors have proven to have positive impacts on the youth they mentor. Children that have mentors have better relationships with adults, fewer disciplinary referrals, and more confidence to achieve their goals. Research shows that caring adults can make a difference in children's lives: 46 percent of mentored teens are less likely to use drugs; 59 percent of mentored teens have better academic performance; 73 percent of mentored teens achieve higher goals generally. The Foster Care Mentoring Act authorizes $15 million a year to ensure that each mentor receives the appropriate training, makes a long-term commitment to the program, and fulfills educational requirements to mentor foster care youth. Mentoring foster care youth is another way young citizens can serve their country. This bill would reward those who take time to assist those in need. Each college-bound individual will have $2,000 forgiven from their student loans for every 200 hours they serve as a mentor to a foster care child. States will have the flexibility to coordinate with already existing programs to create mentor-child partnerships. In addition, the legislation would provide $4 million a year for the creation and administration of a national hotline and website to coordinate mentoring efforts. Although we should work together to ensure each child in the foster care system is placed in a loving, stable, safe, and permanent home, in the meantime we can at least provide them with a guiding friend. I look forward to working with my colleagues to implement this important legislation.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to speak in support of legislation I have been working on with Senator Landrieu to ensure our foster care youth are provided every opportunity to develop into bright, capable adults and become productive and valuable members of our society. The Foster Care Mentoring Act will help provide a foster care child with a role model, tutor and friend. Although there are several concerns with the administration of our child welfare system, this bill is one way we can immediately provide necessary relief and guidance to children who have been the victims of abuse and neglect. This legislation takes a necessary step toward providing these children with a healthy stable environment. There are over half a million children in the nation's foster care system, 7,482 children in Indiana alone. As the guardian of these children, the government should take all possible steps to help them overcome their barriers. As a result of the abuse foster care children have experienced, they are less likely to trust adults, create healthy relationships, and perform academically. Mentors will help them establish trusting relationships, assist them with their school work, and develop emotionally. Mentors will remind foster care youth that they are wanted members of our society who deserve every opportunity to achieve their dreams. Mentors have proven to have positive impacts on the youth they mentor. Children that have mentors have better relationships with adults, fewer disciplinary referrals, and more confidence to achieve their goals. Research shows that caring adults can make a difference in children's lives: 46 percent of mentored teens are less likely to use drugs; 59 percent of mentored teens have better academic performance; 73 percent of mentored teens achieve higher goals generally. The Foster Care Mentoring Act authorizes $15 million a year to ensure that each mentor receives the appropriate training, makes a long-term commitment to the program, and fulfills educational requirements to mentor foster care youth. Mentoring foster care youth is another way young citizens can serve their country. This bill would reward those who take time to assist those in need. Each college-bound individual will have $2,000 forgiven from their student loans for every 200 hours they serve as a mentor to a foster care child. States will have the flexibility to coordinate with already existing programs to create mentor-child partnerships. In addition, the legislation would provide $4 million a year for the creation and administration of a national hotline and website to coordinate mentoring efforts. Although we should work together to ensure each child in the foster care system is placed in a loving, stable, safe, and permanent home, in the meantime we can at least provide them with a guiding friend. I look forward to working with my colleagues to implement this important legislation.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise today to honor a fellow Hoosier, Indiana State Representative, retired farmer, teacher, mother and loving wife, Claire Leuck, who will be retiring from the Indiana legislature this year. Representative Leuck, who was first elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 1986, has worked tirelessly to improve the lives of Hoosiers from all walks of life. As a representative of District 25, Claire was a voice for rural communities and worked in a bipartisan manner. Prior to her service in the legislature, Claire served as the Benton County Clerk from 1974-1982. As chair of the House Agriculture Committee, she advocated for the interests and needs of the agricultural community, giving farmers a voice and enabling family farms to retain a vital role in the Indiana economy. Claire has worked to increase funding for rural schools and improve the quality of rural life. She has devoted her energies to improve health care by authoring legislation that created the CHOICE home health care program for the elderly. Claire has continually worked to secure state funding for Lakes Shafer and Freeman, allowing these lakes to remain safe and friendly destinations for tourists. She has also worked on behalf of veteran's interests to ensure that local veterans had the necessary means and equipment to pay tribute to their fallen friends. Claire's outstanding work in the Indiana House of Representatives was acknowledged by House leadership when she was appointed to the powerful House Ways and Means Committee. During my time as Governor, I had the privilege to work with Representative Leuck to balance Indiana's budget, cut taxes for Hoosier families, increase funding for Indiana's public schools and protect Indiana's natural resources. Everyone that has ever encountered Representative Leuck knows she exemplifies her famous campaign slogan ``everybody likes Claire.'' Along with her husband Richard, Claire's strong dedication to the State of Indiana is evident in the work she accomplished during her tenure in the legislature. She is to be commended for her 16 years of service to her community, her district and her State.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. I thank the Chair. Madam President, I am pleased to join with my colleagues today on a bipartisan basis to authorize the President of the United States to use appropriate force to defend the national security interests of our country. I join in this effort with a sense of regret that events have come to this. No one can contemplate the use of military force with much satisfaction, but I also approach this debate with the firm conviction that the time has come to unite, to take those steps that are necessary to protect our country, including the use of force, because all other avenues have been exhausted and seem unlikely to lead to the result of protecting the American people. Iraq presents a very significant potential threat to our country. Saddam Hussein possesses chemical, biological, and some day will possess, if events are allowed to run their course, nuclear weapons. If there is one thing we can say with absolute certainty, it is he is developing these weapons for no benign purpose. He does not need them to retain his power within Iraq, but in all likelihood will use these terrible weapons to project that power, to intimidate other states in the region, and potentially one day for use against us as well. If there is even a 10 or 15-percent chance of smallpox or anthrax or a crude nuclear device could one day be placed in the hands of suicidal terrorists for use against the United States of America, this is a risk we cannot afford to run. We have attempted diplomacy without effect. We have attempted economic sanctions to no effect. Regrettably, my colleagues and I have concluded the President needs the authorization to use force to protect our country from this sort of eventuality. Of course, we will continue to negotiate with the United Nations. Of course, we will gather our allies. But the time has come to unite, to do what it takes to defend our country. I am pleased to join with my colleagues, Senators Warner, McCain, and Lieberman, in giving the President the authority he needs to do exactly that. I thank the Chair. I yield the floor.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, next year America will celebrate the bicentennial of the cross-country expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. With what became known as the Corps of Discovery, Lewis and Clark embarked on an epic journey to chart an overland route to the Pacific Ocean, developing a record of its native people and resources. They catalogued varieties of never before seen plant and animal life. In fact, their expedition is seen as a critical precursor to America's great movement to the West. Less known, but of no less significance to the expedition, are the historic events that occurred at the outset of the journey. I rise today, with my colleague from Indiana, Senator Lugar, to introduce legislation that recognizes the importance of these events by adding the Falls of the Ohio, in Clarksville, IN and Louisville, KY, to the sites honored and preserved by inclusion on the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. Many historians have detailed the fact that it was the Falls of the Ohio, in Clarksville, IN, that Meriwether Lewis and William Clark met and formed their famous partnership. It was there that they spent 12 days recruiting and enlisting members for their Western expedition in Louisville and southern Indiana for the Corps of Discovery. Ultimately they selected nine men from the area. After establishing their crew, Lewis and Clark set out for the West on the Ohio River from Clarksville on October 26, 1803. One of the many accounts of the formation of the Corps of Discovery is included in historian Stephen E. Ambrose's work on the expedition, Undaunted Courage. Mr. Ambrose writes that: ``At the foot of the rapids, on the north bank, was Clarksville, Indiana Territory. . . . On October 15, Lewis hired local pilots, who took the boat and pirogues into the dangerous but passable passage on the north bank. Safely through, Lewis tied up at Clarksville and set off to meet his partner.'' ``When they shook hands, the Lewis and Clark expedition began.'' And Ambrose continues: ``Word has spread up and down the Ohio, and inland, and young men longing for adventure and ambitious for a piece of land of their own set out for Clarksville to sign up . . . Those selected were sworn into the army in solemn ceremony, in the presence of General Clark, and the Corps of Discovery was born.'' The National Park Service agreed with Mr. Ambrose and other historical sources that the events at the Falls of the Ohio are of important historical significance. The National Park Service certified the Falls of the Ohio State Park as an official site associated with the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. My legislation would simply reiterate the Park Service's conclusion that the events at the Falls of the Ohio are a significant part of the history of the Lewis and Clark expedition and would include the Falls of the Ohio among the areas designated for recognition on the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. The National Council of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial designated the Falls of the Ohio as the second signature event of the bicentennial, which will be held in October 2003. The Falls of the Ohio is an integral part of the Lewis and Clark story, which will be uniquely celebrated next year. It is my hope that we can move quickly to pass this legislation to insure that the recognition occurs in time for the much anticipated 200th anniversary of the trail. That way the citizens of Clarksville and Louisville can honor and preserve their local heritage and all students of history can fully follow in the footsteps of Lewis and Clark and experience the birth of the Corps of Discovery at the Falls of the Ohio.

Mr. BAYH

Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, today I honor the life of a fellow Hoosier, physician, civic leader and distinguished businessman, Dr. Frank P. Lloyd Sr., who passed away on August 27, 2002. As those who knew Dr. Lloyd would attest, his strong commitment to the city of Indianapolis was reflected in his successful and distinguished career. Mr. Sam H. Jones, president of the Indianapolis Urban League referred to him as ``a giant among men, not just African- American men, but a giant among men, period.'' State Representative William Crawford called Dr. Lloyd ``a Renaissance Man who always provided an inspirational voice.'' And U.S. Congresswoman Julia Carson, who knew Dr. Lloyd for nearly 40 years, referred to her dear friend as ``a man who went around doing so many beautiful and positive things in such a quiet way.'' Dr. Lloyd worked for Methodist Hospital for 25 years, beginning as director of medical research and retiring as president. During his time at Methodist, the hospital became the first non-university hospital in the Nation to offer heart transplants and one of the very few to be approved for Jarvik-7 artificial heart implantation. He taught at Indiana University, Purdue University, and Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he authored several medical textbooks. Without question, Dr. Lloyd was and will always be regarded as one of Indianapolis's most influential and dedicated civic leaders. He was the catalyst in various accomplishments, such as the creation of the White River State Park, the Indiana Sports Corporation and the Indianapolis Circle City Classic. His ability to build bridges between corporate America and the community were without equal. Dr. Lloyd founded the former Midwest National Bank, where he was the Chairman of the Board and CEO. He was also the Chairman of the Midwest National Corporation and majority owner for a time of a local Indianapolis radio station, WTLC-FM. In addition to his corporate success, Dr. Lloyd served on the boards of various civic and charitable organizations, including the Center for Legislative Improvement, Indiana Bell Telephone Co., Goodwill Industries Foundation of Central Indiana, Inc., United Way of Greater Indianapolis, CTS and the Urban League of Indianapolis. Dr. Lloyd is survived by his children, Shelley Lloyd Hankinson, Dr. Frank P. Lloyd Jr., Dr. Riley P. Lloyd, and Karen Ann Lloyd Jenkins; a sister, Annie Jackson; and seven grandchildren. Dr. Frank P. Lloyd was a true leader and humanitarian that the city of Indianapolis, the State or Indiana, and the Nation will miss tremendously. I commend the late Dr. Frank P. Lloyd Sr. for his lifelong service to our Nation.