Ben Campbell

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that S. 150, a bill to authorize an entrance fee surcharge at the Grand Canyon National Park and S. 340, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study concerning equity regarding entrance, tourism, and recreational fees for the use of Federal lands and facilities have been deleted from the agenda of bills to be heard at the hearing scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on Thursday, September 12, 1996, at 9:30 a.m., in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161. committee on energy and natural resources

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, September 19, 1996, at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 1539, a bill to establish the Los Caminos del Rio National Heritage area along the Lower Rio Grande Texas-Mexico border; S. 1583, a bill to establish the Lower Eastern Shore American Heritage area; S. 1785, a bill to establish in the Department of the Interior the Essex National Heritage Commission; and S. 1808, a bill to amend the act of October 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 915), as amended, establishing a program for the preservation of additional historic property throughout the Nation. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161.

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, September 12, 1996 at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 150, a bill to authorize an entrance fee surcharge at the Grand Canyon National Park; S. 340, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study concerning equity regarding entrance, tourism, and recreational fees for the use of Federal lands and facilities; and S. 1695, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to assess up to $2 per person visiting the Grand Canyon or other national park to secure bonds for capital improvements to the park. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161. Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I take this opportunity to recognize the 120th anniversary of Colorado statehood. My home State has a rich and colorful history, having sustained itself as a mecca of cultural diversity, a geographic wonder, and the birthplace of numerous great men and women. Colorado made several attempts at statehood, one in 1863 and another in 1866, before a convention was held in December 1875 to draft a third constitution for the people's ratification. On August 1, 1876, Colorado was finally admitted to the Union as the 38th State. It was titled the Centennial State for gaining admittance during the centenary of our Nation's independence. Colorado was a progressive young State, leading the race to erect institutions of higher education, develop advances in mining and agriculture, and most notably, politics. In 1893, less than a generation after its admittance, Colorado became the second State to grant suffrage to women. Since its inception, the State of Colorado has continued to welcome people of all origins and serve as a source of progress and equality. Colorado is home to two American Indian tribes, the Southern Ute and the Ute Mountain Tribes. The Ute Indians are Colorado's chief representatives of Shoshonean ancestry, and are the only tribe indigenous to Colorado. The Southern Ute reservation, of more than 300,000 acres, has spanned the southwestern corner of Colorado since 1868. The Ute Mountain Reservation occupies just under 600,000 acres in the far southwestern corner of the State, overlapping its borders with Utah and New Mexico. Both tribes have laid their economic foundation on the land they inhabit, honoring it with memorials and symbolic events. While these tangible signs of reverence are a treasured part of Colorado's identity, the traditions of trust, respect, and honor are the true gift of these tribes to Colorado. The geographic splendors of Colorado are simply breathtaking. I will never tire of the raw beauty of my State. From the mountains to the Grand Canyon to the massive expanse of virgin forests, Colorado may well be one of the most beautiful places on Earth. I know my sense of pride is shared by Coloradans and others alike. While there is greatness in the history, culture, and land of Colorado, there is a shared greatness in many individuals hailing from the State. One woman is particular proved herself to be truly heroic to Colorado and the rest of the Nation. As a teacher, scientist, and humanitarian, Dr. Florence Rena Sabin was a pioneer for all women in the field of medicine, playing a critical role in the drafting and implementation of the Sabin Health Laws in the State. Her ground- breaking accomplishments earned her one of Colorado's two places in Statuary Hall in the U.S. Capitol, one of the Nation's highest honors. Just this summer, the Colorado General Assembly designated that a statue of the Honorable John L. ``Jack'' Swigert, Jr., join Dr. Sabin in Statuary Hall. As a patriot to his country and a leader in the State, Jack Swigert is considered one of Colorado's most courageous and renowned citizens. As command module pilot of the Apollo 13 Mission, Jack Swigert carried out a heroic maneuver and saved the lives of his crew as he piloted the damaged spacecraft safely to Earth. The work of Jack Swigert has made a staggering contribution of Colorado's 120 years of excellence, setting the State apart in space operations and planetary environmental technology. Aviation has been a field of continued outstanding achievement for the State of Colorado. Six years ago, the Colorado Aviation Hall of Fame welcomed another inductee, George ``Gib'' Nesbitt, for his remarkable contribution to improving aviation in Colorado and nationwide. His dedication to teaching people to fly safely spanned two decades and today serves as a benchmark by which all other flight instructors are measured. Having begun his flying career as a teenager, he went on to serve as flight commander in World War II, where teaching young Army and Air Force cadets soon became his focus. He personally transformed two primitive air strips in rural Colorado into functional airports capable of opening vast segments of the State to air travel. The residents, businesses and visitors of Colorado will continue to benefit from his contributions. The philanthropic efforts of one individual and his family have also left a lasting impression on Colorado's business and arts communities, children, and troubled populations. Bill Coors, chairman and president of Adolph Coors Co., is the senior employee at Coors with over 57 years of service. His contributions to the industry range from the introduction of now widely consumed products, to innovations in the technology and production of numerous industry standards. Bill Coors has been touted as a visionary in the areas of employee wellness and health care. Businesses, organizations and communities within the State and across the Nation have looked to the work of Bill Coors as a model to follow, a standard to meet. Mr. Coors has lent his support in the areas of higher education, providing his expertise in business and community cooperatives. He has actively cultivated youth groups and associations accessed by children from across the country. His support of the arts, in a climate where the riches of our history and culture are considered an expense, has been instrumental to Colorado's continued recognition of its proud heritage. Bill Coors' tremendous success makes his consistent contributions to the State of Colorado that much more honorable. He is truly a man of integrity, whose devotion to the citizens of Colorado will continue to serve the State for generations. I would be remiss if I did not mention the timely accomplishments of our Colorado Olympians. Although the games are still underway, there are two notable Colorado women who have touched our hearts and made us swell with pride. Amy Van Dyken will go down in the Olympic history books with her four gold medals in swimming. Susan DeMattei, competing in mountain biking, an event offered for the first time, won bronze after a grueling 22-mile trek. Mr. President, I have just skimmed the surface of the incredible achievements made by Coloradans and their State. Even after 120 years, Colorado has not slowed in its accomplishments nor tarnished in its beauty. I want to thank you for allowing me to speak for my fellow Coloradans in celebrating our 120th anniversary.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I take this opportunity to recognize the continued outstanding accomplishments of a model employment program for ex-offenders in my home State of Colorado. The Golden Door program, founded and developed by Bill Coors, president of the Coors Brewing Co., was implemented 28 years ago this month. The goal of Golden Door is to provide ex-offenders with a comprehensive program for reentry into society with a focus on employment. In addition to an employment opportunity targeting people with limited employment skills, the Golden Door program offers an education, training in personal finances, general counseling, and the stability that allows people to successfully maintain a job. Eighty percent of the participants in the Golden Door program complete it successfully and move on to assume full-time positions within the corporation. While this kind of opportunity is somewhat rare, Colorado has proven that the concept can be effectively duplicated, proving profitable to the sponsoring business, the community and the participants. Bill Coors' vision for a better community and a second change for people has left the State of Colorado with his legacy of philanthropic efforts and a solid example to which businesses, small and large alike, can aspire. It was in 1994 that I first called the attention of Congress to the Golden Door program, commending its good will and success. I also used that opportunity to express my support for the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit--now the Work Opportunity Tax Credit-- initiative, a program designed to assist smaller businesses in employing people of similar target groups. Since then, a variety of other legislative action has been taken to encourage the successful reentry of ex-offenders into society. Employment training is being institutionalized in prisons, and Congress is working to safeguard the continuation of these programs as we move through the legislative process. In addition to highlighting the ongoing success of Golden Door and the Nation's concern over reducing the rate of recidivism, I would like to recognize a sister program to Golden Door called Gateway Through the Rockies, a community partnership to reduce criminal recidivism. The El Paso County, CO, Sheriff's Department recently kicked off Gateway to provide inmates nearing release with a comprehensive program of education, counseling, work experience, social skills training and post-release support. Modeled after Golden Door, Gateway offers ex- offenders a second chance at no cost to taxpayers. Golden Door and Gateway Through the Rockies are shining examples of how communities and businesses can work together toward improving the quality of life for the community, while drastically reducing the cost we now incur by simply shuffling people in and out of the penal system. On July 11 of this year, my colleague, Senator Graham, stated in a Senate floor statement that in Florida, ``the recidivism rate among those prisoners who have been through our prison industry program is one-fifth of the recidivism rate of the population as a whole.'' These figures are impressive. It is my hope that in our effort to practice fiscal responsibility and become a less intrusive and yet more responsive government, we would make practical decisions regarding that segment of our community that has paid its debt and is capable of making a positive contribution. Programs serving as this segue simply makes sense. Mr. President, I would like to state my commitment to encouraging such programs and exploring potential legislative initiatives to facilitate community partnerships to reduce recidivism. Again, my thanks to all of the individuals, organizations and businesses for their ground-breaking contributions to community-based programs in Colorado and across the country.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Thank you, Mr. President, and I thank my friend from New Mexico. Mr. President, it is said that the great Chief Ten Bears in his later life after being deprived of his freedom by Government troops, was asked if the U.S. Government had made his people any promises. His answer was this: ``They made us many promises, more than I can remember. And they broke all but one: they promised to take our land and they took it.'' Mr. President, no matter how you sugarcoat this bitter pill--you can coat it in economic terms, you can coat it in environmental terms, you can coat it in endangered species terms but under all the sugarcoating, the bitter pill of another broken promise remains. I was not here when the Animas La Plata was authorized in 1968. Few of my colleagues were, but I knew Wayne Aspinall, the congressman of Western Colorado who had such great vision to include it in the original authorization, with both the Central Arizona Project and the Central Utah Project--of the three, only the Animas La Plata languishes. Wayne Aspinall was a man of great vision who helped the desert bloom where only parched land had been. Unlike the Senator from Wisconsin, I was here in 1988 when, after careful negotiations between the two Colorado Indian tribes, the States of Colorado and New Mexico, and nine separate Government agencies, we reached an agreement to share the scarce water in the San Juan Basin between Indians and their non-Indian neighbors. The tribes agreed to drop their lawsuit against the Federal Government, which they would have surely won since they have such ironclad priority rights in water matters, in return for a cash settlement and an agreement by this Government to proceed with a water storage project for both Indian and non-Indians to share. Two public votes were taken of all the people affected, and both the repayment contract for the water users and the compromise itself were overwhelmingly accepted by the people of southwest Colorado and northern New Mexico. Still, as in matters such as this, there will always be voices of opposition, some saying we went too far and others saying we did not go far enough. We in this body have all experienced that reaction. However, since the 1988 agreement and subsequent law that I authored which implemented the agreement, those voices of opposition have made up in shrillness what they lack in reason and fairness. Yet, even above the Sierra Club's carping, virtually every elected official from the local level to the President of the United States supports this project. In fact, President Clinton had $10 million designated in his budget for this project. President Bush supported it, as did President Reagan before him. All of the Colorado delegation, save one person, support the project and voted for the necessary appropriations on the House side. The lone Member who opposed it neither lives in Colorado nor cares about abiding by this agreement, even though she voted for it in 1988. Our Governor supports it, our attorney general supports it, and all of Colorado's major newspapers support it. I ask those who want to strip the appropriation for this project just how is the State of Colorado going to be repaid under the Feingold amendment, if it prevails, for the $30 million we have spent of taxpayers' money as our part of the agreement? Who is going to repay the almost $60 million of taxpayers' money that the Federal Government has paid both of the tribes to drop the original lawsuit? Who will pay the hundreds of Indian and non-Indian ranchers who risk losing their water rights should the tribes go back to court, win the lawsuit, and claim their rightfully owned water, thereby drying up what some say is as much as one-fourth of all non-Indian irrigated farmland in the valley? Who pays for litigation when the Department of the Interior is put in the position where the Bureau of Indian Affairs has to defend the Indian tribes against its fellow agency, the Bureau of Reclamation, for nonperformance? The answer is that the taxpayer pays untold litigation fees on both sides. While many colleagues bring charts and graphs to the floor of the Senate to emphasize a point--there seems to be a common belief in this body that if you have a graph or chart, or it is written somehow, that it automatically becomes true--I bring two objects of great reverence to traditional Indian people. These objects are from a culture that did not need protection from one another by a written contract. They represent a culture that believed your word was your bond, in which honor was held in highest esteem. They represent a culture which never broke a treaty with the U.S. Government. Traditional Indian people committed nothing to written contract and yet believed that great nations, like great men, must honor their agreements. Yet, from the time the first Indian affixed his fingerprint to the first document with the U.S. Government, which he could not read and little understood, he has learned the hard way that all too often this Government does not keep its word. This is a pipe, Mr. President. In traditional Indian beliefs, before any words of import were spoken, a pipe like this was smoked. The traditional belief is that the smoke would take your words to the Creator. One does not lie or break his word to the Creator. This is a fan, a wing from Wanbli, the eagle who was designated by the Creator as the keeper of the Earth to oversee his children and to see that they did the right thing. I submit that the actions of this body, which begins its deliberations each day with prayer, could learn at least as much from the objects as they can from all the paper documents to which this Government subscribes. Why be a party to a legal document if we are going to break it? Just last week, this body reaffirmed its commitment to North Vietnam, of all places, to the tune of $1.5 million in order to teach them the American system of law. Shall we also teach them that under our system of law it is perfectly acceptable to deceive people, to enter into agreements and to unilaterally break our word? How can we teach the Vietnamese a code of conduct based on legal agreements if we do not practice that code ourselves? Perhaps we should tell them that these principles of law do not apply to American Indians. They apply to everyone else, but not to American Indians. It is easy to break our word to American Indians--we have done it lots of times. In fact, Mr. President, from 1492 at Columbus' landing until the 1900's when the new century began, according to the National Congress of American Indians, 473 treaties were signed. Of those, 371 were ratified by this body, the U.S. Senate. Some, as you know, were written virtually at gunpoint and others through clever maneuvering on the part of Government negotiators. Yet, as the American Indian lost more and more, as they lost their land, as they lost their water, as they lost their families and, finally, their freedom, they never broke a single treaty with the U.S. Government. How many has the Government broken with the Indians? I defy anybody in this Chamber to give me that number. I had to look it up myself. Mr. President, they broke every single one. They broke every one with the American Indian. I note with interest, Mr. President, there are a number of Indian people sitting in the gallery today as silent witnesses to our deliberations. I have to say that I salute them for their patience. I ask my colleagues to look into their hearts before voting on this amendment. Do not just compare statistics and charts and graphs and notes. Ask yourself, do you want to add one more broken promise to this infamous total of broken promises? Do you want to make this vote No. 474 in broken promises? America is better than this, Mr. President. The American people are better than this. Let us keep our promise. Let us do the right thing and table this amendment. Mr. President, at this time, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record a number of letters of support for this project. They include a letter from the City of Durango; a letter from the attorney general of the State of Colorado; a letter from the Native American Rights Fund; a letter from the Colorado House of Representatives; a letter from the Colorado General Assembly; and a Denver Post article dated July 28, 1996.

Mr. CAMPBELL. I, therefore, move to table the Feingold amendment and ask for the yeas and nays.

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, an amendment to strike funding for the Animas-LaPlata project is an attempt to further delay a project that was first authorized by Congress in 1968 and is the cornerstone to fulfilling the provisions of the Colorado Ute Indian Water Rights Settlement Act, enacted and signed into law by President Bush in 1988. It seems to be that assumption of many people that ``a feasibility of the project study'' has not been completed, or that ``feasible alternatives that may be available to fulfill the water rights of the Ute tribes'', have not been explored. Frankly, Mr. President, the Senator from Wisconsin is mistaken. In an effort to further clarify the record, I would like to share with my colleagues a brief chronology of events that show that all possible alternatives have been explored, debated, and even voted on in various public referendums. In 1968: Congress authorized the Colorado River Basin Project Act. Congress appropriated funds for advance studies. In 1974-1977: the Southwestern Water Conservation District and the Bureau of Reclamation sponsored a thorough process of public involvement that compared four major alternatives and dozens of sub- alternatives for each of the four major plans. In total, approximately 100 alternatives were considered. In 1979: The Definite Plan Report, detailing the new configuration of Ridges Basin and Southern Ute Reservoirs is completed. Endangered Species Act, nonjeopardy opinion on Animas-La Plata project is issued by the Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1980: The final environmental statement is completed. In 1986: The Department of the Interior accepts cost-sharing arrangement that calls for State and local entities to provide 38 percent of the upfront funding. Enactment of the Colorado Ute Indian Water Rights Settlement Act. In 1987 and in 1990, voters in La Plata County, CO, and in San Juan County, NM, overwhelmingly endorsed BOR's construction of the ALP project. October 6, 1991: Ground breaking ceremony is held in Durango. In 1992, the San Juan River Recovery Implementation Program was executed with the dual goals of the recovery of the endangered fish in the San Juan River and allowing water development to go forward. And as recently as the last 2 months, again the city of Durango, in a vote of confidence for the project, approved a resolution in support of the ALP project. Since 1992, the project has been mired down in litigation by project opponents involving a laundry list of environmental related issues. The fact is that the Ute Indian Tribes own the water rights to the Animas La Plata system by virtue of various treaties with the U.S. Government. These treaty rights have been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States when disputes have arisen in other States. The tribes and the water districts chose negotiation over litigation. Rather than engage in expensive and divisive legal battles, the tribes and the citizens of Colorado and New Mexico chose to pursue a negotiated settlement. The Ute Tribes agreed to share their water with all people. The people came together in partnership and cooperation with the Federal Government to reach a mutually beneficial solution: the construction of the Animas La Plata project. Their settlement agreement was executed on December 10, 1986. The Settlement Act was ratified by Congress and signed into law on November 3, 1988. The Settlement Act also approved a cost-sharing agreement. The water districts and the States of Colorado and New Mexico have put their money where their mouth is--and have already lived up to the terms of these agreements. Consider that: First, the State of Colorado has committed $30 million to the settlement of the tribes' water rights claims, has expended $6 million to construct a domestic pipeline from the Cortez municipal water treatment plant to the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation at Towaoc, and has contributed $5 million to the tribal development funds; Second, the U.S. Congress has appropriated and turned over to the Ute mountain Ute and Southern Ute Indian Tribes $49.5 million as part of their tribal development funds, and Third, water user organizations have signed repayment contracts with Reclamation. The construction of the ALP project is the only missing piece to the successful implementation of the settlement agreement and the Settlement Act. It is time that the U.S. Government kept its' commitment to the people. Historically, this country has chosen to ignore its obligations to our Indian people. Members of the Ute Tribes had been living in a state of poverty that can only be described as obscene. Their only source of drinking water was from ditches dug in the ground. I find it most distressing that the same groups and special interests who are now scrambling to block this project also, in other contexts, hold themselves out as the only real defenders of minority rights in this country. This project would provide adequate water reserves to not only the Ute Nation, but to people in southwestern Colorado, northern New Mexico, and other downstream users who rely on this water system for a variety of crucial needs which range from endangered species protection to safe drinking water in towns and cities--perhaps even filling swimming pools for some of our critics. The Southern Ute Indians and the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Tribes have rejected any buy out proposals. They simply want decent and reliable water supplies--using their own water--for their people. In exchange, all the people of the area will benefit. The Sierra Club, National Wildlife, and other opponents are apparently willing to spend even more hundreds of millions of tax dollars to buy off the Indians than it would cost to complete the project. Mr. President, on March 1, of last year Secretary Babbitt testified before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, that the Department of Interior has devoted the resources of his agency to carrying out the will of Congress on the ALP project, and will continue to do so. He further stated that ``the Benefit/Cost issue has already been settled and decided by the Congress.'' And further that ``it is no longer on the table as far as his [Secretary Babbitt's] experience over 30 years across the West. And that is not an issue that any court is going to take up. And more recently, the Director of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources earlier this year testified before the House Energy and Water Subcommittee in support of the Animas-LaPlata project. In conclusion, I would like to include for the record several items that includes a letter from a Mr. Harrick Roth, chairman of the Colorado Forum, that appeared in the Denver Post. He writes: There are no secrets about ALP. There are 25 years of documents produced by the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Colorado River Salinity Control Project, the EPA, the New Mexico Interstate River Commission, the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Water and Power authority--just to name a few. On the question of meeting the needs of the native Americans, he writes: To the Editor: You have done it yet again. Treat Indians as our wards, you say. Give them ``taxpayer'' welfare benefits. Your ``howevers'' continue as you argue that it will be cheaper for taxpayers to take any alternative course. Since paleface Americans, like yourselves and myself, have made it historical practice to break treaties with Native American nations and relegate tribes to ``reservations'' of limited geography, your editorial prescribes ``continue the course!!''. Just yesterday, July 28, yet another article appeared in the Denver Post in support of the ALP project. Mr. President, the bottom line is, there has been exhaustive efforts to accommodate all parties from an environmental perspective and an economic perspective. The completion of this project will summarily fulfill the obligations of the Federal Government to the Ute Indian Tribes. For these reasons would ask my colleagues to oppose this amendment that seeks to strike funding for the Animas-LaPlata project. Mr. President, is the time appropriate now to move to table the Feingold amendment?

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President. I take this opportunity to join my colleagues in recognizing the 1996 Centennial Olympic games to be held in Atlanta beginning Friday, July 19, and running through August 4. The modern Olympics have seen a century of athletes from countries around the world coming together in the original spirit of the games-- ``international understanding and peace through sports.'' In 1896, Athens hosted the first modern Olympics, with 13 nations sending 311 athletes. The opening event was the triple jump, which was won by an American, James B. Connolly, after he arrived in Greece only 12 hours before the start. This young athlete led America to win the first title at an Olympic games in more than 1,500 years, when the ancient Greeks last awarded Olympic medals in 393 A.D. The 1996 Olympic games is expected to be the largest and most widely attended in history. With 197 delegations being represented by almost 11,000 athletes, this games is 40 percent larger than the 1992 Olympics in competitors alone. Over 1,900 medals will be awarded during 271 events in 26 different sports. It is estimated that the between 1991 and 1997 the build-up to the games and the event itself will pump over $5 billion into the economy. The Olympics hold a special place in my heart, as I was fortunate enough to represent our country in the 1964 games as captain of the U.S. judo team, a sport offered for the first time that year. Although I suffered injuries throughout the course of the games, it was an honor to carry the U.S. flag during the games' closing ceremonies. I am thrilled to know that my teammate from the 1964 games and fellow Coloradan, Al Oerter, will be carrying the Olympic flame into the stadium during the opening ceremonies in Atlanta. Al is the only American ever to win gold medals in four consecutive Olympics in the discus. He competing in 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968. There is no question that making a serious commitment to a sport at a young age gave my life purpose, channeled my energies, and taught me self-discipline. I was lucky to have had great coaches and mentors to nurture my love of judo and help me achieve my Olympic goals. For all of the athletes who strive to heights worthy of Olympic stature, I commend you. I urge all of you to represent our country with dignity and respect, and the sportsmanship that has brought you to Atlanta. In particular, I would like to name for the Record the athletes representing Colorado. These are a varied group, with unique talents and skills. I join with all Coloradans in saying how proud we are of you. Mark Coogan, Boulder, marathon; Anthony Washington, Aurora, discus; Rich Weiss, Steamboat Springs, slalom men's kayak; Susan DeMattei, Gunnison, mountain bike; Alison Dunlap, Colorado Springs, women's road race; Juli Furtado, Durango, mountain biking; Jeanne Golay, Glenwood Springs, women's road race. Ned Overend, Durango, mountain biking; Elaine Cheris, Denver, women's fencing; Rebecca Snyder, Grand Junction, women's air pistol; Eric Uptagraff, Lake Wood, prone rifle; Amy Van Dyken, Highlands Ranch, 50m, 100m free, 100m fly, 400m relay in swimming; Laura Coenen, Peyton, team handball; and Mujaahid Maynard, Denver Greco-Roman wrestling. I would also like to offer my sincere congratulations to Mr. Todd Riech of Montana. Todd is the only Native American representing the United States in the 1996 games. After overcoming potentially career- threatening injuries, he won his qualifying event for the javelin. Todd is setting an example of perseverance and commitment for all young Native Americans to follow. He is already a winner. I wish all the best of these and the other athletes representing us at these centennial summer games.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and my distinguished colleagues, Senator Chafee and Senator Moseley-Braun, today I introduce legislation that seeks to extend the legislative authority for the construction of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial and for the Foundation raising funds to construct the memorial. Mr. President, in 1986, the Congress enacted and President Reagan signed into law legislation establishing a Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial, a memorial to honor the more than 5,000 African- Americans who fought for this country during the Revolutionary War. In order to appropriately recognize the bravery and sacrifice of these honorable and distinguished patriots, Public Law 99-558 sought to establish a suitable memorial, a monument which will be located on the Mall here in Washington, DC. When complete, the memorial will be the first monument on the Mall to be dedicated solely to the accomplishments of African-Americans. The centerpiece of P.L. 99-558 was the establishment of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Foundation, as a not-for-profit organization whose sole charter is to raise the necessary funding for the costs associated with constructing the memorial. When enacted, the foundation was authorized to operate for a period of 10 years, no more. While the foundation has raised a substantial amount of funding, it remains short of its $9.5 million goal. This legislation would provide for a 2-year extension of the legislative authority for the establishment of the memorial, providing the foundation with valuable time to complete its fundraising. I have a couple of reasons for wishing to see this extension approved by Congress. First, this memorial serves a noble purpose, honoring the service and patriotism of individuals long deserving of this praise. Second, the sculptor who has been commissioned to design this memorial is a Coloradan named Ed Dwight. Mr. Dwight, the first African-American astronaut, is an accomplished artist residing in Denver. His work is known across the world, and I would like to see his design for the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial become a reality and be situated near several of this country's most distinguished monuments. Mr. President, I believe Congress has demonstrated its commitment to the establishment of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial by authorizing its construction almost 10 years ago. In addition, my distinguished colleagues, Senator John Chafee and Representative Nancy Johnson, have also introduced legislation which will raise funds for construction costs through the minting and issuing of a commemorative coin honoring these patriots. To date, 376 Members have signed on as cosponsors to these measures, myself included. It is my hope this legislation will receive the full, expeditious support of the Senate.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and my distinguished colleagues, Senator Chafee and Senator Moseley-Braun, today I introduce legislation that seeks to extend the legislative authority for the construction of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial and for the Foundation raising funds to construct the memorial. Mr. President, in 1986, the Congress enacted and President Reagan signed into law legislation establishing a Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial, a memorial to honor the more than 5,000 African- Americans who fought for this country during the Revolutionary War. In order to appropriately recognize the bravery and sacrifice of these honorable and distinguished patriots, Public Law 99-558 sought to establish a suitable memorial, a monument which will be located on the Mall here in Washington, DC. When complete, the memorial will be the first monument on the Mall to be dedicated solely to the accomplishments of African-Americans. The centerpiece of P.L. 99-558 was the establishment of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Foundation, as a not-for-profit organization whose sole charter is to raise the necessary funding for the costs associated with constructing the memorial. When enacted, the foundation was authorized to operate for a period of 10 years, no more. While the foundation has raised a substantial amount of funding, it remains short of its $9.5 million goal. This legislation would provide for a 2-year extension of the legislative authority for the establishment of the memorial, providing the foundation with valuable time to complete its fundraising. I have a couple of reasons for wishing to see this extension approved by Congress. First, this memorial serves a noble purpose, honoring the service and patriotism of individuals long deserving of this praise. Second, the sculptor who has been commissioned to design this memorial is a Coloradan named Ed Dwight. Mr. Dwight, the first African-American astronaut, is an accomplished artist residing in Denver. His work is known across the world, and I would like to see his design for the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial become a reality and be situated near several of this country's most distinguished monuments. Mr. President, I believe Congress has demonstrated its commitment to the establishment of the Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial by authorizing its construction almost 10 years ago. In addition, my distinguished colleagues, Senator John Chafee and Representative Nancy Johnson, have also introduced legislation which will raise funds for construction costs through the minting and issuing of a commemorative coin honoring these patriots. To date, 376 Members have signed on as cosponsors to these measures, myself included. It is my hope this legislation will receive the full, expeditious support of the Senate.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Madam President, as the bodies of the servicemembers killed in Tuesday's terrorist attack in Saudi Arabia arrive today at Dover Air Force Base, I join my colleagues in expressing my deepest condolences to those families who must now endure the pains of this senseless tragedy. Words cannot adequately express the sorrow our Nation feels for the loss of these soldiers who have made this ultimate sacrifice in service to our country. Fortunately, none of the nearly 40 service people from Colorado who were caught in this terrorist bombing were killed, although some sustained serious injuries. It is my sincere hope that the cowardly extremists responsible for this horrendous act are soon caught and swiftly brought to justice. I trust my colleagues in this Chamber will work closely with the administration and the Saudi Government to ensure their apprehension. I am also hopeful that the necessary actions will be taken to prevent any future assaults on the service men and women who guard and protect the peace not only in this region but throughout the world.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, as we consider the fiscal year 1997 Defense Authorization bill, I would like to take this opportunity to point out our financial and security investments in NATO. Too often, Mr President, we in Congress find ourselves in the position of having to justify to our constituents the rationale for providing foreign assistance, particularly during a time when budgetary constraints are hindering what we can do right here in our own home towns. For this reason, foreign spending often has become negative and is distorted in the public eye. While this is an understandable concern, few recognize just how much the United States benefits from its financial investments and active participation in foreign activity. The NATO Security Investment Program is a model that readily defies this negative image and I would like to highlight this for my colleagues today. The NATO Security Investment Program, which sustains the NATO Alliance facility operations and technical requirements, supports U.S. security and economic interests, while providing an impressive commercial return on our investment. Where the United States has invested approximately $1 billion in the NATO Security Investment Program over the past 5 years, U.S. businesses have enjoyed a total of $1.7 billion in high-tech contracts. During this same time period, a $25 million investment of U.S. dollars yielded $100 million worth of military construction contracts which were awarded to U.S. companies. In fact, nearly 40 percent of all NATO high-tech and communications projects are awarded to U.S. contractors. This current rate of return continues to grow and benefit the U.S. economy. Right now, there are 12 NATO contracts under way which total $73 million in returns for U.S. companies, significantly impacting five States. In the upcoming years, there will likely be 10 NATO projects awarded to American contractors in five States which will total nearly $169.8 million. Since the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, the NATO alliance has undergone fundamental and significant changes as its strategy has shifted from a stationary defensive position to a lean, responsive body, capable of handling a variety of challenges. With the drawdown and overall mission redefinition complete, the NATO alliance has embarked upon several projects and operations that will refocus NATO's efforts throughout the European theater. These operations need our strong financial support. Opposition remains, however, as many continue to argue that with the end of the cold war should come a decreased need for U.S. military dollars abroad. This position is readily refuted, when one considers the truly surprising financial opportunities and benefits that exist for our economy within these operations. We must continue to recognize the tremendous tangible rewards that are generated by our leadership and participation in such foreign investment. These figures clearly reflect the direct benefits and future potential of our involvement in NATO, not only in terms of security but in economic terms as well. I would encourage my colleagues to observe and remember the many benefits the United States is afforded through our involvement in the NATO alliance. Amendment No. 4277 (Purpose: To state the sense of the Senate relating to the apparent inappropriate use of Federal Bureau of Investigation files)

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that the hearing scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on Thursday, June 20, 1996 at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC, to review S. 1424, a bill to redesignate the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument as a national park, to establish the Gunnison Gorge National Recreation Area, to establish the Curecanti National Recreation Area, to establish the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park Complex, has been canceled until further notice. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, July 25, 1996, at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 1699, a bill to establish the National Cave and Karst Research Institute in the State of New Mexico; S. 1737, a bill to protect Yellowstone National Park, the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone National Wild and Scenic River and the Absaroka-Beartooth National Wilderness Area; and S. 1809, the ``Aleutian World War II National Historic Sites Act of 1996''. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff. committee on energy and natural resources

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, July 18, 1996 at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 988, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to transfer administrative jurisdiction over certain land to the Secretary of the Army to facilitate construction of a jetty and sand transfer system and S. 1805, a bill to provide for the management of Voyageurs National Park. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20510- 6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161. committee on energy and natural resources, subcommittee on parks, historic preservation, and recreation

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, June 20, 1996, at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to revise S. 1424, a bill to redesignate the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument as a national park, to establish the Gunnison Gorge National Recreation Area, to establish the Curecanti National Recreation Area, to establish the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park complex. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to recognize the recent success of Colorado's national hockey league, the Colorado Avalanche. As many in this Chamber already know, the Colorado Avalanche won the Stanley Cup during the early morning hours of Wednesday the 12th, after an incredible triple-overtime 1 to 0 win over the Florida Panthers. This victory marks the first world championship in a major sport for Colorado, the Centennial State. We were fortunate enough to have the Avalanche move to Colorado from Quebec, where they were known as the Nordiques. This last year was their very first season playing in Colorado, and their defeat of the Panthers make the Avalanche only the second expansion team in professional sports history to win a championship in its opening season. During the course of the playoffs, the Avalanche also set a number of other records. For instance, the final game against the Panthers is now on record as being the longest scoreless game in finals history, with Uwe Krupp's winning goal coming after 104 minutes and 31 seconds of play. In closing, Mr. President, I would like to commend both the Colorado Avalanche and the Florida Panthers on an exciting Stanley Cup final, and I congratulate the Avalanche on a job well done. I yield the floor.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, as a sports enthusiast, I take great pride on coming to the floor today to acknowledge the extraordinary accomplishments of members of the sports community from my home State of Colorado. To begin, I would like to pay tribute to Buddy Lazier, winner of the 80th annual Indianapolis 500 which took place this past Memorial Day. Buddy, a resident of Vail, CO, comes from a family with a history in race car driving, his father also being an Indy car competitor and finisher. Winning this event would be a tremendous achievement for any race car driver. What makes Buddy's victory so special is the personal courage and strength that it took for him to even compete in the race, for it was only this past March that Buddy suffered a broken back as the result of a crash that occurred in Phoenix, AZ. Barely 9 weeks prior to the Indy 500, Buddy was still in the hospital recovering, feeling no sensation in either his hands or feet. And, yet, Buddy arrived at the Indy 500 prepared to compete with every other driver, and in the end, was victorious in race car driving's most prestigious race. It takes an enormous amount of strength, both emotional and physical, for someone to overcome obstacles such as these. However, the recovery period for Buddy is far from over. He still experiences pain from his back injury. In fact, he had to be assisted out of the cockpit of his car when he reached the winner's circle that day. As a motor sports enthusiast, I would like to commend Buddy on his skill and courage, and I'm certain all Coloradans will join with me in congratulating Buddy and wishing him well for a full and speedy recovery.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Thank you, Mr. President. Mr. President, it is a great honor for me today to join my colleagues in recognizing the outstanding accomplishments of one of the greatest Senators in this great institution: Bob Dole. This is a special day in history for those of us gathered here in this Senate Chamber. For on this day in 1775, the Continental Congress did something this body has been doing ever since--it appointed a committee. We have come a long way since then. But this committee's job was to write the Declaration of Independence which has protected our freedom and liberty ever since. The committee was composed of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman. While no congressional committee has ever done a more important job, Bob Dole's service of 36 years in Congress as legislator, Finance Committee chairman, and majority leader has had a profound impact on the course of our Nation. Although he has worked on behalf of countless individuals, families and communities, Bob Dole has stood out as a champion of veterans in Congress. Therefore, as a member of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, I rise today and join with veterans from across the country and throughout this Congress in honoring a lifetime of achievement by my friend--a warrior, a leader, a hero. In modern times, the word ``hero'' is often bandied around a great deal. But after much reflection, perhaps Ralph Waldo Emerson's perception of heroism best describes how so many of us feel about Bob Dole. Emerson said: ``The characteristic of heroism is its persistency. The heroic cannot be the common, nor the common heroic.'' Bob Dole is a man who has risen to uncommon and heroic heights. And, as it is with most heroes, he seldom speaks of his accomplishments. He represents, I guess, the best of our country's warriors and heroes. The story of what he went through in 1943 while attending Kansas University and joining the U.S. Army is legendary. As a second lieutenant platoon leader, he went into training with the 10th Mountain Division, which was based in my State of Colorado. Perhaps his only mistake at that time was not buying the land around the training site, because that has become what we know as Aspen today. But certainly it was that highly trained infantry of the 10th Mountain Division that began the final attack April 14, 1945, which led to his wounds of World War II. He went off to war to defend the Nation and our freedoms. And, as a result of that wound, of course, he went through nine operations, which several other Senators have told about, and 2 years of recovery. I guess, just to talk about wounds and recovery is one thing, but the Germans have a saying. They say, ``He who laughs at scars has suffered no wounds.'' When we think of the time it cost and the terrible pain Senator Dole must have gone through, through that recovery time, we know there is a difference between talking about it and actually going through it. Bob Dole's legacy as a warrior, hero, and statesman reminds us of another outstanding American leader, President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Senator Dole, then a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, first met General Eisenhower on a rain-soaked day in the spring of 1952 when the General returned home to Abilene, KS, to officially launch his Presidential campaign. It was most fitting, therefore, when Senator Dole was awarded the Eisenhower Leadership Prize in 1995 by the Eisenhower World Affairs Institute for lifetime accomplishments which reflect Eisenhower's legacy of integrity and leadership. As President Eisenhower said 41 years ago: Of the nations of today the future will say that there were two kinds: Those that were intelligent, courageous, decisive and tireless in their support of high principles--and those that disappeared from the earth. The true patriots give their best to assure that our country will also be found in the first of these categories. Bob Dole clearly stands among the true patriots. As a decorated World War II veteran, his service on behalf of our Nation's veterans can be seen in four major areas: benefits, POW/MIA issues, education, and health care. Veterans who have served their country deserve and have earned quality benefits. Toward this end, the Dole GI bill, introduced in 1995, revamps the veterans benefit program and brings it up to date and in line with the needs of veterans today. He also authored legislation in 1996 to create the Veterans Transition Benefit Commission. Its purpose is to ensure that veterans leaving the military due to downsizing have access to the necessary assistance to return to civilian life in the most productive manner. On the difficult POW/MIA issue, Bob Dole has been in the forefront, seeking answers and helping families who do not know the fate of their loved ones. Bob Dole is considered the 1970 founder of the POW/MIA League of Families. Since then, he has continued to assist families to get a full accounting and disclosure of the fate of their loved ones. This past Memorial Day over 100,000 veterans converged in D.C. on The Mall, as they do every Memorial Day, angry in their belief that many people in government have abandoned them. Bob Dole has not abandoned them, nor will he ever abandon the veterans of the United States. In the area of veterans health, Bob Dole has a special and deeply personal understanding of the importance of quality health care and the power of rehabilitation. He has worked to provide a service-connected presumption for certain diseases, expand the number of disorders for which former POW's could receive disability compensation. Although we served in different wars, Senator Dole in World War II and myself in Korea, we share with all veterans a unique perspective on life and country. If war teaches you anything, it is that the world is a mixture of vulnerability and enduring strength, and that it is the job of the human spirit to strike the balance we call peace. Bob Dole has never wavered from the pursuit of peace. This courageous leader understands so much about the price of freedom, and as he goes forth from this Chamber, let him know that our hearts, our prayers, and the hopes of all America's veterans go with him.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, June 6, 1996, at 2 p.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 1703, a bill to amend the act establishing the National Park Foundation. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I take this opportunity to speak to my sense-of-the-Senate amendment to Senate Concurrent Resolution 57, the budget resolution for fiscal year 1997. I am pleased to be joined in this initiative by my colleague from Wisconsin, Senator Kohl. This amendment expresses the sense of the Senate to help young people at risk in three ways: First, the amendment calls for sufficient funding within existing fiscal constraints for programs to assist youth at risk by reducing illegal drug use, crime, and violence. Second, the amendment places a priority on supporting program evaluations which are scientific and independent to determine what works and to ensure the limited Federal dollars are invested wisely. And, third, the amendment calls for efforts to coordinate and eliminate duplication among federally supported at-risk youth programs. Mr. President, let me briefly address each of these points in the amendment. First, there are many programs funded by various Federal agencies, including the Departments of Justice, Education, Labor, and Health and Human Services. These programs help keep troubled kids out of gangs and off drugs. They give many kids a second chance to get their lives on the right track. And they should get the support of Senators within the fiscal constraints we all face with the Fiscal Year 1997 budget. Second, the amendment recognizes the importance of maximizing the Federal investment by ensuring these programs work. When Federal dollars are limited and we are working hard to balance the budget, it is important that we know what works. My colleague from Tennessee, Senator Thompson, is pursuing this matter in the Youth Violence Subcommittee, which he chairs. Therefore, this amendment places a priority on supporting scientifically recognized, independent evaluations of existing at-risk youth programs. And finally, the Federal Government supports over 100 youth programs through many agencies. A March 1996 report from the General Accounting Office [GAO] indicates that currently 16 different Federal departments and agencies are administering 131 programs to help delinquent or at- risk youth. My colleagues Senator Kassebaum and Senator Cohen have been working on this important issue. The pending amendment calls for efforts to eliminate bureaucratic duplication and ensure coordination of these federally supported youth programs. Mr. President, I hope that my colleagues, during this busy and critical time of debate on the budget resolution, will join with me in making a formal statement to the American people that we have not forgotten our troubled youth, nor the impact they are having on our society. By agreeing to this amendment, my colleagues and I will be accepting the cold, hard statistics about the criminal behavior, drug use and violence among a segment of today's youth. But, we also will recognize the importance of helping these children in whom our future rests. This amendment is not about arguing over dollar amounts for different agencies' programs. This amendment is not about pointing the finger. Rather, this amendment is about taking responsibility for our youth; taking responsibility for the current overlap in programs and determining how this is affecting the children these programs are intended to help; and, about taking responsibility for the budget allocations we make regarding troubled kids. In short, this sense-of- the-Senate amendment is about taking responsibility for our future and our children's future. Mr. President, we are experiencing an unprecedented wave of gang formation and gang activity in my home State of Colorado, and throughout the country, that is so menacing that society all but surrenders certain neighborhoods to gun-toting teens. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], a comparison of arrests nationally between 1984 and 1994 reveals that juvenile arrests for violent crime had increased 68 percent. Murder arrests increased 168 percent and aggravated assault increased 98 percent over that period. In Colorado Springs, for example, statistics reflect this national trend of increased juvenile arrests for violent crimes. Between 1985 and 1994, juvenile violent crime arrests in Colorado Springs increased from 59 to 211, an increase of 258 percent. While the juvenile involvement in murder and rape in Colorado Springs, based on arrest data, is infrequent, significant increases are seen in the categories of robbery and aggravated assault. According to the Colorado Springs Police Department, they have seen the emergence of youth gangs, and police have identified a small but extremely active number of habitual juvenile criminals. One study reveals that as many as 15 percent of local adolescents may be involved directly or indirectly with gangs. Police departments have been tracking serious juvenile offenders for many years, and from what we have learned it is clear the criminal justice system alone cannot impact the problem of juvenile crime. Prevailing social conditions, including family stability, education, and societal institutions all have impacts on the behavior of juveniles that are well-ingrained before they come to the attention of law enforcement. In addition, the FBI points out that the population group aged 10 to 17 years, which account for 98 percent of juvenile violent crime arrests, is projected to increase significantly by the year 2000. This development will almost certainly lead to further escalation of juvenile crimes and arrests. Colorado is not alone. Experts say most urban areas will see a rise in youth violence, stemming from poverty, lack of educational opportunities, the growing number of single-parent families and the illegal use of firearms. Add to that a profound demographic change. Current trends indicate there will be a dramatic increase in the population of 10- to 17-year- olds over the next several years. According to the Department of Justice, murders by kids in this age group rose 124 percent from 1986 to 1991. In Denver alone, it is estimated that there are currently 7,000 gang members, up from about 700 3 years ago. In 1994, I took to the streets in the gang-infested areas of Denver to meet with and listen to several gang members to find out why they got involved in gangs and how hard it is to leave. They told me that the biggest part of the problem is kids who are looking for some kind of identity, companionship, and affiliation they are not getting elsewhere. Also, these kids realize the solution to gangs and violence can only come through self-help. But getting through to these kids is a problem. After listening to them, I shared with them my experiences as a kid who frequently found himself in trouble with the law and also as a young man employed as a counselor to work with inmates confined at both San Quentin and Folsom prisons. Their response was ``how do they move from their current situation to becoming a productive member of society''? They can see both points, but haven't figured out a strategy for bridging that gap. I feel that putting offenders in jail is a priority, but equally important is the ability to take a broader approach, focusing on kids and families, court diversion programs and prison alternatives. Recently, members of my staff met with the Chief of the Denver Police Department, all of his Division Chiefs, the Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Public Safety, and the Director of the Youthful Offender System. All of these leaders agree that prevention efforts must begin at an early age--before the first stolen car or the first drive by shooting. Colorado spends an estimated $50,000 per juvenile on incarceration. Some of those funds need to go toward prevention. In Denver, there are 10 high schools and 18 middle schools that have frequent police calls to the school itself or the surrounding area. There is one exception. . .Lake Middle School, which has one uniformed Denver police officer on duty during school hours. This is not a McGruff or an officer friendly. This is a real officer that makes sure that the school is not disrupted by negative activity. This initiative has tangible results and it would be nice to see one officer in the other 27 schools. That is just one example of how prevention efforts that focus on youth are having a positive effect in my State. There are many more in Colorado and nationwide that deserve our support. In closing, Mr. President, I know there are no easy answers, but I think that if we take the time to listen, we very well may begin to understand the problem. I am committed to finding solutions to gangs and youth violence, and look forward to working with my colleagues on these problems. One step is to provide sufficient support during the fiscal year 1997 budget process. Therefore, I urge my colleagues to support passage of this amendment. I yield the floor.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a field hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation. The hearing will take place Friday, May 31, 1996, at 9:30 a.m. at the Montrose Pavillion, 1800 Pavillion Boulevard, Montrose, CO. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 1424, a bill to redesignate the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument as a national park, to establish the Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area, to establish the Curecanti National Recreation Area, to establish the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park Complex, and for other purposes. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. Written testimony will be accepted for the record. Witnesses testifying at the hearing are requested to bring 10 copies of their testimony with them on the day of the hearing. The subcommittee will invite witnesses representing a cross-section of views and organizations to testify at the hearing. Others wishing to testify may, as time permits, make a brief statement of no more than 2 minutes. Those wishing to testify should contact Mr. James Doyle in Senator Campbell's office at (303) 866-1900. The deadline for signing up to testify is 5 p.m., Wednesday, May 29, 1996. Every attempt will be made to accommodate as many witnesses as possible, while ensuring that all views are represented. For additional information, please contact Jim O'Toole, Energy and Natural Resources Committee, at (202) 224-5161.

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to announce for the public that a hearing has been scheduled before the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The hearing will take place on Thursday, May 16, 1996, at 9:30 a.m. in room SD-366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington, DC. The purpose of this hearing is to review S. 621, a bill to amend the National Trails System Act to designate the Great Western Trail for potential addition to the National Trails System; H.R. 531, a bill to designate the Great Western Scenic Trail as a study trail under the National Trails System Act; S. 1049, a bill to amend the National Trails System Act to designate the route from Selma to Montgomery as a National Historic Trail; S. 1706, a bill to increase the amount authorized to be appropriated for assistance for highway relocation with respect to the Chicamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park in Georgia; S. 1725, a bill to amend the National Trails System Act to create a third category of long-distance trails to be known as national discovery trails and to authorize the American Discovery Trail as the first national discovery trail. Because of the limited time available for the hearing, witnesses may testify by invitation only. However, those wishing to submit written testimony for the hearing record should send two copies of their testimony to the Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, 364 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510-6150. For further information, please contact Jim O'Toole of the subcommittee staff at (202) 224-5161. subcommittee on investigations

Mr. CAMPBELL

Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, I would like to congratulate all of the Members and their staff who have worked so hard on collaborating on this omnibus package. In particular, I would like to thank my good friend, the majority leader from Kansas, for his persistent efforts to shepherd this bill into law. He has done a great service for many of us, and the bill's final passage is a testament to his strength and tenacity as a leader. I would like to say a few words about a couple of the bills, that have specific meaning to me. The Presidio bill, the flagship of this package, offers a unique, creative, and innovative approach to provide for the long-term protection and preservation of one of our Nation's greatest cultural, historical, and natural treasures. Many people have been waiting a long time for this bill. I know the Senators from California and Congresswoman Pelosi have put a great deal of time and energy into this legislation, as have the staff from the Energy Committee and personal offices. In our efforts to try to reach consensus on all levels, we have managed to craft a bill that will provide enough balance and flexibility to incorporate all points of view. Mr. President, I also would like to discuss several bills within the omnibus package that are of particular interest to me and my home State of Colorado. These bills deserve distinction in their own right, being crafted with years of collaborative hard work and dedication. I would like to make brief comments on each of them, and once again send my congratulations to all those who have worked so hard on these important bills. The Rocky Mountain National Park Visitor Center title provides the authority for the National Park Service to use appropriated and donated funds to operate a visitor center outside of the boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park. The Park Service has been in need of a visitor's center at the eastern entrance to Rocky for many years now, but due to fiscal constraints, they have been unable to get adequate appropriations. Thanks to a generous private-public partnership proposal, the Park Service has an opportunity to provide a visitor service outside of the park boundaries. This legislation simply allows the Park Service to enter into this type of partnership with private individuals. I would particularly like to applaud the individuals in Estes Park, whose innovative work, generous contributions, and persevering dedication have made this idea a reality. This type of private-public opportunity is exactly what the Federal Government should be taking advantage of these days, and I am encouraged by the proposal for this visitor center that has been put forth. This center would help the thousands of visitors that come to the park each year, and would save the Government millions in taxpayer dollars. The Cache La Poudre title, sponsored by the distinguished senior Senator from Colorado, designates approximately 35,000 acres between the cities of Fort Collins and Greeley, CO, as the Cache La Poudre River National Water Heritage Area. The headwaters of the streams that flow into this river tell the story of water development and river basin management in the Westward expansion of the United States. This historical area holds a special meaning for Coloradans, and we feel that it deserves national recognition as a heritage area. In addition to the designation, this title helps establish a local commission to develop and implement a long-term management plan for the area. This bill holds great distinction for me, for I have been working on it for many years with my good friend and colleague, Senator Brown from Colorado. The good Senator has been working hard to get this bill enacted into law, and each revision of the bill has been a more worthy product than the last. There are always a couple of bills that hold special meaning for us personally, and the Cache La Poudre is a good example of one that the senior Senator from Colorado has a particular interest in. It would be a great honor to have this bill enacted into law before my friend retires this year. The Giplin County Land Exchange title represents the best type of land exchange possible. It is a simple, straightforward land exchange bill that will convey 300 acres of Bureau of Land Management lands in Gilpin County, CO, for the acquisition of 8,733 acres of equal value within the State. The bill seeks to address a site-specific land management problem that is a result of the scattered mining claims of the 1800's. The Federal selected lands for conveyance are contained within 133 scattered parcels near the communities of Black Hawk and Central City, most of which are less than one acre in size. These lands would be exchanged to the cities of Black Hawk and Central City to help alleviate a shortage of residential lots. In return for these selected lands, the Federal Government will receive approximately 8,773 acres of offered lands, which are anticipated to be of approximately equal dollar value to the selected lands. These lands are in three separate locations, described as follows: Circle C Church Camp: This 40-acre parcel is located within Rocky Mountain National Park along its eastern boundaries, and lies approximately 5 miles south of the well known community of Estes Park. This acquisition can provide additional public camping sites and address a current shortage of employee housing in the popular national park. Quilan Ranches tract: This 3,993-acre parcel is located in Conejos County, in southern Colorado. This land has excellent elk winter range and other wildlife habitat, and borders State lands, which are managed for wildlife protection. Bonham Ranch--Cucharas Canyon: This 4,700-acre ranch will augment existing BLM land holdings in the beautiful Cucharas Canyon, identified as an AREA of Critical Environmental Concern [ACEC]. This ranch has superb wildlife habitat, winter range, riparian areas, raptor nesting and fledgling areas, as well as numerous riparian areas, rator nesting and fledgling areas. Any equalization funds remaining from this exchange will be dedicated to the purchase of land and water rights, pursuant to Colorado water law, for the Blanca Wetlands Management Area, near Alamosa, CO. It is clear that the merits of this bill are numerous. Moreover, the bill is noncontroversial, and while it may not have dramatic consequence for people outside of the State of Colorado, it represents a tremendous opportunity for citizens in my State. Due to the time- sensitive and fragile nature of the various components of this bill, I am delighted that the Senate has acted as expeditiously as possible. In addition, for the past 5 years now, I have been supporting legislation that seeks to bring some common sense and reason to the administration of Forest Service ski area permits. The ski fees title will take the most convoluted, subjective, and bizarre formula for calculating ski fees, developed by the Forest Service, and replace it with a simple, user friendly formula in which the ski areas will be able to figure out their fees with very little effort. The current formula utilized by the Forest Service is encompassed in 40 pages and contains hundreds of definitions, rulings, and policies. It is simply Government bureaucracy at its worst. For the ski industry, this formula is a monstrous burden, and with the expansion and diversification of many ski resorts, this burden grows increasingly more complex each year. I am pleased that this title will offer some clarity and common sense to the ski resorts of my home State. Mr. President, the Grand Lake Cemetery title simply directs the Secretary of the Interior to authorize a permit for the town of Grand Lake, CO, to permanently maintain their 5-acre cemetery, which happens to fall within the boundaries of Rocky Mountain National Park. This cemetery has been in use by the town since 1892, and continues to carry strong emotional and sentimental attachments for the residents. Currently, the cemetery is operated under a temporary special use permit, which is set to expire this year. By granting permanent maintenance authority to the town, this title creates lasting stability to this longstanding issue. It is completely noncontroversial, and widely supported by both the community and the Park Service. Finally, Mr. President, the last title in this package that I would like to address is another bill that holds special meaning for me. I have been working on this legislation for many years now, and I am pleased to see that this title has seven different cosponsors from both sides of the aisle. The Old Spanish Trail title will designate the Old Spanish Trail and the Northern Branch of the Old Spanish Trail for study for potential addition to the National Trails System as a National Historic Trail. The Old Spanish Trail has rightly been called ``the longest, crookedest, most arduous pack mule route in the history of America.'' It is that, and more. The Old Spanish Trail tells a dramatic story that spans two centuries of recorded history and originated in prehistoric times. This trail witnessed use by Ute and Navajo Indians, Spaniards, Mexicans, and American trappers, explorers, and settlers, including the Mormons. Its heyday spans the development of the West, from the native on foot to the mounted Spaniard to the coming of the transcontinental railroad. Few routes, if any, pass through as much relatively pristine country. It is time to recognize and celebrate our common heritage, and I am thrilled to have this included in the package passed. These bills may not mean a whole lot to many Members in this Chamber, but they mean a great deal to my constituents and me. I again commend my colleagues for their hard work, and strongly support passage of this important legislative package this evening.