Julia Carson

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I thank the very distinguished colleague from Texas for yielding, and I want to commend the gentleman for his insight and foresight in bringing this vital issue not only to the United States House of Representatives, but to the ears and eyes of America, because it is imperative that the American people understand that the Congress is in fact concerned about their well-being, especially those who are recipients of Medicare at this particular time, the senior citizens of our country. Mr. Speaker, I rise today again, along with my distinguished colleagues. It is kind of difficult to follow the eminence of my colleague the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Turner), and certainly the gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps). The senior citizens are very privileged to have this kind of representation in the Congress that is very sensitive to their needs. Of course, I rise, being on the verge of being a senior citizen, I would like to announce in the beginning I probably have a conflict of interest, because I want my medication affordable when I advance to the age of requiring Social Security. The skyrocketing prices for prescription drugs are unabated and they are hitting the senior citizens of our country very, very hard. Many of our seniors are on fixed incomes, and when they have to pay higher prices for prescription drugs, obviously they have less money for food, to pay for their heating bills, to pay their property tax or to pay their rent, if that is the case, and to accommodate some of their other vital needs for their own well-being. Seniors are paying too much in higher prices for prescription drugs than HMOs and other most-favored-customers who buy drugs in large quantities at a discount. In my district in Indianapolis, we did do a survey among the drugstores on drug prices based on the widely used common drugs. Albuteral, a common inhaler, costs as much as $18.35 in some stores, twice as much as at the cheapest store. HMOs can charge much less. The drug, I think it is Vicodin, varies between 39 cents and $2.34 per dose in Indianapolis. These high prices are feeding drug companies' growing profits. Our pharmacists are complaining that when they obtain these items, that the major cost is theirs to pay and they have to pass along those costs to the senior citizens at a very limited profit. It is just plain wrong for drug companies to be charging the high prices in behalf of our Nation's senior citizens. That is why I join the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Turner) and the gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps) and other colleagues in introducing H.R. 4646, the Prescription Drug Fairness Act. As my colleagues know, the legislation will allow retail pharmacies to buy medications commonly used by senior citizens directly from the Federal General Services Administration. GSA is able to buy prescription medications at much lower prices than individuals, allowing our pharmacists to pass on the savings to senior citizens. No one should be forced to choose between buying food or medicine, least of all our senior citizens to whom we owe so much. So I would urge my colleagues to join me in cosponsoring this legislation. I would encourage the leadership to set it on the calendar for hearing and for ultimate passage. Let us do something important for a change, especially in behalf of our senior citizens. I am more than happy to yield to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Turner).

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank very much the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Visclosky) for arranging for this special tribute to the Honorable Lee Hamilton. This tribute is reminiscent of a poet that wrote many years ago that ``He shall be like a tree that is planted by the rivers of water that bring forth fruit in its season.'' I rise today to pay tribute to a towering figure in the House of Representatives and this Nation, and certainly on behalf of the State of Indiana. It comes as no surprise to those who have observed the Honorable Lee Hamilton that he is the son and brother of Methodist ministers. In a political world sometimes characterized by dishonesty and backstabbing and inter-party feuding, Lee Hamilton stands out as a rock of integrity and someone that certainly I have been extremely blessed to have had an opportunity to know even before I became a Member of this distinguished body. In the 34 years that the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hamilton) has been in the House of Representatives, he has built bonds of trust on both sides of the political aisle, and he can always be counted on to put the country ahead of any partisan political politics. He is a man of great intellect. He has become perhaps the leading congressional spokesman on our relations with foreign lands and peoples. He also is a leading exemplar of the concept all too rare in Congress today, that politics stops at the water's edge. The gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hamilton) has been a forceful advocate for honor with pragmatism in foreign affairs regardless of which party controls the White House. As chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ranking member of the Committee on International Relations, the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hamilton) has been a strong defender of the President's right to determine foreign policy, but was opposed to Presidents in both parties when he thought they were wrong. He exemplifies the highest degree of courage and commitment to the patriotism that all of us enjoy. I remember in 1987 Mr. Hamilton served as House chairman for the committee investigating the Iran-Contra matter. In his post he was stern, but a fair inquisitor in terms of where we were and where we ought to be in that particular situation. He is a firm believer in the rule of law. In the Iran-Contra investigation, he decried the establishment of a government within a government that was not ruled by the democratic process. He has always been guided by his belief that all public officials should be accountable to the law and to the voters. It is for all of those reasons and certainly more than I could delineate here tonight that I am just happy that I have had an opportunity to stand in the Chamber that the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hamilton) has served so well for so many years. And even though he has chosen not to run again for the House of Representatives, he will always be a Member of the House of Representatives because he will continuously be sought after for his wise advice, especially on foreign affairs. The gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hamilton), in closing, exemplifies what a gentleman's gentleman is like. Andy Jacobs told me a few minutes ago that Mr. Hamilton has always been a very civil person and very determined and dedicated. I pay a special tribute to Lee Hamilton, and certainly to Nancy, as he begins his next life as a scholar and a statesman in the academic community. And I certainly wish him good luck and Godspeed and thank him very much for all that he has done for Americans. It has really been a pleasure to have known him.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, due to travel delays, I unavoidably missed rollcall vote No. 426 and No. 427. Had I been here, I would have voted in the affirmative.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I, too, would like to encourage the gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. Rogers) to allow this free and open dialogue concerning the good work of CRS to go forward. One of the healthy things about the American democracy is that people do have an opportunity of free speech, open and healthy debate and dialogue, in support of their views and opinions, and I would trust that we would not in any way interrupt that in this very beautiful process called the United States Congress. The gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson-Lee) has offered a very potent amendment. We cannot ignore the problem of the lingering racism in our society in recent months. We have seen racism expressed in violent and grizzly fashion. The Nation was horrified when James Byrd was dragged to his death behind a pickup truck in Jasper, Texas, just because he was African American. The Community Relations Service played a key role in keeping the community of Jasper together after this tragic incident and prevented the spread of more violent racial incidents. Mr. Chairman, CRS services help local communities prevent racial conflicts and violence, and I would trust that we would continue to ensure that the amendment of the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson- Lee) is in fact upheld for this vital and necessary and humanitarian endeavor.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, it was written some years ago, ``Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.'' Certainly I rise today in behalf of the 10th Congressional District, State of Indiana, and for those who wished they were in this place tonight to pay special tribute to two brave police officers who gave their lives to protect the safety of visitors, the Capitol staffers and Members of Congress and to ensure that all Americans can freely walk the halls of Congress. Officer Chestnut and Special Agent Gibson are two of my heroes. I had the privilege of meeting both of the gentlemen when I would go in the second entrance over there and was always endeared by their sweet smiles, their professionalism and their attentiveness. As we debate what could have happened and what did not happen, I do not believe that there is anything under God's sun that we could have done to have prevented that awesome tragedy of last Friday. Because certainly Officer Chestnut and Special Agent Gibson especially did all that he could in terms of even giving up his own life for the sake of others. I would like to convey my heartfelt sympathy to the families of those valiant officers and to assure them that they are in our thoughts and prayers, not just after tomorrow but eternally, especially while we come in and out of the House of Representatives. I would like to add that I come from a district where the violence has eclipsed, we are surpassing the numbers of violence that we incurred last year in terms of homicides. I would trust that, rather than to overreact to this situation, because there is certainly nothing that we can do to erase that horrible tragedy that occurred at the Capitol on last Friday, but I think we, as Members of Congress, now must lean on the poet who wrote, ``Blessed are the peacemakers,'' and do everything that we can in our power to ensure safe and peaceful schools and neighborhoods and parks and workplaces. Let us come to grips with the violence in our Nation to make sure that this type of tragedy that claimed Officer Chestnut and Special Agent Gibson is no longer a part of American life. We owe that to Officer Chestnut and Special Agent Gibson to do nothing less. And while we honor these two young men, let us remember that we have much work to do in terms of assuring the health and the safety of Americans everywhere.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman, and to my colleagues gathered here together as a part of the 105th Congress, it gives me a great deal of pleasure and pride and admiration to stand here in tribute to the honorable Louis Stokes from the State, from the Buckeye State of Ohio. And Congressman Stokes, my predecessor, Congressman Andrew Jacobs, sends his love. And he told me to remind you of the time you and him both had a date with the Supremes. Something like that. You would remember that. I hope your wives understand that you all were out with the Supremes, or perhaps where you were. But he said that was a night that he would always remember. I think it was because of Lou Stokes and not because of the Supremes, but we will understand. I knew the honorable Lou Stokes prior to the time that I became a Member of Congress. Lou Stokes' good works has, like it was said, has been able to shine from sea to shining sea. I have been a long admirer of the Stokes family; Mayor Carl Stokes, Congressman Louis Stokes, in particular. He reminded me of a poet in his hard work for the people across this Nation and in instilling pride and hope; that for every drop of rain that falls a flower grows and somewhere in the darkest night a candle glows. And Louis Stokes was certainly that candle that glowed in the very darkest night for so many people who were reaching out for help across this country. Throughout his life and career, he has courageously confronted very tough circumstances and assignments. He served in the segregated army during World War II, and earned a law degree when few, if any, law firms would consider hiring a man of Louis Stokes' complexion. He challenged Congressional district minds in Ohio, becoming the first African American Member of Congress elected from his State and the first African American Member to serve on the House Committee on Appropriations. He skillfully served in numerous leadership roles in the House, including chairman of the Select Committee on the Presidential Assassination, the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the VA-HUD subcommittee, and the Committee on Appropriations. Mr. Chairman, the honorable Lou Stokes is widely admired throughout our Nation and our world, and certainly after his retirement the work that he has done for this country will endure. I admire, I appreciate, I am a beneficiary of his outstanding public service. And he reminds me of the psalmist that said that he shall be like a tree that is planted by the river's water that brings forth fruit in his season. And even though I know that Mr. Stokes' season has not ended, that all of the beautiful fruit that he has borne throughout his public service will continue to endure for many years to come. I stand here in a great deal of humility, Congressman Stokes, to say thank you for all that you have done.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoidably absent yesterday, Monday, June 22, 1998, and, as a result, missed Rollcall votes 252 through 256. Had I been present, I would have voted ``no'' on Rollcall Vote 252; ``yes'' on Rollcall 253; ``yes'' on 254; ``yes'' on 255; and ``yes'' on Rollcall 256.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, June 9, 1998, my colleagues and I passed H.R. 1635, the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Act of 1998, by an overwhelming vote--415 yeas to 2 nays. This legislation will establish within the United States National Park Service the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom program to facilitate partnerships among Federal, state and local governments and the private sector to identify and commemorate the Underground Railroad. Commemorating the Underground Railroad Network is well-deserved and will help every American understand what the Underground Railroad was and how it helped thousands of slaves to secure their freedom and their place in history. Through the program, structures, routes and sites which were significant to the Underground Railroad will be identified. The National Park Service will create a logo to identify these sites and distribute interpretive information for visitors to understand the use of the Railroad. The Underground Railroad stretched for thousands of miles from Kentucky and Virginia across Ohio and Indiana. The Underground Railroad movement was responsible for helping approximately 70,000 slaves escape and journey safely to freedom. Attempts made through the Underground Railroad were made at tremendous risk for those fleeing slavery and anyone who helped along the way. Mr. Speaker, I am proud that the people of Indiana were an important part of the national effort to help slaves attain their freedom. Indiana contained several routes and stopping points of the Underground Railroad. The Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, in Indianapolis, founded in 1836 by William Paul Quinn and Augustus Turner, became active in the antislavery movement, often harboring fugitive slaves en route to Canada. Their promotion of the abolitionist movement and their activities in the Underground Railroad were not well received by some members of the local community. Promoters of slavery are believed to be the culprit behind the fire that destroyed this church in 1862. The town of Westfield, directly north of Indianapolis, was known as the ``North-Central Station of the Underground Railroad.'' This town was the last hope for slave hunters to recapture a slave. Once a fugitive slave traveled this far north, he or she was considered safe. The home of Levi and Catherine Coffin in Fountain City was referred to as ``The Grand Central Station of the Underground Railroad.'' Three main lines of the Underground Railroad from Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Indiana, Madison and Jeffersonville, converged at Fountain City and the Coffin's home. They helped more than 2,000 runaway slaves escape to freedom, using their home as a principal depot. A Kentucky slave owner was the originator of the name ``Underground Railroad'' when he referred to the Coffin's home and said, ``they must have an underground railroad running hereabouts, and Levi Coffin must be the President of it.'' Simeon and Rachel Halliday, characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin are based on the Coffins. Its heroine, Eliza Harris, also stayed with the Coffins as a fugitive for several days. Eleutherian College classroom and chapel building, located on State Route 250--just east of Lancaster, Indiana, constructed between 1854 and 1856, was the first college in Indiana to admit students without regard to race or gender. Three of the college's trustees, Samuel Tibbetts, Lyman Hoyt, and James Nelson, were among the most active participants in the Underground Railroad in and around Lancaster. Lancaster was a known stop for fugitive slaves traveling from Madison, Indiana to Indianapolis. Eleutherian College embodied its founders antislavery sentiments, and the school's location, atop the highest hill in the area, was a physical and symbolic statement of the community's beliefs. Near West Franklin in Posey County, runaway slaves were helped across the Ohio River. Lake, Porter, and LaPorte counties all had places where slaves could be hidden until they could be smuggled on boats and carried farther north on the Underground Railroad network. Evansville was another place where the slaves crossed the Ohio River. The Indiana city was the home of many freed slaves, who provided places for the runaways to hide. Another crossing of the Ohio River was between Owensboro in Kentucky, and Rockport in Indiana. Rockport has a regular crossing at the mouth of the Indiana Creek. I would like to praise the individuals on the following list of names of Underground Railroad Operators from Indiana, divided by county: Bartholomew--John Hall, Willis Newsom, Parker, Willis Parks, John Thomas, Wears; Bond--James Douglass, Anthony Hill, Robert McFarland, John A. McLain, James Rosbrough, James Wafer; Boone--Samuel Johns; Carroll--Robert Montgomery; Cass--J.E. Crain, Dr. Ruel Faber, Jim Hill, Barton R. Keep, William M. Kreider, W.T.S. Manly, Joseph Patterson, Jeptha Powell, Josiah O. Powell, Lemuel Powell, Lyourgus Powell, William Powell, Thomas T. Tomlinson, Turner, Capt. Vigus, Batley White; Dearborn--John Collier, Ralph Collier, John Hansell, Thomas Smith; Decatur--Cady, Capen, Luther Donnell, A.W. Knapp, Taylor; Delaware-- Swain; Elkhart--Dr. Matchett; Gibson--Rev. McCormack; Grant--Charles Baldwin, Nathan Coggeshall, Aaron Hill, David Jay, John Ratliff, John Shugart; Hendricks--Harlan Harvey, Dr. T.B. Harvey, Dr. William F. Harvey, Elisha Hobbs; Henry--Isaac Adamson, John Bales, Jonathan Bond, Charles Burley, William Charuness, Jr., Roger Edgerton, Seth Hinshaw, Dr. Iddings, Jesse Jessup, Tidaman Jessup, Enoch Macy, Jonathan Macy, Lilburne Macy, Phebe Macy, William Macy, Alpheus Saint, W.D. Schooley, Mrs. Jane Small, Caleb Wickersham; Howard--Daniel Jones; Jackson-- Richard Cox, WIllis Parks; Jefferson--James Baxter, John Carr, Robert Eliott, Louis Hickland, Judge Stephens, Rev. Robert Stephenson, Isaac Waggner, Jacob Wagner; Jay--Baird, Brown family, Thomas Gray, Haines Family, Hopkins family, Jonah Ira, Enos Lewis, Mendenahll family, Joshus Puxon, Williams family, Wright family; Jennings--Bland, Aaron Deney, Thomas Deney, Jacob Hale, Felix Hicklen, James Hicklen, Dr. John Hicklen, Louis Hicklen, Thomas Hicklen, Marshall, Eli Stanley, James Stott, Samuel Stott; Kosciuko--Gordon, Thomas Harpers, Chauncsy Hurlburts; LaPorte--Dr. George M. Dakin, Harper, Rev., W.B. Williams; Montgomery--Samuel Clarke, Fisher Doherty, Elmers, Emmons, John Speed; Morgan--Williams; Nobel--Waterhouse, Stutely Whitford; Parke--Alfred Hadley, W.P. Stanley; Putnam--Parker S. Browder, ``Singing'' Joe Hillis; Randolph--Alexanders, Amos Bond, John H. Bond, John Clayton, Willis Crane, Bury Diggs, Jr., Daniel Jones, John A. Moorman, Soloman Rinard, Samuel Smith, Lemuel Wiggins, A. Worth, Soloman Wright, Zimri; Ripley--James Bland, Dr. A.P. Cady, Dautherd, Francis Holton, Henry Hughes, Walter Hulse, Henry King, Duncan McDowell, Washington L. McDowell, F.M. Merrell, Willett Neil, George Passmore, Joseph Passmore, Ervin Queer, Hiram Smith, John S. Van Cleave, Jared Van Cleave, Henry Waddle, James Waggoner; Rush--Tristan Cogeshall, John H. Frazee, Johathan I. Gray, Henry Henley, Milton Hill, Sidiman Jessop, Henry Macy, Robert Patterson, Zachareal Small, Abraham Small, Elisha B. White; Steuben--Lewis Barnard, Capt. Butler Barry, Henry Butler, M.B. Butler, S. Seymour, S.W. Clark, Allen Fox, Denison Fox, J.A. Fox, Judge Gale, Hendry, Samuel Jackson, Augustus Kimball, S. McGowan, Nelson Newton, Rev. E.R. Spear, Waterhouse; Tippecanoe--Lewis Falley, Moses Hockett, Benjamin Hollingsworth, John Hollingsworth, John Robinson; Union--William Beard, Dr. Casterline, J.P. Elliott, Edwin Gardner, Joel Hayworth, William Huddleson, John Maxwell, Gabriel Smith; Vermilion-- William Beard; Wabash--Avery Brace, William Hayward, Maurice Placo; Washington--James L. Thompson; William Penn Trueblood; Wayne--William John Charnnese Charles, Daniel Clark, John Coe, Levi Coffin, Gogshalls, George DeBaptiste, Thomas Edgerton, Thomas Frazier, Reuben Goems, Jonath Haddleson, Harris, James Hayworth, Daniel Hill, William Hough, Daniel Huff, Zimri Huff, Dr. Johnson, Lewis, Malsbys, Mareys, Maxwell family, Samuel Moore, Samuel Nixon, Overman, Daniel Puckett, Able Roberts, Dr. Benjamin Stanton, Ira Stanley, Luke Thomas, Lewis Thornburg, Jonathan Unthank, Dr. Henry Way, John Whippo, David Wilcuts, John F. Williams, Martha Wooton; White--James Lawrie; Miscellaneous-- Honorable Isaac Brandt, Maxwell, Dr. A.J. Smith, and Talberts. The Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Program will provide an educational program dedicated to preserving, displaying and distributing the history of the Underground Railroad, and therefore allowing Americans of all walks of life to understand the important contribution to the history of the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad is a story of great courage and determination and the struggle for freedom in this country. It teaches us the important lessons about liberty, understanding, cooperation and reconciliation.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding time to me. Mr. Speaker, I will be very quick, because we have heard very eloquent and profound statements in support of the resolution. I, too, obviously, rise in support of the resolution. Let me paraphrase, if you will, a commentary that appeared in the San Antonio press. It said, ``The monster of racism is born in fear, it is fathered by hate, and mothered by ignorance. Byrd's murder is a reminder that, left unchallenged, the monster grows stronger, always ready to strike.'' It is important to note, I believe, that the last street on which James Byrd walked before he was murdered was named Dr. Martin Luther King, Junior. Dr. Martin Luther King, as we all know, stood for nonviolence, and the fact that Mr. Byrd has met an untimely fate in the manner that he has drives us to renew our support of Dr. Martin Luther King's movement on nonviolence. Indeed, Jasper, Texas, does not have a monopoly on incidents of this kind. They occur too often across America. I encourage Members' support of this resolution.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Madam Speaker, I need no sanction from the United States Congress to confirm my abiding faith and do not need congressional authority to pray when and where I desire. The unanimous Declaration of Independence of July 1776 says that when in the course of human events, to paraphrase it, it becomes necessary to exercise a vote of solemn conscience to uphold and defend the Constitution, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires a declaration of the causes which impel the stand, that vote, in the service of the oath of this high office of our Congress. Our vote to uphold what our forefathers so eloquently wrote, that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. These are the very first words of the very first change of the fundamental document at the root, the base of our scheme of government: the first amendment to the United States Constitution. Much has been said in support of this proposal to amend, that it will redress and resolve a crisis endangering religious freedom. It is also urged that our moral decline or even school gun violence will be arrested by amending the Constitution. Yet crisis often helps faith to flower. In this time of asserted crises our citizen of all walks of life are everywhere engaged in religious pursuits, praying, worshipping, building churches, helping those less fortunate to find comfort and faith and nourishment. The crisis that was the life of cruel deprivation suffered by so many who worked so hard and gave so much to make America so great worked wonders in the creation of our Nation, and religious worship survived and came to flourish. There is written in the book of Matthew: But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou has shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Mother Teresa was once quoted as saying that, Prayer is needed for children. Children need to learn to pray, and they need to have their parents pray with them. Madam Speaker, I recognize that the vote that we cast here today, the way we vote today will come under rigid political scrutiny. I commend those who, like Paul, remain unmovable and unshakable in our abounding belief in the Constitution as it now stands. I will cast my vote to uphold the Constitution as it now stands. I would encourage my colleagues to do likewise.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today because, as a Member of this body, we start off on each legislative day with a prayer; we pledge allegiance to the flag, declaring liberty and justice for all people. And to borrow a passage of scripture, I would simply say to all of my colleagues on both sides of the aisle ``come and let us reason together.'' I believe that all of my colleagues in this body certainly have a good heart. Whether it has been bypassed or put in a pump or whatever, the heart still works. And I would trust that we would amass sufficient votes to oppose the rule, inasmuch as it injures 250,000 legal immigrants. The legal immigrants, as we have heard several times today, are elderly people, disabled people. And those of my colleagues who are readers of the Bible, please know that there are at least 35 references to poor people. Hungry people are mentioned in the Bible as well. And it is distressing that these provisions are here. I would encourage my colleagues to defeat the rule. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong opposition to this rule. The bi- partisan effort achieved in the agricultural research conference report to restore food stamp benefits to 250 thousand legal immigrants is to be applauded. These legal immigrants are the elderly and disabled immigrants who were legally in the United States and were eligible to receive food stamps before the Welfare Reform Act of 1996, as well as the children under age 18 who were in the United States at this same time. I would like to remind my colleagues that this restoration of food stamp benefits was fully offset by lowering the cap on the amount of money the Federal Government will reimburse the States for food stamp administrative costs. It is distressing that these provisions were overwhelmingly supported by the other body and that a House-Senate conference committee approved these provisions unanimously and yet this rule singles out food stamps and promises to eradicate this bipartisan compromise. If this rule is not defeated--the effect will be that 250 thousand deserving children, elderly and disabled in our Nation will be denied the food stamp benefits they desperately need.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoidably absent on Wednesday, May 20, attending a family funeral. As a result, I missed rollcall votes 165 through 174. Had I been present, I would have voted ``no'' on rollcall 165, ``no'' on 166, ``yes'' on 167, ``yes'' on 168, ``yes'' on 169, ``yes'' on 170, ``yes'' on 171, ``yes'' on 172, ``no'' on 173 and ``yes'' on 174.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, due to official business in my district, I was unavoidably absent on Tuesday, May 5, and Wednesday, May 6, and, as a result, missed rollcall votes 125-135. Had I been present, I would have voted no on rollcall 122, yes on rollcall 123, yes on rollcall 124, yes on rollcall 125, yes on rollcall 126, no on rollcall 127, no on rollcall 128, yes on rollcall 129, yes on rollcall 130, yes on rollcall 131, yes on rollcall 132, no on rollcall 133, no on rollcall 134, and finally, yes on rollcall 135.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to a remarkable young woman from Indianapolis, Indiana. I am proud to announce that Ms. Gretchen Sneegas, a sixth grader at New Augusta Middle School, will be honored today (April 30, 1998) as this year's Midwest Regional Youth Advocate of the Year by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Ms. Sneegas is one of six individual youth activists and one teen tobacco-control group to be honored by the CAMPAIGN in 1998. The Youth Advocates of the Year Awards, now in their third year, were created to encourage tobacco control activism and leadership among the nation's youth. Ms. Sneegas was nominated by Susan Chitwood, Community Development Director of the Indianapolis division of the American Cancer Society, for her dedication to tobacco control efforts from the state house to the school house. An aggressive advocate for change, Gretchen pushed for a state ban on cigarette vending machines, even going so far as to provide state lawmakers with photographic evidence of how easy it is for kids to buy cigarettes in this way. She has also learned how to reach out to her peers and motivate other young people to get involved in this fight. When Indiana's State Legislature overrode the Governor's veto of a bill that prevented local governments from restricting the sale of tobacco products, she mobilized young people from all across Indiana to stage a protest at the State Capitol. The Youth Advocates of the Year Awards recognize that kids are not just part of the problem--they can be a powerful part of the solution. This award is presented during the same week of Surgeon General David Satcher's timely report on Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups. This report underscores the urgent need for comprehensive legislation to reduce youth smoking. According to this report, smoking rates among minority groups, particularly teens, are on the rise. In Indiana alone, 37.8 percent of High School kids currently smoke cigarettes, and 13.9 percent of High School kids use smokeless tobacco. The Center for Disease Control projects--of these Indiana teenagers who smoke--140,645 kids currently under the age of 18 will die prematurely from tobacco-related disease. I thank the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids for selecting Ms. Sneegas. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.--I applaud the CAMPAIGN for its dedication to providing opportunities encouraging youth to get involved in tobacco control activities in their communities and at the state and national levels. I am very pleased to have this opportunity to acknowledge and honor inspiring young individuals like Ms. Sneegas who have worked hard to keep America's kids tobacco-free. They are youth leaders who actively take a stand for and with other kids demanding tobacco-free lives and healthier futures--and they make a difference!

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to claim the time of the gentleman from Guam (Mr. Underwood).

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to a unique and great American. Mary Hulman was Chair of the board of directors of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway when she died 2 weeks ago at the age of 93. Most Americans would not recognize her, but they heard Mary Hulman's voice many times over the years at the Indianapolis 500 when she commanded the drivers ``Gentlemen, start your engines.'' That may have been her highest-profile activity, but Mary Hulman was much more. She was well-known for her generous philanthropic public service, even though she contributed with little fanfare. She was a major benefactor and board member of several organizations, including Rose- Hulman Institute of Technology, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, the Indianapolis Museum of Art and Swope Art Museum in Terre Haute. Ms. Hulman was steadfast in her devotion to her Catholic faith and her support for Catholic charities. The Indianapolis Star said in an editorial that Mary Hulman always exemplified Jesus' teaching in the gospel of Matthew that giving should be done away from the blare of trumpets and the sight of men. She never sought recognition for her charity work and always looked for ways that she could do more. Mary Hulman was born into a wealthy family but she never acted as though wealth was her birthright. She knew that much is expected from those who have received much. Over the years, Mary Hulman gave away much of her fortune. Her gifts included $3.5 million to the Indianapolis Museum of Art and $2 million to Indiana State University for a student union complex. Her daughter's love of horses led Mary Hulman to give $629,000 to endow the Mari Hulman George School of Equine studies at St. Mary-in- the-Woods College. She also donated $500,000 needed to repair the college's science building. Mary Hulman served on the development board of Wabash College and was active in the Public Health Nursing Association of Terre Haute. She also served on many agencies for the benefit of St. Anthony's Hospital in Terre Haute. She was the granddaughter of Hermann Fendrich, a German immigrant and the founder of the LaFendrich Cigar Company. Her father took over the company and operated it until his death. In 1926, Mary married Tony Hulman and lived in Terre Haute, where Tony was a well-known and prosperous businessman. Tony Hulman was the owner of the speedway for many years. Together he and Mary worked to keep the Indianapolis 500 the world's premier event in motor racing. Legendary racer A.J. Foyt said that the new generation of racers will never know the struggles and hardship of Tony and Mary Hulman that they endured to make the speedway an international success. The Hulmans had taken Foyt in and given him food and a place to stay when he was a young man down on his luck. Mary was known for her kindness to new racers coming up through the ranks. Mary Hulman thought her husband had bought a pig in a poke when in 1945 he acquired the speedway. But later she said, ``I was wrong.'' Last year Mary Hulman was inducted into the Speedway Hall of Fame. St. Francis of Assisi said, ``When there is charity and wisdom, there is neither fear nor ignorance.'' Mary Hulman spent her life dispelling fear and ignorance through her support of education and charity to the less fortunate. Mary Hulman set an example for Americans in selflessness and sacrifice. The world is truly a better place for her 93 years of life. Mr. Speaker, I include the following editorial from the Indianapolis Star on the life of Mary Hulman. [From the Indianapolis Star, Apr. 14, 1998] A Gentle Lady Matthew's Gospel counsels that charitable giving be done in quiet, away from the blare of trumpets and the sight of men: ``. . . let not thy left hand know what they right hand doeth.'' That advice characterized the generosity and spirit of Mary Fendrich Hulman, who committed her life to worthwhile causes yet managed to escape the spotlight that surround one of Indiana's richest and most prominent families. The widow of longtime Speedway owner Tony Hulman died Friday at age 93. A Mass of Christian Burial will be at 12:05 p.m. today in St. Benedict Catholic Church, Terre Haute. Although she shied away from publicity, Mrs. Hulman couldn't avoid the annual minute of global fame that accompanied the start of the Indy 500 when she issued the legendary command, ``Gentlemen, start your engines.'' It was a duty she assumed after her husband's death in 1977 and continued to take seriously even after her health began to fail a few years back. Married to a millionaire businessman, Mrs. Hulman had philanthropic resources in her own right as the granddaughter of Hermann Fendrich, a German immigrant who founded LaFendrich Cigar Co. A patron of the arts, Mrs. Hulman was a trustee of the Indianapolis Museum of Art and a member of the board of overseers of Terre Haute's Swope Art Museum. Her financial contributions to museum, church and higher education institutions were innumerable. Her faith and love of the Catholic Church were unmistakable. ``Always gracious and unassuming, she quietly provided assistance for the museum's ongoing programs and for projects she knew would benefit the community and the state,'' noted Richard Wood, chairman of the board of governors of the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Mrs. Hulman was an important figure in the racing world and remembered for her hospitality to drivers and their families. In 1997, she was inducted into the Speedway Hall of Fame along with two-time Indy winner Gordon Johncock. But her role in this community far exceeded just being the wife of a very famous man. Her commitment to community leaves a legacy that rivals the motorsports legacy left by her late husband.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, today several of my colleagues and I join 12-year-old Hunter Scott in his outstanding efforts to correct an injustice dealt to the skipper and crew of a World War II battle cruiser. The U.S.S. Indianapolis was torpedoed and sunk just before the end of the war, in the U.S. Navy's worst disaster at sea. Hunter Scott, a 7th grader at Ransom Middle School of Cantonment, Florida, researched the story of the U.S.S. Indianapolis as a school history project. This week, today, he came to Washington to ask Congress to exonerate Charles McVay, the ship's captain, who was court- martialed for the loss of the ship. Hunter has been able to do what adults have been unable to do for 53 years. He has drawn attention to the story of the Indianapolis, and now we are preparing to give the crew and captain of the ship the recognition that they so rightfully deserve. The U.S.S. Indianapolis was sunk by a Japanese submarine in 1945 after delivering the components of the atom bomb to Tinian Island in the Pacific. Only 316 of the 1,916 soldiers who served on the U.S.S. Indianapolis survived to be rescued. The crew was adrift at sea without lifeboats, food, or water for 4\1/ 2\ days. More than 500 were eaten by sharks or succumbed to injuries or the elements. During this time, the failure of the ship to arrive in port at the Philippines went totally unnoticed. The ship's Captain, Charles B. McVay III, was convicted in a 1946 court-martial. He was the first U.S. naval officer ever to be tried and convicted following the loss of his ship in combat. McVay committed suicide in 1968. Captain McVay's conviction was based on the fact that he failed to zigzag the ship, but his superiors never gave him information that a Japanese submarine was patrolling the area. In addition, the Japanese captain of the submarine said before the trial that he would have sunk the ship even if it had been zigzagging. Evidence suggests that the Navy made McVay a scapegoat for the embarrassing loss of the ship and tragic death of most of the crew. Because McVay's court-martial severely tarnished the ship's reputation, the crew of the Indianapolis has gone without recognition for 53 years. Today, my colleague and I introduced legislation to reverse this injustice to Captain McVay and the crew of the U.S.S. Indianapolis. The enactment of the bill would exonerate Captain McVay of the responsibility for sinking the U.S.S. Indianapolis. It would express the sense of Congress that the court-martial conviction of McVay was a grave injustice. It urges the President to grant a posthumous pardon to Captain McVay and expresses the sense of Congress that the President not only award a Presidential Unit Citation to the crew of the U.S.S. Indianapolis in recognition of their courage and fortitude but it waives any time limit applicable to such a situation. Twelve of the survivors of the sinking of the U.S.S. Indianapolis came to Washington to join Hunter in his crusade. After the ship sank, they endured almost 5 days adrift in shark-infested waters, where two-thirds of their shipmates perished from shark attacks, hunger, thirst, and exposure. Let us, at long last, understand that justice delayed is justice denied and recognize in a very patriotic fashion the kind of sacrifices that were rendered at that particular time. The Walt Disney Channel on Sunday has a very special and unique presentation about the U.S.S. Indianapolis.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, 2 days the ago the Nation was shocked when two adolescent boys opened fire on the students at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas, which killed four students and a teacher. Eleven others were wounded. One of the boys had told his friends that he had a lot of killing to do, according to the police. Teacher Shannon Wright died trying to shield another student from the deadly fire. She was 32, the mother of a 2\1/2\ year old son. The police found a cache of guns at the site. Just yesterday, a 14-year-old boy in Daly City, California tried to shoot his school principal, Matteo Rizzo, who had disciplined the boy last week for fighting with a schoolmate. The shot fortunately missed Rizzo and lodged in the wall behind him. Today I have had a report from my home district of Indianapolis that a 7-year-old boy brought a loaded gun to school in his knapsack. When confronted by teachers, the boy said he had been threatened and brought the gun to school for his protection. Last December, a boy opened fire on a student prayer circle at a high school in West Paducah, Kentucky, killing three students and wounding five. Two months earlier, two students died in a shooting in Pearl, Mississippi. And in December, a student wounded two students when he opened fire in a school in Stamps, Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, we are facing a crisis when young kids can get guns easily and take them to school. Marion County, Indiana, a part of which I represent, has seen 115 children die by firearms in the last 5 years. Of these deaths, 33 were from handguns. Statewide in Indiana, some 40 children 19 and younger committed suicide with firearms in 1995. Four of these suicides were by children aged 10 to 14. Eighteen children died from firearm accidents in 1995. Nationwide, more than 1,000 children aged 14 and younger committed suicide with firearms from 1986 to 1992, according to the Center to Prevent Handgun Violence. More than 1,700 were killed in accidents. An average of 14 teenagers and children are killed by guns each day. Children committing acts of violence are not the only problem we have with children and guns. Adults carelessly leave guns around children and can be just as dangerous. Just this past Sunday in Indianapolis, a 3-year-old boy accidentally shot and critically wounded his mother's boyfriend. This man allowed a 3-year-old to hold his 9-millimeter handgun. Apparently the gun owner removed the ammunition clip but failed to remove the one round in the firing chamber. The boy pulled the trigger and the bullet struck the owner in the abdomen. Two years ago, Michelle Miller of Indianapolis lost her 3-year-old son when a boyfriend let the child play with his gun. The gun went off, killing the child. As part of her sentence, Michelle is telling her story in public and urging families with guns to keep the weapons away from their children. Mr. Speaker, what are 3-year-olds doing with guns? The Indianapolis Police Department responded to the most recent incident saying that gun owners should keep their weapons locked and out of the reach of children. According to the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence, half of all gun owners keep their firearms in an unlocked area. One fourth keep their firearms unlocked and loaded, leaving their guns very vulnerable to threat, accidental shooting, suicides, and homicides. Fortunately, we in Congress can do something to increase the safety of guns that are kept in homes and to keep guns out of the hands of children. H.R. 1047 that requires that handguns come equipped with safety locks is one such measure. A safety lock fits over the trigger of the gun, disabling the weapon until it is removed. With safety locks, parents would be able to secure guns and prevent their use either by their children or someone who steals their guns. We cannot force parents to use safety locks, but we can make sure that they are provided with a safety lock which every gun should carry. That bill that I referenced is a simple, commonsense solution that we should enact immediately, and that is to require that trigger locks be placed on unattended guns so that our children cannot just use them wantonly. Perhaps we could look at ways to lock guns when they are manufactured, and require manufacturers to implement trigger lock devices in the manufacturing of firearms. And yes, I know that gun lobbies across this country would be opposed to this, but we as Members of Congress must step up very boldly and responsibly and act accordingly to the sentiments of this country and to the protection of our children.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, the American College of Sports Medicine is a colorful kaleidoscope of people and professions bound together by a commitment to using medicine and exercise to develop a better quality of life. They are committed to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sports-related injuries and the advancement of exercise. Their mission is to promote and integrate scientific research, education, and practical applications of sports medicine and exercise science to maintain and enhance physical performance, fitness, health, and quality of life. In 1983, the American College of Sports Medicine broke ground as one of the anchor projects for the Indianapolis Canal Area Redevelopment. Now, 15 years later, they are coming full circle and breaking ground on the last lot on the Canal Development Project. This expansion will allow them to provide the needed technology and services at the national headquarters of the world's premier sports medicine and exercise organization. By making Indianapolis their home, the American College of Sports Medicine is a jewel in the City of Indianapolis' amateur sports crown.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, since the inception of the Black History celebration, an idea that was inspired by Dr. Carver G. Woodson, the world has become acquainted with the myriad of contributions of African-American achievement. I rise today to pay tribute to a woman, Madame C.J. Walker, who contributed to black history and to the larger picture of American history, who resided in Indiana's 10th Congressional District. The Walker Building in my district is on the Register of Historic Places. For these reasons the Postal Service honored Madame C.J. Walker last month with a commemorative stamp in the 10th District of Indianapolis, Indiana. Madame Walker was born Sara Breedlove. She was America's first woman self-made millionaire. Overcoming a life of poverty, this orphaned daughter of slaves rose from washwoman to entrepreneur. In 1905, she developed a conditioning treatment for hair. Her pioneering hair care methods and products transformed the appearance and self-image of African-American women. As a business woman, Madame Walker was the master of door-to-door sales through the demonstration of her products in homes, in churches, and club meetings. As an innovative chemist, she experimented with herbs, ointments and chemicals and she developed an effective product that revolutionized black hair care. By 1910, when Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company was created in Indianapolis, Walker had perfected the direct marketing technique used today by companies such as Mary Kay. At the height of Madame Walker's success, the company had 3,000 workers, including sales agents, factory workers, public relations persons, marketing specialists and chemists. As a leader and advocate for women, most of her employees were women. The company provided an alternative to the traditional domestic service jobs that had been reserved for black women, truly a visionary action before women had won the right to vote even. Furthermore, in Madame Walker's will was a provision that the company she founded always be headed by women. As a philanthropist, Madame Walker did much to promote racial and women's equality. At home, she contributed to Flanner House in Indianapolis, Bethel AME, the Alpha Home and the Senate Avenue YMCA. On the national level, she was an avid supporter of the NAACP, the Tuskegee Institute and the Mary McLeod Normal School. She encouraged her agents to support black philanthropic work by forming ``Walker Clubs'' and giving cash prizes to the clubs performing the largest amount of community charity work. I am grateful and proud that Madame Walker left such a rich legacy for not only me and my constituents in Indianapolis but for all of America. Indeed, if there was ever a person who personified the notion of self-determination and self-help, Madame C.J. Walker was that person. At a time when society could have strictly defined Madame Walker, she was the author of her own destiny and a beacon of inspiration for African-Americans and to all Americans, and women in particular.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise on a very humble occasion to pay tribute to the life and work of Dr. John Morton-Finney, a 108-year-old gentleman of my district, and for whom family, friends and admirers paid final tribute on last Saturday. Dr. John Morton-Finney, the son of George and Mattie M. Gordon Morton-Finney, was born in 1889 in Uniontown, Kentucky. He was the son of a former slave. His ancestors migrated from Ethiopia to what is now Nigeria before becoming enslaved in America. He was reared in a family in which the old people never forgot about their African heritage. Mr. Morton-Finney was the last surviving member of the World War I Army unit of black soldiers known as the Buffalo soldiers. Dr. Morton- Finney was also the oldest veteran in the State of Indiana. He never spoke of his involvement as an infantryman in World War I, except to note with pride that he had a citation from General John J. Pershing. During World War II, he was cited for work in the distribution of rationing tickets. After being honorably discharged from World War I, Dr. Morton-Finney began teaching languages in black colleges, including Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, and Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. In 1922, he learned there were openings in the Indianapolis public schools. He decided to join Crispus Attucks High School, of which I am a proud graduate; and he was hired to teach Latin, Greek, German, Spanish and French, some of the languages that he spoke fluently. His career spanned 47 years as teacher, department head and administrator, enriching the lives of his students and colleagues. Mr. Speaker, I often tell my grandsons, Andre Carson and Sam Carson, that I wish they had an intimate opportunity to meet Dr. Morton-Finney, because they certainly could have learned a lot from a man who had five earned degrees in law. He had a JD from Indiana University School of Law, AB from Butler, and the list of his earned certificates span probably most of my life. Then he was also cited with a lot of awards for the good work that he did in touching the lives of young people. He often reflected on the tangible awards and citations that he received and his achievement. Dr. Benjamin Mays, formerly at Morehouse and now Mr. Morton-Finney having joined him in the hereafter, once said, ``How can I articulate the depth of my respect and the degree of my admiration for a young man who excelled in life beyond the reach of anyone else?'' And Dr. Mays said that, ``It must be borne in mind, however, that the tragedy in life does not lie in reaching your goal. The tragedy lies in having no goal to reach. It is a calamity to die with dreams unfulfilled and it is a calamity not to dream.'' ``No vision and you perish; no ideal and you are lost; your heart must ever cherish some faith at any cost.'' I think that it is imperative for the Congress of the United States to recognize the life and work of Dr. John Martin Finney, who could have easily been a Member of the United States Congress or could have easily been President of these United States, given the amount of attributes and academic achievements that he amassed in his 108 years that he was among us, a very fine individual. I wanted to pay a special tribute to his daughter Gloria Martin Finney who taught in the Indianapolis public school system for many years and worked in the administration of the Indianapolis public schools, but I think it is important as well that Dr. John Martin Finney from Indianapolis, Indiana, be saluted for all of the fine work that he did do during his lifetime. Mr. Speaker, I rise on this most humble occasion to pay tribute to the life and work of Dr. John Morton-Finney, a 108 year old gentleman of my district and for whom family, friends and admirers paid final tributes on Saturday, January 31, 1997. Dr. John Morton-Finney, the son of George Morton-Finney and Mattie M. Gordon Morton-Finney, was born June 25, 1889 in Uniontown, Kentucky. The son of a former Kentucky slave, his ancestors migrated from Ethiopia to what is now Nigeria before becoming enslaved in America. He was reared in a family in which the old people never forgot about their African Heritage. The last surviving member of the World War I Army unit of black soldiers known as the Buffalo Soldiers, Dr. Morton-Finney was also the oldest veteran in Indiana. He never spoke of his involvement as an infantry in World War I, except to note with pride that he has a citation from General John J. Pershing. During World War II, he was cited for work in the distribution of rationing tickets. After being honorably discharged from World War I, Dr. Morton-Finney began teaching languages in black colleges including Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, and Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri. In 1922, he learned there were openings in the Indianapolis public schools. He decided to join the system and was hired to teach Greek, Latin, German, Spanish, and French, some of the languages he spoke fluently. His career spanned over forty-seven years, as teacher, department head and administrator, enriching the lives of students and his colleagues in the system. He arrived from St, Louis, Missouri, newly married to the former Pauline Ray, a native of Geneva, New York, and a graduate of Cornell University. Together they enjoyed over fifty-two years of marital contentment, and a daughter, Gloria Ann, was born to their union. A learned man, Dr. Morton-Finney's education included: Pd.B., Lincoln Institute, 1916 A.B., Lincoln Institute, 1920 A.B., State University of Iowa, 1922 A.M. (Ed.), Indiana University, Bloomington, 1925 A.M. (French), Indiana University, Bloomington, 1933 L.L.B., Lincoln College of Law, 1935 L.L.B., Indiana Law School, 1944 L.L.B., Indiana University, 1944 J.D., Indiana University School of Law, 1946 A.B., Butler University, 1965 Litt. D., Lincoln University, 1985 L.H.D., Butler University, 1989 Diploma Trial Advocacy, NITA, 1987 L.L.D., Martin University, 1995 Certificate of Meditation in Indiana, ICLEF, 1992 Certificate of Meditation in Indiana, Indiana Bar Association In addition to the immeasurable rewards a teacher gets from touching the lives of young people, Dr. Morton-Finney often reflected on the tangible awards and citations that he received and his achievements: Superintendent's License, 1st Grade, Life, Indiana Public Schools Veteran, W.W.I., A.E.F., France 1918 Member of the Bar of Indiana Supreme Court, 1935 Member of the Bar of U.S. District Court, 1941 Member of the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1972 Administrator and teacher, Indianapolis Public Schools forty-seven (47) years Member of the bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana sixty-one (61) years Member Emeritus Club, Indiana University Faculty, 1975 Crowned Adeniran, I, Paramount Chief of Yoruba Descendants in Indiana, U.S.A. by Council of Yoruba Chiefs of Nigeria, West Africa on August 31, 1979, in an authentic African ceremony at the Children's Museum in Indianapolis, Indiana Distinguished Graduate, School of Education Award by Indiana University Alumni Association, 1983 Certificate Award by Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Indiana for Public Service, June 9, 1989 White House Invitation by President George Bush, 1990 Certificate of recognition, Board of School Commissioners, Indianapolis Public Schools, May 22, 1990 Inducted into the Hall of Fame, National Bar Association, Washington, D.C., August 9, 1991 Sagamore of the Wabash Award by Indiana Governor Kentucky Colonel Award by Kentucky Governor, 1994 Honorary Member of U.S. 9th and 10th (Horse) Calvary Association, 1995 Harvard University Invitation and Recipient of Harvard's Certificate of Award for Public Service Certificate Awarded by Indianapolis City Council for Public Service, 1995 Certificate Award by Mayor of Indianapolis for Public Service Oldest Practicing Attorney in U.S. on June 25, 1996, at age one hundred and seven years Only surviving Buffalo Soldier of the U.S. Army How can I articulate the depth of my respect and the degree of my admiration for a young man who excelled in life beyond the reach of anyone else. His thirst for academic excellence, his zeal for molding character and academic achievement among all who was fortunate to be his student. He envisioned this country's move to a global economy when he mastered and taught so many foreign languages. He was one of my favorite teachers at Crispus Attucks High School. Dr. Benjamin Mays said: It must be borne in mind, however, that the tragedy in life does not lie in reaching your goal. The tragedy lies in having no goal to reach. It is not a calamity to die with dreams unfilled, but it is a calamity not to dream. It is not a disaster to be unable to capture your ideal, but it is a disaster to have no ideal to capture. It is not a disgrace not to reach the stars, but it is a disgrace to have no stars to reach for. Not failure, but low aim is the sin. Harriet du Autermont has beautifully said: No vision and you perish; No ideal, and you're lost; Your heart must ever cherish Some faith at any cost. Some hope, some dream to cling to, Some rainbow in the sky, Some melody to sing to, Some service that is high To state it another way, man must live by some unattainable goal, some goal that beckons him on, but a goal so loft, so all-embracing that it can never be attained. In poetry it is expressed in many ways. Man shall not live by bread alone. Man must live by affection and love; by forgiveness, forgiveness of man and the forgiveness of God; by God's grace, by the labors of many hands; by faith, faith in himself, faith in others, and by faith in God. And finally man must live by his dreams, his ideals, and unattainable goal, and what he aspires to be. Man shall not live by bread alone.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to announce that Mr. Tyree Coleman, from Indianapolis, IN has been honored with the Ameritech Award for Excellence in Crime Prevention. The National Crime Prevention Council and Ameritech selected Mr. Coleman from over 140 nominations. Mr. Coleman has proven that he is wise beyond his years through his leadership, insight, empathy for others, and pioneering efforts. Mr. Coleman was only 6 years old when he recognized the lack of constructive programs that were available at the Clearstream Gardens Public Housing Community in Indianapolis. Instead of participating in delinquent activities, Mr. Coleman and his peers walked through the community with poster board signs advocating for positive activity. This demonstration caught the attention of staff, community leaders, and the media. This attention resulted in the implementation of new activities and regular meetings involving youth. At the young age of 9, Mr. Coleman witnessed his 17-year-old brother getting shot. Fortunately, unlike so many of his friends, Mr. Coleman's brother survived the incident, but Mr. Coleman was motivated to continue developing alternatives to violent crime. He participated in the community's first Youth as Resources Project. Youth as Resources is a community-based program that allows young people to display their resourcefulness through youth led, youth implemented community service projects. At 12, while living at a homeless shelter, Mr. Coleman began a tutoring program with books donated from teachers and funds provided by a small Youth as Resources grant. He instituted an accountability system at the shelter that tracked students' attendance, behavior, and completion of homework. He also recognized his peers' commendable efforts with awards. After leaving the shelter he was active in the Near Eastside Community Organization Crime-Watch program. There, Mr. Coleman started a library in his neighborhood where he collected 7,000 books. Now, 18, Mr. Coleman is a senior at Northwest High School and the Chair of the Youth as Resources Marion County Action Board. His dedication to fighting crime has never diminished. I thank the National Crime Prevention Council and Ameritech for selecting Mr. Coleman. I applaud NCPC for its dedication to providing individuals with the tools to fight crime and build community, and Ameritech for its commitment to supporting crime prevention initiatives. I am pleased to have this opportunity to present hard working individuals like Mr. Coleman who have dedicated their lives to crime prevention.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Lawrence H. Einhorn of the Indiana University School of Medicine at Indianapolis was recently awarded the 1997 International Citizen of the Year Award by the International Center. Dr. Einhorn, a highly distinguished professor of medicine has demonstrated unparalled expertise in cancer education, research and treatment. The award distinguished Dr. Einhorn for his contribution in the world in concert with medicine, government, sports, community service, research, culture, education and business. His renowned success was made in the creation of chemotherapy treatment to cure disseminated testis cancer in 1974. This method led to a remarkable reduction in what had been a devastating disease. In partnership with Dr. John P. Donahue at the School of Medicine, 95 percent of those afflicted with testis cancer that are treated at a major medical clinic survive. Dr. Einhorn's dedication to medicine can also be seen in his previous achievements. Besides being chairman of numerous cancer study groups, clinical associations and serving as associate editor for several medical journals, he has received awards and shared his knowledge throughout America and the world. Not only has he accepted the highest honors from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology, he also won the French Jacquillat Award. We have all benefitted from Dr. Einhorn's research, commitment and accomplishments in the fight against cancer. I am pleased to congratulate him on his most recent honor, as it adds to the host of other awards he has won. I am confident that this recognition will serve as one of many along his career. We are most proud of Dr. Einhorn and his successful endeavors in behalf of patients now and in the future.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, on Thursday, November 7, 1997, I was necessarily absent conducting official business in my Congressional District and was unable to cast the following rollcall votes. Had I been present, I would have voted as follows and request that this explanation appear at the appropriate place in the Record: ``Yea'' on rollcall votes 592, 595, 598, and 605; ``nay'' on rollcall votes 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 593, 594, 596, 597, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, and 604. As a result of air traffic problems this morning, my return to Washington was delayed causing me to miss the first vote of the day. Had I been present, I would have voted ``nay'' on rollcall vote 606.

Ms. CARSON

Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to H.R. 2746. Mr. Speaker, education reform can succeed only if it benefits all of the students and not just a select few. To stand here on the floor of this august body and suggest that public schools manufactured the social problems that have been extolled here today such as guns, such as drugs, such as crime, such as teenage pregnancy, is a cruel hoax. Let us not try to fool the American people, and let us not be fooled ourselves. The vouchers in this bill are also a cruel hoax. They do not give all parents a choice in education. This proposal would not provide nearly enough money to pay for private school tuition for all children. With record enrollments, crumbling buildings, and the growing threats of crime and drugs that our public schools did not create, public schools are facing greater challenges than ever before. Children in public schools across the land do not have the basic materials that they need to get an education. Diverting resources to private schools is not the answer. Surely we can put the money to better use. Public schoolchildren need text books, library books, and other fundamental tools for learning. The globalization of the economy poses greater challenges to our children than those ever faced by previous generations, including myself. Today our children need math, science, and training in computers to be able to get on the first rung of competition for the jobs of the 21st century. Public schools need the resources to meet these challenges. I urge in the strongest possible terms that H.R. 2746 be defeated.