Mike DeWine

Mr. DeWINE

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Subcommittee on Communications be authorized to meet on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 9:30 a.m. on Implementation of Nielsen Local People Meter TV Rating System.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Thursday, July 15, at 2:30 p.m. The purpose of the hearings is to receive testimony on S. 1852, to provide financial assistance for the rehabilitation of the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial in Philadelphia, PA, and the development of an exhibit to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin; S. 2142, to authorize appropriations for the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route, and for other purposes; S. 2181, to adjust the boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park in the State of Colorado; S. 2374, to provide for the conveyance of certain land to the United States and to revise the boundary of Chickasaw National Recreation Area, OK, and for other purposes; S. 2397 and H.R. 3706, to adjust the boundary of the John Muir National Historic Site, and for other purposes; S. 2432, to expand the boundaries of Wilson's Creek Battlefield National Park, and for other purposes; S. 2567, to adjust the boundary of Redwood National Park in the State of California; and H.R. 1113, to authorize an exchange of land at Fort Frederica National Monument, and for other purposes.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a hearing on the nominations of Mr. Stuart Levey, of Maryland, to be Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement; Mr. Juan Carlos Zarate, of California, to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes; and Ms. Carin M. Barth, of Texas, to be the Chief Financial Officer, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Foreign Relations be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 1 p.m., to hold a hearing on the Gulf of Guinea and U.S. Strategic Energy Policy.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Foreign Relations be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 3 p.m., to hold a Members Briefing on Iraq.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs be authorized to meet on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 9 a.m., for a hearing entitled ``Money Laundering and Foreign Corruption: Enforcement and Effectiveness of the Patriot Act.''

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Select Committee on Intelligence be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on July 15, 2004, at 2:30 p.m., to hold a closed hearing on intelligence matters.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Special Committee on Aging be authorized to meet Thursday, July 15, 2004, from 2 p.m.-5 p.m. in Dirksen 628 for the purpose of conducting a hearing.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Subcommittee on Children and Families, be authorized to meet for a hearing on Pell Grants for Kids: It Worked for Colleges, Why Not K-12? during the session of the Senate on Thursday, July 15, 2004, at 10 a.m.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Armed Services be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on July 15, 2004, at 9:30 a.m., in closed session to receive a briefing regarding ICRC reports on U.S. military detainee operations in Iraq.

Mr. DeWINE

Mr. DeWINE. I inquire of the Chair how much time remains.

Mr. DeWINE. I thank my colleague for his very strong statement. Again, I congratulate him for all his great work. He has been just a wonderful advocate. His advocacy for this issue goes back many, many years. Let me yield to my friend and colleague from Virginia just for 2 minutes.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I thank my colleague for his support and for his very good statement. I yield at this time to my friend and colleague from Kentucky.

Mr. DeWINE. I yield to my colleague from Massachusetts.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that reading of the amendment be suspended.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I thank my colleague from Kentucky for his very good statement. I assure my colleague that with the language which has been drafted in the FDA section, we have taken certainly one of his concerns into consideration and the FDA is not allowed on the farm. There is protection in there. I appreciate his comments. I ask unanimous consent to add Senator Collins as a cosponsor of this amendment.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I thank my colleague for his eloquent statement. There are still some who question whether the tobacco industry is targeting young people. If anybody doubts that, I refer them to what the tobacco industry is continuing to do as far as advertising. Sports Illustrated is read by adults, but it is certainly read by kids, anybody who has a teenager who is interested in sports. And you don't have to be a teenager. Kids start reading Sports Illustrated when they are 9, 10 years old. I did. When you look at some of the advertising in Sports Illustrated, it is absolutely, unbelievably focused on kids. Here is an example. This is Sports Illustrated, 2002 NFL preview. Look at the back. An awful lot of kids are going to see that. Here is advertising for smokeless tobacco. Just take a look at that. ``Where's the chicks? Intense premium tobacco taste, Rooster, icy minute, the bold one.'' If that isn't targeted to kids, teenagers, I don't know what is. The next one, if that is not targeted to young kids, I don't know what is. I suppose it is targeted to someone 22, 23, but it is also targeted to someone 16. We know where they are going and what they are doing. Let me get back to some of the editorials. The Hartford Courant said it very well on June 14: Four decades ago the Government linked smoking to lung cancer and urged Americans to kick the habit. Now the Surgeon General Richard Carmona says the impact on health is ``even worse than we knew'' and has added nine diseases to a growing list conclusively linked to cigarettes. The latest includes leukemia, cataracts, pneumonia and cancers of the cervix, kidney, pancreas, and stomach. Although many people have quit, smoking remains the leading contributor of death in America, killing 440,000 people each year. Smokers typically die 13 to 14 years younger than do nonsmokers. With 2 percent of adults smoking, the rate is declining so slowly that the Government concedes it will not meet its goal of 12 percent by 2010. The Surgeon General's sobering report ought to stir Members of Congress to take up legislation to give the Food and Drug Administration authority to regulate tobacco. A proposed bill would let the FDA prohibit the marketing of tobacco to minors, require stronger warning labels, a listing of ingredients on packages, and limit the use of harmful chemicals in the product. That was from the Hartford Courant. An editorial from the Columbus Dispatch, May 30: Congress needs to grant FDA the power to regulate big tobacco. Because of its long history of reckless disregard for the truth, the tobacco industry is in dire need of strong Federal regulation. The latest demonstration of industry irresponsibility is the introduction of cigarettes in flavors such as mandarin mint and mocha taboo. Such cigarettes would seem to be a violation of the multibillion-dollar 1998 tobacco settlement which was supposed to prohibit tobacco companies from marketing to minors. This isn't the first time the tobacco companies have blown smoke in the face of the tobacco settlement. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine reported in August 2001 that tobacco companies spent more on advertising in youth-oriented magazines in the 2 years after the agreement was signed than they did in the year it was signed. Let's not forget the years of lies spewed by the tobacco companies as they claimed cigarettes posed little or no danger to smokers, all the while knowing the deadly truth. Congress needs to pass it. Then the FDA needs to take aggressive action. The tobacco companies have operated for far too long with inadequate oversight, leaving death in their wake. It is time for Congress to stand up for the people and grant the FDA the power to crack down on this irresponsible industry. So said the Columbus Dispatch on May 30 of this year. The Hartford Courant again, another editorial, January 26, 2004: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates food, drugs and medical devices, but it has no authority over tobacco products which annually are linked to millions of deaths. When he was FDA commissioner in 1994, David Kessler proposed regulation of cigarettes, but the Supreme Court nixed the idea, saying only Congress could give the agency such power. Giving the FDA oversight of a product that is detrimental to public health seems like a matter of common sense. Congress, however, hasn't seen it that way. The FDA has long performed a critical service by testing and regulating consumer products to ensure safety. That authority should extend to tobacco. Another editorial, this one from the Akron Beacon Journal, dated June 28 of this year: The Federal Food and Drug Administration can make manufacturers disclose what goes into your bottled water, foods and medications. [But] it can't make tobacco companies reveal what goes into their cigarettes and other tobacco products. The agency can demand that drug companies support with research the health claims they make for their products. [But] not so with tobacco companies. Tobacco products were identified as leading causes of cancers, heart disease, and other serious ailments decades ago. They account for billions of dollars in health care costs and are a factor in the deaths of several hundred thousand people every year. It is long past time to put the products under regulations at least as strict as those for ice cream. The Akron Beacon Journal continues: It has been four years since the U.S. Supreme Court told the Food and Drug Administration and its commissioner at the time, David Kessler, that Congress had not given the authority to regulate tobacco products. Congress has an opportunity to fill the void through bipartisan bills recently introduced in the Senate by Ohio's Mike DeWine, a Republican, and Democrat Edward Kennedy, and in the House by Tom Davis, a Virginia Republican, and Henry Waxman, a Democrat from California. This legislation would grant the FDA the necessary authority, none too soon, to protect the public health and guard children, in particular, against addictive and risky tobacco use. Among other provisions, the legislation would give the FDA approval authority over all new tobacco products entering the market, bar the use in tobacco products of flavors that are enticing to children, and restrict advertising and promotions that target children. It also would require companies to provide research information for claims on reduced-risk products and to submit a list of product contents and components, including the paper and filters. This is an editorial from the Akron Beacon Journal, June 28, 2004. Mr. President, we are getting close to the end of this debate. I say to any of my colleagues who have any desire to come to the floor of the Senate and argue in favor of this amendment or come to the floor and argue in opposition to the amendment, we are getting close to closing out this debate. I invite them to come to the Senate floor. We are getting very close to coming to the end of the debate. Now would be the appropriate time to come to the floor. At this point, I yield to my colleague, Senator Lautenberg.

Mr. DeWINE. Senator Kennedy wants some time at the end, I know. He told me he wants 5 minutes at the end. I probably will want a minute or so. I ask the Senator from Iowa how much time he would like.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, I thank my colleague from Georgia for his statement. Obviously we have a disagreement about the impact of FDA on farmers. He knows I do not agree with him in regard to that impact. The language of this bill is pretty clear. I believe we have done a good job keeping the FDA away from the farmers, but that is certainly something we can discuss in the future. Let me yield to my colleague from North Carolina who has just come to the Senate floor, Senator Dole.

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, one of the very enlightening aspects about this legislation, the FDA part of this legislation, is how many of the editorial writers--not just in the national papers but many of the papers throughout the country--have weighed in on this issue and they have done this very eloquently. Frankly, they have been more eloquent about this than I have been in the Senate. I will take a couple of minutes and read what some of the editorials have said about this issue. I start with the Lexington Herald Leader, Lexington, KY, May 21 of this year. Tastier poison; New cigarettes prove need for FDA control. Mandarin Mint. Smooth Fusions. Midnight Berry. We're not talking herbal teas or fruit smoothies, folks. We're talking cigarettes. The latest evidence that the tobacco industry has no shame is the marketing of sweet-flavored cigarettes. . . . Straight-faced company spokesmen say the new brands are aimed at adult palates. Please. The goal is obvious: Appeal to kids and hook new smokers. This lethal version of candied cigarettes, along with the appearance of the new generation of ``safer cigarettes'' is also the latest evidence that Congress should at long last give the Food and Drug Administration oversight of tobacco. The FDA has the authority to monitor a manufacture's claim about a pack of breath mints or chewing gum but the tobacco industry can roll out new brands of cigarettes and claim they pose less risk of emphysema and cancer or help smokers quit, and the FDA has no say-so at all. This is from the Columbus Dispatch, Columbus, OH, June 26, 2004: The legislation to allow FDA regulation of the tobacco industry is far from frivolous. It has the support of many anti-smoking groups, along with cigarette maker Philip Morris. The tobacco industry has operated irresponsibly for decades, and every time it shows a sign of turning over a new leaf, it does something to remind people that it is not trustworthy. FDA regulation should have happened decades ago. That smoking-cessation products are heavily regulated, but the products that actually kill people are not is the ultimate absur- dity. . . . Congress has a duty to protect public health, not to shield an industry that has a long history of deceit and death.

Mr. DeWINE. No. There is no time.

Mr. DeWINE

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, let me first congratulate my colleagues from Nevada and Oklahoma for their very moving statements in regard to their dads. Let me also say to my colleague from Oregon that his statement was certainly one of the most moving statements I think any of us have ever heard in this Senate Chamber. Our hearts, collectively as Senators, continue to go out to our colleague and Sharon for the loss of Garrett. Senator Smith and Sharon have taken their tragedy, the pain of this tragedy, the loss of Garrett and there is nothing in the world worse than the loss of a child--and focused it on trying to do good. We see it today with this legislation for which Senator Smith has been such a strong advocate. We are on the Senate floor, frankly, because of him. We would not have been to this point without him, without his advocacy. We saw it in the testimony when Senator Smith and Sharon came to our committee hearing that Senator Dodd and I held several months ago. They publicly talked about Garrett's death; they talked about him and talked about the issue. Senator Smith described earlier the community teen screening with sixth graders in Pendleton that they have established. So they are courageous. They have taken this immense pain and, in spite of that, in the face of that, they are doing something very positive. Those of us in the Senate are blessed and we are burdened with the opportunity to use the bully pulpit of the Senate to focus public attention on issues. I say to my colleague that there are many parents, tragically, as he knows, who have suffered as he and Sharon have this year. He has the unique opportunity--and has taken that, as he is in a public spotlight; it is a burden he has, but he has taken that burden and done something with it. What he has done with it is he has taken that spotlight and used the bully pulpit of the Senate to talk to the American people about this issue. Many people today will watch this and many more will read about it tomorrow. There are many people who read about the committee hearing we held, and they heard when Senator Smith and his wife talked about this issue. Many people they will never know have been impacted, or maybe they were alerted to a problem they might have with their child, and maybe parents were given inspiration and encouragement to seek help. These are things that individuals don't ever know about. But I know, and we all know, that what they have done has truly made a difference. This bill will truly make a difference. I thank Senator Dodd and Senator Jack Reed for their work. This bill we are introducing today is a combination of two bills. One was introduced by Senator Reed as the lead sponsor. It was his idea; he took the lead. I was the Republican cosponsor. We introduced a bill. The other bill was Senator Dodd's bill. He was the lead on that, and I was the cosponsor. We worked on that bill together. This is a combination of those two bills that we bring to the floor today. I also thank Senator Harry Reid for his great support and his work. I thank the majority leader. I thank Senator Daschle and I thank Senator Gregg. They all have been very supportive. We thank them for allowing us to bring this bill to the floor today. We have held hearings on the mental health concerns of youth and children. As chairman of the Subcommittee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services, I have been able to do this. The one hearing we talked about, Senator Dodd cochaired with me. At the hearing on youth suicide, it became clear that thorough and actionable plans are needed to deal with this issue affecting our children and young adults. At that hearing, as I indicated, Senator Smith, supported by his wife Sharon, courageously shared the story of their son Garrett. They told of his struggle, their family's brave struggle with his depression, and Garrett's struggle with that depression, a battle that he tragically lost this past September. In honor of their son, Gordon and Sharon are dedicated to helping other youth and their families who are struggling with mental illness. At that same hearing in March, the Reverend Dr. Paul Tunkle courageously spoke of the loss of his daughter. Reverend Tunkle is an Episcopal priest now serving in Baltimore. His wife Judy is a psychotherapist. Their daughter Althea, or Lea to those close to her, began to exhibit symptoms of psychological problems when she was in grade school. She began to experience additional problems as she began her university studies. Her grades began to suffer. Exacerbating her mental health problems, Lea was raped while away at school. After attempting suicide twice, Lea killed herself on her third attempt at the age of 22. Tragically, these stories that we have heard are not uncommon. Statistics tell us that approximately every 2 hours a person under the age of 25 commits suicide. We also know that from 1952 to 1995 the rate of suicide in children and young adults in this country tripled, and that between 1980 and 1997 the rate of suicide in 15- to 19-year-olds increased by 11 percent. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, suicide was the 11th leading overall cause of death in the United States in the year 2001; however, it was the third leading cause of death for youths aged 15 to 24. Shockingly, we also know that suicides outnumber homicides 3 to 2 for the overall population. These alarming numbers emphasize the need for early intervention or prevention efforts. Too often, the signs may be subtle or hidden until it is too late. While research has created improved medications and methods for helping those with mental health problems to recover, there is still much work to be done in identifying those who need help. Study has been done in identifying and categorizing the risk factors related to suicide. In children and youth, these are known to include depression, alcohol or drug use, physical or sexual abuse, and disruptive behavior. Of people who die from and who attempt suicide, many suffer from co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders. Children with these risk factors, as well as children who are known to be in situations at risk for acquiring them, should be included in comprehensive State plans. Children and youth specifically addressed in State plans should include those who attend school, including colleges and universities, those already receiving substance abuse and mental health services, and those involved in the juvenile justice system, as well as those in foster care. We also learned at our hearing that our colleges and universities are suffering under an ever-growing caseload and they need additional resources to help students in these critical years. We know that suicide is the second leading cause of death in college students today, and reports indicate there has been a dramatic increase in college students seeking care at campus counseling centers. From 1992 to the year 2002, Big Ten Schools, for example, noticed a 42-percent increase in the number of students seen at these counseling centers. Surveys conducted over the past decade suggest the prevalence of depression among college students is growing and eclipses the rate of the general public. Many public and private schools have been dealing with budget crises recently which do not allow them to respond adequately for this growth in need. In fact, last year 27 percent of counseling centers reported cuts to their budgets. The accreditation standards for university and college counseling centers recommend that the counselor-to-student ratio be 1 counselor per 1,000 to 1,500 students; however, alarmingly, the 2003 ratio in schools with over 15,000 students is instead 1 counselor per 2,500 students, and that is a problem. Due to these numbers, schools are reporting that students are forced to wait, sometimes days, to see a counselor. In the year 2002, 116 college students committed suicide; however, only 20 of these students had been seen by a college counselor before the suicide. As a result of the need for increased attention to the problem of suicide and the need for increased access to help, Senators Dodd, Smith, Jack Reed, Harry Reid, and I are introducing the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act. This bill will provide grants to States, tribes, and State-designated nonprofit organizations to create statewide plans for early intervention and prevention efforts in schools, juvenile justice systems, substance abuse programs, mental health programs, foster care systems, and other child and youth support organizations. These plans will seek to serve the children where the children are. This bill will help ensure that States with youth suicide rates that are higher than the national average are given preference so they are better equipped to combat this tragic problem. This act also will authorize a suicide prevention resource center. This center will provide information, training, and technical assistance to States, tribes, and nonprofit organizations involved in suicide prevention and intervention for a number of purposes, including the development of suicide prevention strategies, studying the costs, effectiveness of statewide strategies, analyzing how well new and existing suicide intervention techniques and technologies work, and promoting the sharing of data. Further, the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act would provide competitive grants to institutions of higher education to create or expand mental and behavioral health services to students. These grants will help financially strapped college and university mental health centers obtain the necessary resources to serve the mental and behavioral health needs of the students. Let me again thank my colleagues for their support of this very important legislation. Our children are simply too important to not properly address their mental health needs. This is a good bill, and it is the right thing to do. I add one final comment. I think this bill will be signed into law. This bill will save lives. This bill will make a difference. I thank everyone who has worked so hard on it. I thank my colleague again for being the spark behind this. He has been the person who has been talking to Members, getting their support, making the plea. I thank him so very much for doing it. We are going to pass this bill and it is going to make a difference, but there is something else we should be doing, and that is the Mental Health Parity Act. This Senate, this Congress, must get around to this bill. That bill also will save lives. It will make a difference. It will make mental health services available to people. I see my colleague from New Mexico, who just walked into the Chamber. He has been an advocate for this bill. The time is ripe for the Mental Health Parity Act to come to the Senate floor, to be voted on, and to be passed. I thank my colleagues. I thank the Chair. I yield the floor.

Mr. DeWINE

Mr. DeWINE. Mr. President, let me first congratulate and thank my colleague from Arizona for his very eloquent statement and also his great leadership in regard to Darfur. Not only his comments but those unbelievable pictures really tell the story about what is going on in this very tragic region of the world. The world is beginning finally to wake up and pay attention to what is going on. During the Fourth of July recess, the crisis in Darfur, Sudan, made headlines with the visit of Secretary of State Powell and U.N. Secretary Kofi Annan. I applaud them for going there and for taking the spotlight of that office that their office commands--the bully pulpit, as Theodore Roosevelt would say--and bringing the world's attention to that region. I applaud them for bringing this much needed attention to the genocide, the humanitarian crisis in Darfur. Our colleague Senator Sam Brownback and Representative Frank Wolf also visited Darfur over the Fourth of July break. I had the opportunity to talk to Congressman Wolf about this visit, and Congressman Wolf is someone who, along with Senator Brownback, has traveled to regions of the world before. He has seen grave humanitarian crises before, so nothing really shocks him. But when I talked to him on the phone the other day, he told me that what he saw in Darfur really defies imagination. He said: I am just so upset, so pessimistic. Of course, the pictures that Senator McCain showed us make us understand.

Mr. DeWINE. I certainly will.

Mr. DeWINE. If I may respond to my colleague, it shows the arrogance of this government. We have seen what they have done to these individuals. The other thing it indicates to me is that, even now, when the world is paying attention, they still are thumbing their nose at the world, thumbing their nose at the Secretary General, thumbing their nose at the Secretary of State. They really will not let people in to see what the circumstances are. So when we hear some people say: Senator DeWine, they promised they were going to take care of these people and they promised they were not going to encourage the continuation of this genocide; why don't you believe them? The answer is because of what my colleague pointed out. It is that type of attitude. I think we know that if this was occurring in other parts of the world, such as in Europe, let's be candid, the world would have paid attention a lot earlier. That is the truth. The world would have paid attention. Something would have been done about it earlier. Finally, now, the world is paying attention. The imperative to act in Sudan is clear. As my colleague from Arizona pointed out, there are steps that must be taken; steps such as sending in a U.N.-authorized peacekeeping force and planning tribunals that punish the guilty are steps Senator McCain and I have called for in the past. I think the first time I talked about them was back in May. Yet we are still waiting for the international community to act. This delay, let no one make any mistake, is costing lives. The U.S. Government and the Senate have taken other steps several weeks ago, such as providing more humanitarian aid funding. I thank my colleagues for that vote. The House did the same. Yet much more needs to be done. Let me go through, if I could, a list of what needs to be done. First, the U.N. should authorize peacekeeping forces and monitors to guard the region of Darfur, and particularly the displaced persons camp. Again, as we discussed, I know the Sudanese Government already promised to protect the people of Darfur. They have made the same promises for months. I want to show this picture of Darfur and show why the Government of Sudan has been stalling. Satellite photos that are available from USAID confirm the destruction of nearly 400 villages and 56,000 houses. Here is a picture from the ground. Here is what it looks like after they are done. Here is what is left of the village. The stories are terrible. A villager described it best. She said: The Janjawid arrived and asked me to leave the place. They beat women and small children. They killed a little girl, Sara. She was two years old. She was knifed in her back. We need to send peacekeepers in for Sara, and for the tens of thousands like her who have been killed because they were Black. That is why they were killed--because they were Black. These people have no reason to trust a government that has done this to them, and neither do we. I would trust African Union monitors and peacekeepers. We need to help them with logistical planning and support, and I hope we will help them as they prepare their troops. We have been calling for this for a number of months, and maybe now people will start to realize it is the only step. The wolf cannot be expected to guard the sheep, and the Sudanese military, which includes former militia members, cannot be expected to guard and help the people of Darfur. Furthermore, 300 peacekeepers is just a start. There are too many camps, too many people, all in a region the size of Texas, for 300 people to be the answer; 300 is only the first step. I expect other countries to follow the African Union's lead. Second, we need to classify what is going on in Darfur as genocide. I know with the use of that term comes a legal obligation under the Convention on the Prevention of Punishment of the crime of genocide, but we should not refrain from using the term simply to avoid acting. If it is genocide--and it is--we should call it that. It is my understanding that the litmus test for using the term ``genocide'' is a matter of intent. Is there intent to commit genocide? Let me tell you, when men on horseback and camel kill men, women, and children, and then go 50 miles to Chad to complete the task when they fail, I don't know what other term to use. It is genocide and we should call it that. Third, we need to name names. This is a list of 7 of those responsible for orchestrating the atrocities within the militias of Sudan. We should share this information and publicly identify these people so the world knows that those who aid in genocide will not be able to hide in the shadows. Fourth, we should impose targeted sanctions on Government of Sudan officials who are responsible for aiding the militias. It is not enough to target the militia members who are little more than thugs on camels; we need to target sanctions at government officials, including travel bans. It is not enough to say we are going to do travel bans against these militias. They are not going anywhere. We need to get the people to whom it will really matter, and that is the people in the government. We need to go after their assets and deny them the freedom and rights they have denied to those in Darfur. Fifth, we need to prosecute the war crimes in competent international tribunals. Dog and pony show trials are no substitute for justice, and a lasting peace in Darfur and in the rest of Sudan will require that justice is served. This is particularly important for the militia members who were counting on slipping back into the Sudanese military or back into the villages after all this is done. The only future for those guilty of war crimes should be the inside of a courtroom and then the inside of a jail cell. Sixth, we will need peace talks in order to address the deep roots of this conflict. This is not just about skin color; this is about a systematic policy of the Government of Sudan to deprive outlying regions the resources they need to develop. There are other regions of Sudan that are also suffering from neglect, and unless the Government of Sudan changes its attitude and starts to treat its people with respect, it will face more insurgencies in the future. The Government of Sudan needs to understand that. Finally, I close with a word about the humanitarian situation in Darfur now. According to the World Health Organization, 10,000 people will die this month in Darfur if nothing is done. Today, it is projected that 100 to 200 people will die. By the end of the week, an additional 1,000 people will die, not just from disease but from inaction. The crisis will require more than just contributing money, although money is important. According to the World Health Organization, military logistics are needed immediately to distribute the aid. According to the United Nations, at least 50 camps are currently receiving no aid at all. That is only going to get worse as the rainy season intensifies, washing out all of the roads. We know the Government of Sudan likes to deny that this is a crisis, as Senator McCain pointed out, but we all know this is the worst humanitarian crisis in the world today. People are counting on us, counting on our action. Tens of thousands of lives hang in the balance. I encourage my colleagues to join the growing chorus of voices demanding action in Darfur. I thank all those who have supported our efforts so far. We cannot rest upon our past laurels, but instead we must continue to move forward, pushing the international community to do more. After Rwanda, when we said never again, we meant it. I thank the Chair. I yield the floor, and I suggest the absence of a quorum.