Warren Davidson

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, central bank digital currency poses an existential threat to western civilization. It is essentially, at its heart, communist banking. Elizabeth Warren, Sherrod Brown, and Democrats in the Senate didn't walk around Omarova to be confirmed as a bank regulator because they were opposed to communist banking. They want it. That is what central bank digital currency is. Our colleagues on the other side of this debate act like we need to study communism a little harder to figure out whether it works or not. We have got plenty of evidence it doesn't work. Central bank digital currency inserts government between you and your money. Another word for central bank digital currency is programmable money. Who does the programming? The central bank. They can condition your access to your own money with whatever parameters they put in place. They can filter transactions. They can even set them to expire. Monetary policy wonks in the communist banking world think this is a feature, not a flaw. They think if they can set your access to your money to expire, then it would be a better future. Every dystopian fiction that I have found--``Brave New World,'' ``1984''--says this is the future of money, that it is corrupted into a tool for surveillance, coercion, and control. Frankly, our own current banking system has crept too close to that. We need to turn the other direction. The market is telling us that. That is why cryptocurrency was invented, frankly. That is why it is so popular and is a growing asset class. We need to say no to this, and we need to protect what the market is telling us consumers want. We tested this under the Biden administration. They decided that they were going to spy on your bank accounts if you had $600 in your bank. The public said: Whoa, what? Why are you spying on my bank account? In a communist world, they say: Well, if you have nothing to hide, then why should you have anything to fear. But that is not our way of life in this country. The Fourth Amendment doesn't say that. It says if you have probable cause, and only then, then you get a warrant. Here, you build the surveillance into the program. I get it. If all men were angels, this would never be abused, but we know they are not. We have seen massive abuse in our own country. In Canada we saw Trudeau, a fellow traveler on the communist long march, want to ban people's access to their own bank accounts because they were protesting his COVID policies at trucker rallies. This is very easy to do when you have programmable money. We need to say no to this. It is an existential threat to our way of life, and ideally, we would do it at every opportunity. Mr. Speaker, I urge all our colleagues to vote for Mr. Emmer's bill and stop this threat to our way of life.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I have an amendment at the desk.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I rise today to urge you and all of our colleagues to support amendment No. 57 to the FY 2026 Department of Defense appropriations bill. This amendment strikes section 8072, a misguided rider that prohibits the Navy from decommissioning littoral class combat ships. The state of shipbuilding in the United States is nothing we would hope to have. It is broken. This program maybe represents the pinnacle of its brokenness. The ship doesn't accomplish what it was designed for. I am encouraged when I speak to the chairman to know that it is being put to use elsewhere, but it is not accomplishing the mission that the Navy needs it for. This provision ties the Navy's hands, forcing it to retain a deeply flawed, costly, and ineffective class of ships that undermines our national security, endangers our sailors, and wastes taxpayer dollars, when we could move forward and build a ship that could accomplish the mission. President Trump is trying to take leadership over this and fix it, and this ties his hands in a way that prevents options. We should leave the Commander in Chief that decision. The littoral combat ship program, costing over $30 billion, with each ship priced at roughly $500 million, is a textbook example of Pentagon inefficiency and contractor-driven bloat. Designed as a light, fast, customizable vessel for near-shore warfare, the LCS has instead become a symbol of our flawed procurement system. Mr. Chair, since its inception, the program has been plagued by persistent propulsion system failures, weapons system integration issues, hull problems, and rampant cost overruns. A 2022 GAO report exposed the LCS's shortcomings. It has not demonstrated the operational capabilities needed for its Navy mission. Operational testing revealed significant challenges including the ship's inability to defend itself, if attacked, and frequent failures of mission-essential equipment on the ships. Deployments have been marred by breakdowns and setbacks, rendering these ships unreliable at best. Mr. Chair, forcing the Navy to maintain a fleet of broken and expensive ships is simply irresponsible. I think it is wrong to take our Commander in Chief's hands. Our sailors deserve the best and most reliable vessels to defend our Nation. Every dollar spent on the LCS is a dollar diverted from building a stronger, more capable fleet. Retaining these ships compromises readiness, squanders limited resources, and puts lives at risk. My amendment restores the Navy's authority to make strategic decisions about its fleet and frees up resources for platforms that actually enhance our national security. Mr. Chair, I urge our colleagues to put the safety of our sailors and the strength of our Navy first, and I ask my colleagues to vote ``yes'' on amendment 57. Mr. Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material on the topic of this Special Order.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I am here today to talk about central bank digital currencies. A lot of people don't necessarily know what a central bank digital currency is, so we will start with a definition. A central bank digital currency begins with the central bank. The central bank in the United States is the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve manages our currency. They also manage settlement between banks, so when banks have to pay each other, they do it directly, but a lot of times they manage it through the central bank. Central banks around the world, whether in the United States or the European Union, China's central bank, most countries have a central bank. Switzerland has the Bank for International Settlements. Their central bank is essentially the central banker to the central banks, so when central banks pay each other, they broker the transaction through the Bank for International Settlements. What is the digital currency? Digital is sort of self-explanatory. Currency is a means of payment. Traditionally, you think of money, the system of money is as old as people. The right to transact predates any government. People would transact with one another before we had a government. It is an inherent natural right. As our Founders recognized, we are endowed by our creator with certain inalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. One of the ways we pursue happiness is by transacting with each other: We buy things, or we make money from selling things. In the natural order, there is nobody between you and the person you want to do business with. In cash, that is still the case. When you hand a $20 bill to somebody for sweeping your driveway or a $100 bill for shoveling your driveway in the snow or things like that, that is between you and maybe the high school kid who came and shoveled your driveway. There is no third party to get in between you and the other person. When you think about a lot of other transactions, we have sort of migrated to a digital payment system of sorts today that involves third parties, like Visa or Mastercard. They dominate the payment system in the United States. Banks are behind the credit cards, so they are in the scene, too, but fundamentally when you transact with a credit card people think, well, that is digital, and you are using a credit card company. What they do really is amazing. For a relatively small fee, they guarantee that it really was you who made the transaction. If it was fraudulent, they insure the transaction, they will make you whole on a credit card if you didn't pay it. They establish the identity and say this really is you, and you really do have the credit available. Then they establish the person who you are buying from as a store and say this is really a credible transaction, and they approve it or deny it. What they do with an amazing frequency in volume of transactions is incredible. That is a third party, and it is a private party. They don't necessarily collect the data between you and Walmart, what did you buy while you were at Walmart. They will be able to say, hey, Walmart is a credible place, you really were there, you really did spend $100 at Walmart. They don't necessarily know what you bought there. They might be able to recover that at some point. If they are forensically discovering what did you buy when you were at Walmart, they might be able to work with Walmart to figure that out, but Visa doesn't necessarily cover that. That is our current state of payments. In a central bank digital currency, they would be able to know with a digital identity who you are because they have got a digital ID. When you look at the state of privacy and the amount of data the government has on you, they know who you are, they can have access to all kinds of information. Even the private sector has a lot of information. If you look at what is being done today to aggregate that data, it is not formally being done to establish a digital ID in the United States, but it is being done in lots of places around the world. In China, they have done this digital identification. They have tied it with your facial recognition features, your geolocation data, all your transaction data that they can discern and everything else they can find about you in a government database in China, and they build what is known as a social credit score. If you attend events with people who support the government, your social credit score might go up. If you attend events and your geolocation data is associated with people who have been critical of Xi Jinping, your social credit score goes down. If it goes down enough, you can't even travel in China. They are linking this digital ID with the payment system, the digital currency, and in that sense, they are kind of essential components to the way that it works. The way that Visa or Mastercard establishes who you are has its own system. Here in the central bank digital currency, digital ID is a critical component to how it works. The last information I had, in four provinces this is the payment system. You think, well, China, I mean, they are a Communist government. They have a very authoritarian leader in Xi Jinping. Surely, Western civilization wouldn't be doing this. The reality is that 100-plus countries around the world are developing a central bank digital currency. They are not developing what you would think of in America with freedom and free markets. They are developing essentially the same kind of central bank digital currency that China is. In fact, the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland is telling people how to do it. They are facilitating central banks--not just random central banks, our central bank. They are not working directly with the Federal Reserve entirely. They are saying they are working with this independent private entity, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This is a quasi-public- private kind of dynamic in the U.S. central bank with the Federal Reserve. They are building it. Literally, multiple components of the Federal Reserve are actively recruiting people to write code to develop a central bank digital currency. For ``Star Wars'' fans, this is a depiction of the Death Star. I don't want to give away the plot, but the evil empire builds this Death Star that is like a moon-sized place, and it can destroy entire planets with one giant laser beam. Just boom and the planet is gone. It is an amazing amount of power that the empire has built for themselves in ``Star Wars,'' and, of course, it is fiction. The central bank digital currency is kind of the equivalent. The central banks are saying: Don't worry. We would need permission from the legislature before we could establish a central bank digital currency. We are just designing it. In the movie, they didn't really get permission to turn it on. They were just designing it. Then, they were just building it, and it wasn't yet complete. Then, they were just testing it. Once you demonstrate the capability, you have all the power. The reality is that in the fall, I traveled with fellow Financial Services Committee members to the Bank of England. I met with them, and they are developing a central bank digital currency. They know that their legislature would have to act to impose it on the citizens of the United Kingdom. They know that it is not popular with their citizens. Nevertheless, they are developing it, just designing it and testing it. Then, we traveled to Brussels and met with the European Central Bank. They, too, are designing, developing, and testing how a central bank digital currency could work. They know that before they could impose this on the European Union, they would need not just support from the European Parliament but from the member states of the European Union. Nevertheless, they are working to build it. Then, we traveled to Basel, Switzerland, which is the base of operations for the Bank for International Settlements. We met with them. They, too, said that they are just studying this, not really proposing that everyone do it. The reality is that when you talk to everyone who is developing it, who is helping coordinate it? The Bank for International Settlements. Again, there is no country that we found anywhere that is developing a system that protects privacy, that protects identity, and that protects the transaction data. They are all doing it the same way China is, and they are designing it to be interoperable around the world. The reality is that a system of money is as old as civilization. Like I said, the right to transact predates any government. The government doesn't give you that right. Governments around the world have adopted a very similar approach. In the United States, we have the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering laws, and know your customer laws. The United States, every Western democracy, and dictatorships around the world have similar features for banking. If you spy on your customers, you are allowed to operate a financial services business. They don't state it that way. I mean, it is not that creepy inherently in the United States. For the most part, you are supposed to get a warrant. They don't always do that. They have been found to violate it on occasion in the United States. In certain other governments, it is very creepy. As we were working to protect secrecy, the Canadian Government was literally imposing a shutdown on bank accounts for Canadian truck drivers who were protesting COVID policies in Canada. It wasn't that they were stacking SWAT teams or special operators outside the door of houses. The one ring to rule them all, the massive amount of power, was your access to your own money. You can't even buy groceries. You can't pay rent. You have no means of payment. That is why it is essential that we protect the power to transact and protect privacy so that it really has the same kind of characteristics as cash. As a citizen, without probable cause and due process, no one should see your transaction data. Without being guilty of something, no one should limit your ability to transact. That is the system of government our countrymen have. Around the world, they don't have the same protections, so why is our government and our central bank working on the exact same plan? When you look at dystopian fiction, whether it is ``Brave New World'' or ``Nineteen Eighty-Four,'' or what I and billions of people around the world consider Scripture, the Book of Revelation, the money is always corrupted. It is taken from its proper use as a store of value and an efficient means of transaction, and it is corrupted into a tool for surveillance, coercion, and control. Unless you comply with the regime, whoever that is, then you don't get the right to transact. Everywhere it is depicted, whether it is fiction or Scripture, it is evil, so we should rightly resist this future. It is dystopian. ``Nineteen Eighty-Four'' was meant to be fiction, not an instruction manual. Unfortunately, you see people working to build this very future around the world. That is what a central bank digital currency is. Let me tell you what it is not. People often associate every kind of digital money with central bank digital currency. Bitcoin may be the most widely known form of crypto, certainly the biggest share of the market value. If you look at the Bitcoin white paper--you can look it up out there. In just the abstract, the whole point is to preserve the characteristics of cash, permissionless peer- to-peer transactions where there is no third party that goes through it. This is why Bitcoin became popular. The ability to do this depends on the architecture. There is no corporate headquarters, no CEO. It is really math and computer programming. How does this work? They establish trust in a different way. They assume they trust no one. The transactions are approved in blocks. With blockchain, that is the way it is done. It is done very securely. Governments around the world initially didn't like it. They wanted to ban it. After a while, they decided that they couldn't really ban it, so they were not going to be able to stop it. The checkdown position is to just keep it account-based. Account-based crypto is pretty harmless. It is about like banking. I mean, cash isn't technically illegal. When you go to the bank and ask for any significant amount of it, they always ask questions. That is because of the Bank Secrecy Act, the anti-money laundering laws, the know your customer laws. ``What are you going to do with all that cash?'' ``It is my cash. Why can't I have it?'' Sometimes they will tell you. Sometimes they won't. I have to fill out this report. ``Who gave you all that cash?'' In fact, if you deposit more than $10,000, it creates a cash transaction report. When that was first passed in the early 1970s, it was $10,000. Today, that number adjusted for inflation is over $81,000. That is who they were looking for. If you look at the last Presidential administration under Joe Biden, they wanted to know about your bank account if you had ever had $600 of transactions in your bank account, so they were going the other way. The reality is that they want to monitor every single transaction. That is how they know whether you had a transaction over $10,000. They look at everything. There is already a lot of surveillance in it. To me, maybe too much. The question is, what can you do with it? Once you create a central bank digital currency, you have empowered the central bank to see every side of every transaction. In fact, the former director of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Giancarlo, talked about digital dollars. He has gone around for a long time talking about it and touts the features. They call it programmable money. If you wanted to put stimulus into the economy like we were doing during COVID, you could put money in and say it expires. If you don't spend it by this date, it is gone. You can say it can be used only for these things. When we did stimulus checks during COVID, a lot of people went out and bought flat-screen TVs from China. That didn't exactly help the U.S. economy. Proponents of programmable money were saying they could make it so you could spend it only on these things and not those things. Climate change alarmists--climatologists, as I refer to them--could program the money so that if you are driving a hybrid vehicle but still need to buy gas from time to time to keep your hybrid internal combustion engine running, you could pay $2 a gallon for gas. If you are driving a pickup truck that is considered a gas guzzler, you could pay $10 a gallon. It is programmable money. You could design any feature in it you want because the central government controls it. Mr. Speaker, the central government controls it. That is why central bank digital currency is truly a threat to Western civilization. It puts the government between us and our money. In the United States, the pursuit of happiness has been defined as protection for private property and property rights. There is no more basic thing than the property right to a bank account and to the money we earn. We have a right to the paycheck that gets deposited into a bank account. Mr. Speaker, if that is not really yours, if it is really programmable money and if it is conditioned upon whatever the government wants to condition it upon, is it really yours? That is exactly the future that people want to create out of crypto. If we look at the Bitcoin White Paper and many of the other use cases, Crypto is designed to somewhat separate money from the State. This future is pretty creepy. It is quite literally Orwellian. It is described as one of the characteristics in Orwell's famous book ``1984.'' Dystopian is another synonym for Orwellian. It gives the government a massive amount of power, coercion and control over the public. Yes, perfect surveillance could, if in the hands of benign, good actors, protect us and keep us safe from bad people. In our country, we can easily see people who suffer from what I label as Trump derangement syndrome. These are people who are alarmed that Donald Trump would have access to information. Imagine if Donald Trump could control this money. A lot of people in our country would be scared to death. On the other hand, we can imagine maybe somebody from the political left who would control this money. We could say that that is pretty creepy. Just like in ``The Lord of the Rings'' where they had the one ring to rule them all. The only good thing to do with the one ring to rule them all is destroy it. Actively, right now, the Federal Reserve is hiring coders to write code and develop a central bank digital currency. Actively, right now, our allies are working to develop this. Actively, right now, just as the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. Schweikert) who spoke right before me addressed, the United States has a massive debt problem. So does a lot of the rest of the world. The last time the planet had this much debt was at the end of World War II. The main difference is at the end of World War II, we knew we had to spend less money, and we did. Our debt-to-GDP ratio, the amount of money we owe versus the size of our economy, is about the same size as it is right now. Instead of spending less, right now we can't even agree to cut off $9.4 billion in DOGE cuts. That is 0.13 percent of what our United States Government is going to spend this year. It passed the House with no support from Democrats and four Republicans voting against it, but it can't get a floor vote in the Senate yet. Think about this. At the end of World War II, we knew we had to spend less. Even then, they did a monetary reset. Some people might have heard of this idea of a great reset. One of the core components of it is resetting the money system. The money system they have in mind is the central bank digital currency. When a crisis occurs, they might say that, well, there are all kinds of things we could do, but here is what we can do now. It would take forever to develop every other alternative. What we could do now is what we have been working on for a decade. We could launch this central bank digital currency. It will solve everything. It will keep us safe. It will catch the tax evaders, the money launderers, and the illicit finance. In the hands of a good leader, it could. The reality is we know, as our Founders recognized in Federalist Paper after Federalist Paper and in the very structure of our government, eventually somebody who isn't benign is going to have the power. For ``The Lord of the Rings'' fans, they know that even the best person, when they put the ring on, it is tempting to do evil things. That is what is going to happen with this. We have to stop it right now. When he came into office, Donald Trump's executive order, among digital assets, banned central bank digital currency. That is why my colleague from Minnesota (Mr. Emmer) has moved a bill to ban central bank digital currency. Unfortunately, it hasn't gotten a vote on the floor of this House this term in the House of Representatives, and it doesn't have a clear path through the Senate. While it is the creepiest surveillance tool I have ever seen, I can't get my coalition of Republicans and Democrats to oppose it. Last Congress, I had a coalition of 123 Republicans and 96 Democrats who voted to end the evasion of the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment is supposed to protect our privacy. The government is supposed to get our data only with probable cause or a warrant or a subpoena from a court. They are buying our data. They are creating a market for data, and they are buying their way around the Fourth Amendment. We wanted to turn that off. The Fourth Amendment doesn't regulate private entities, but it does regulate the government. In part, the government has a power that no private-sector body does. They can put us in jail. They can deprive us of life, liberty, and property. I am glad that we have this bipartisan coalition, but I don't understand why Democrats are more concerned about the ability to monitor our transactions than they are about the invasion of privacy. I hope we restore that coalition on this and we can work together to ban central bank digital currency. I truly believe this poses an existential threat to Western civilization. If this thing takes effect, it is a massive amount of power. It is the kind of power that the Death Star has over civilization. People think they would resist. A lot of people won't even go vote. How aggressively are they going to resist when the government shuts off access to their bank? We had a trial run of this during COVID. Lots of people really objected to all sorts of things about COVID policies, like when their workplace imposed mandates and restrictions including shots that weren't really tested or proven. Now we find out that the data, there is a lot of concern about mRNA, in particular. I talked to nurses who were crying in our office, but they felt like they couldn't risk losing their job. They chose to get shots that they were concerned about. The coercive power of the access to earning a living is a massive amount of power. People can't afford it. They can't pay their way to live. They can't raise their family. This power is way bigger than that. We have got to stop this. We have a President who wants to stop it. He issued an executive order, but we don't have a legislature that is doing the work to stop it. We were talking about moving crypto bills today. The Senate passed the GENIUS Act in the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and on the floor of the Senate, which regulates stablecoin. Stablecoins are about 7 percent of the crypto market. The rest is market structure. I have had a bill to regulate that since 2018. For over 7 years, I have been trying to stop this. I do not want to stop the good things. I do not want to stop the market from things like bitcoin, bitcoin ETFs, or all other kinds of use cases that are good. I do not want to stop self-custody but protect self-custody so that we protect the ability to do transactions. We are trying to stop the counter to it, central bank digital currency, the one ring to rule them all. We have been trying to stop it for that long. The idea was maybe not even possible technologically when science fiction writers were writing ``Brave New World'' or ``1984'' or ``Fahrenheit 451.'' In Scripture, how could this even happen, when we read Revelation through all time? Today, we can see the technology that can do it. With artificial intelligence, it is even quicker. We are here, talking about an AI provision in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act that stays. No matter what else they rule out, they seem to find a way for the AI provision to be there for more surveillance on more people. We have got to stop this. We need the legislature to step up and do it. I plead with people everywhere I can, don't be fearful of all digital assets. For example, bitcoin is 180 degrees different than central bank digital currency. Mr. Speaker, do everything you can to stop the government's power grab with this, or the superficial layer that is really just cosmetic where the big banks offer a cosmetic layer of stablecoins but on the back end it is effectively a central bank digital currency operated by not just the Federal Reserve, but the central banks around the world working together with the Bank for International Settlements to create this system. It is a true threat to Western Civilization and maybe something that to some of my colleagues who couldn't be here tonight also is as big of a deal to them. I appreciate those people who have cosponsored and voted for Tom Emmer's bill. I hope we can vote on it soon in the House, and the Senate takes it up. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, America's resources should always serve America's interests, and 22 rescissions to wasteful foreign aid and biased media totaling $9.4 billion is a good start. I commend this legislation because as the national debt climbs toward $37 trillion, U.S. taxpayers deserve a government that serves them, not radical policies abroad or at home. The reality is that the radical left has seized these institutions and wielded them for an agenda that doesn't serve America's interests. Wasted government revenues siphoned off the backs of Americans' labor through tax dollars should not be tolerated. I commend the $1 billion rescission to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Taxpayer funding for woke media entities is absurd. NPR and PBS already have a business model that doesn't need to rely on 150 million Americans' taxed income. It does not need to promote any agenda, including their radical agenda, with stuff like what to do if you experience a microaggression or some other promotion of their agenda. Additionally, international institutions have abandoned their original missions to promote development in exchange for radical gender ideological and climate priorities. That is why I support the rescissions package, and I urge support for the bill.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding. Madam Speaker, I generally support everything that the chairman supports. This is a wrongheaded bill. Our colleagues need to say ``no'' to this. The American people did not send us here to expand America's security blanket to more parts of the world. We don't have to get involved in every conflict we are invited to, and we certainly don't need to seek out extra ones. We can wish the people of Georgia well without expanding our commitment to be Europe's defense force with a blank check to defend every country. Admittedly, Georgia can't really defend themselves well against Russia. They are not even spending 2 percent of their GDP on defense in the current state. That is a minimum for admission into NATO. My colleagues couldn't blame them for thinking that it doesn't really matter because even the biggest countries, like Germany, haven't historically hit that threshold either, but their economy isn't that big. Even if they were spending more, it wouldn't matter. Madam Speaker, this is the wrong approach to national security, and it also further dilutes the effectiveness of our sanctions regime. I think it is a terrible idea. I think my constituents are wondering: Why we are doing this instead of the things that we campaigned on? I hope we get focused on an America-first foreign policy. This isn't it. Madam Speaker, I oppose it, and I urge everyone else to, as well.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I missed the first Roll Call Vote in the vote series due to an important meeting with constituents. Had I been present, I would have voted NAY on Roll Call No. 108.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor Master Sergeant David Norman of Troy, Ohio. Today marks the 50th anniversary of the fall of Saigon. David Norman was one of the brave servicemen who evacuated over 7,000 Americans and allies from the United States Embassy in 1975. During the withdrawal from Vietnam, Sergeant Norman was one of the 11 brave marines who defended the U.S. Embassy during the 19-hour evacuation. Many Americans were successfully evacuated by helicopter, but those remaining stranded on the roof of the embassy, including David, had resolved to defend their positions as long as their ammunition lasted. A U.S. pilot flying over the embassy at low altitude spotted these servicemen stranded and made a rescue flight under fire, and all 11 men made it home alive. David retired from the Marine Corps after 30 years of service before returning to Ohio, and then he spent 26 years with the Miami County Sheriff's Department. He was recently elected as the Miami County Recorder. I rise today to commend David's patriotic service to our Nation and to commemorate this solemn anniversary. Let us never forget the bravery of our troops.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 452) to award 3 Congressional Gold Medals to the members of the 1980 U.S. Olympic Men's Ice Hockey Team, in recognition of their extraordinary achievement at the 1980 Winter Olympics where, being comprised of amateur collegiate players, they defeated the dominant Soviet hockey team in the historic ``Miracle on Ice'', revitalizing American morale at the height of the Cold War, inspiring generations and transforming the sport of hockey in the United States.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks on H.R. 452.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Madam Speaker, no one has done more work on this than its originator, our esteemed colleague from the great State of Minnesota, Pete Stauber. I yield such time as he may consume to the gentleman from Minnesota (Mr. Stauber).

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Madam Speaker, I rise to support H.R. 452. The bill awards Congressional Gold Medals to honor the 1980 U.S. Olympic men's hockey team. Madam Speaker, it can't be stated any better than Mr. Stauber did. It was such a beautiful, impassioned speech from someone who has lived so much of hockey. Yet, the quote from Coach Herb Brooks that sticks out to me is: ``Great moments are born from great opportunity.'' We all know the line. It is an unforgettable one. They seized the moment at a time when I was too young to really comprehend what it meant. When you watch it later in life, as a guy who enlisted in the Army during the Cold War, to see moments like that that move the Nation and unite us, you see what sports can do. At the same time, the Soviet Union had a hockey team that was dominant on the ice. They seemed insurmountable, but our American athletes showed that they were not. It showed the hope and optimism that it was possible within our country that we could defeat insurmountable odds. The coach and that team deserve the credit. Madam Speaker, I am glad that we are taking this opportunity to honor them with a Congressional Gold Medal. These 20 men played with everything they had. They outskated, outplayed, and just fought harder, leaving everything on the ice to win that victory. Madam Speaker, I urge all of my colleagues to support the bill, and I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Madam Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time. Madam Speaker, in closing, I reiterate the importance of the 1980 Olympic men's ice hockey team uniting during such a challenging and turbulent period in American history. Their unforgettable victory solidified the Nation's legacy of excellence, both on the ice and on the global stage. We owe these men a great debt of gratitude for transforming and shaping the landscape of American hockey and, broadly, sport itself over these past four decades. Madam Speaker, I thank Congressman Stauber for his leadership and all of my colleagues for helping advance this important measure. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I missed the first roll call vote in today's vote series due to an important meeting with constituents. Had I been present, I would have voted YEA on Roll Call No. 58.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to urge this body to support H.R. 386, the Chinese Currency Accountability Act of 2025. Mr. Speaker, this critical bill ensures that the United States stands firm against increasing the weight of the Chinese renminbi in the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights, their currency basket, unless China changes course. Frankly, China operates the Belt and Road Initiative in competition with the IMF, so this is a very modest proposal and very incremental. China should not even participate in the IMF while they are working to actually undermine the IMF with their alternative, the Belt and Road Initiative. Additionally, the Special Drawing Rights are a useful global reserve asset, providing IMF members with claims on five major currencies: the dollar, the euro, now the renminbi, but also the Japanese yen and the British pound. Most notably, this currency basket influences the IMF lending rate. All other central banks participating are market based. In 2016, the IMF decided they were going to include a nonmarket-based currency, the Chinese renminbi. More concerning, in 2022, as Chairman Hill pointed out, the IMF actually increased the weight to 12.8 percent, making it the third most prominent currency, even though China lacks independence. This bill directs the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury to oppose any further increase in the renminbi's weight unless China complies with its IMF obligations, that it is found to not be a currency manipulator, and that it adheres to the Paris Club and OECD rules on export credits. None of this undermines China's growth or sovereignty. Instead, it points them to the path that they already promised to pursue when they chose to participate. Further, when China joined the World Trade Organization, they pledged to become a market economy. While they made early progress, China has ceased such efforts, and they have instead worked to undermine Western institutions like the International Monetary Fund. This bill has bipartisan support, having passed the House last September.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Finally, the CBO estimates it will have no significant impact on spending or revenue. Our foreign policy and financial institutions should advance our interests, not undermine them. Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this bill.

Mr. DAVIDSON

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Good).

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material on H.R. 1425.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of H.R. 1425, Congressman Tom Tiffany's No World Health Organization Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act. This bill ensures that the Biden-Harris administration does not circumvent Congress, and it requires that any international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response as agreed to by the World Health Assembly must be considered by the Senate as a treaty. When it comes to imposing binding international obligations on Americans, the executive branch cannot go it alone. In our Constitution, in our republican system of government, the people's elected Representatives in Congress must give their approval. An international treaty that cannot command the support of two-thirds of the Senate is not actually a treaty. While one administration may submit to it, it certainly does not bind our Nation or future administrations. This proposed World Health Organization Pandemic Agreement is no exception. In fact, that potentially expansive agreement especially needs proper review and debate by the American people's elected Representatives. Article 19 of the WHO Constitution states that such agreements must be submitted to each member state for review ``in accordance with its constitutional processes.'' Our constitutional process requires ratification by the Senate for something to be considered a treaty before it may come into force. Likewise, during the World Health Assembly in May, the World Health Organization Director-General promised that any agreement ``will go to parliaments for consideration and ratification.'' We don't have a parliament. In our body, it would go to the Senate. It isn't being sent there by the Biden-Harris administration. Why does the administration not want this to go to the Senate? That is an important question to ask. They certainly have not kept the drafting and negotiations transparent or accountable to the American people. Now that negotiations are supposed to conclude by early 2025, there remains a distinct possibility that the World Health Assembly will try to call an emergency vote on a final draft treaty before a new U.S. administration takes office. Far too little attention has been paid to what this treaty would mean for health policy in the United States and elsewhere. The latest draft is limitless in scope and contains overly broad language that can be read to support abortion and radical left ideology. It claims to impose undefined financial obligations. It grants more authority to the WHO, potentially infringing on our sovereignty. It threatens both intellectual property and free speech rights. It provides zero accountability for China. The pandemic treaty would give more U.S. taxpayer dollars to the WHO bureaucrats to manage, even though the U.S. has already spent billions on pandemic preparedness. In total, the U.S. has spent around $2.2 billion toward global health security which, along with the Pandemic Fund donations, goes toward strengthening global health systems, supply chains, healthcare workforces, and international laboratories. In addition, the International Health Regulations have been in place since 2005 as a mechanism to address infectious disease outbreaks around the world. They were just updated this past May to include a new financial mechanism. Why do we need yet another funding stream of U.S. dollars for pandemics? What is also concerning is how the treaty is being used as a vehicle to promote and implement a radical left ideology. If this treaty were truly a model for promoting global health security, then the World Health Organization would keep it clean of divisive and controversial items, not just for Americans' interests but for interests around the world in keeping with the humanitarian principle of neutrality. Americans remember and are still recovering from the devastations of COVID-19. Many lives and livelihoods were lost, and we can certainly and should prepare for future pandemics. However, Americans also remember the WHO's egregious mishandling of COVID-19. World Health Organization Director-General Tedros enabled the Chinese Communist Party's grand COVID-19 coverup in the winter of 2020 by parroting the Chinese Communist Party's lies such as that the virus did not spread via human-to-human transmission that contributed directly to death and disruption around the world. Despite that colossal failure, the World Health Organization still has not addressed China's involvement in the pandemic's creation or spread and have not conducted internal reforms necessary to address its own role in the mismanagement of that pandemic. Instead, WHO is asking for more money, more authority, more legitimacy, and less accountability. The Biden-Harris administration is supporting their efforts to do so. Thankfully, H.R. 1425 ensures that the American people, through their elected Senators, will have the opportunity to review any pandemic treaty, especially the sweeping grant of power and money to the World Health Organization. Mr. Chair, I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting this bill, and I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. Tiffany), the author of this very important bill.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I have no additional speakers, and I reserve the right to close.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, the ranking member highlights that the World Health Organization somehow gives a head nod to sovereignty. It is true that in their most recent public draft they mention sovereignty, but only to the extent that they agree that it is in their interest. So somehow they take a position where they are going to judge whether it really conforms or not. That should be alarming, and it should persuade my colleagues to not vote on party lines, but instead, to unite in support of this good bill. Mr. Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Chair, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Self), a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a cosponsor of this bill.