Sheila Jackson Lee

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Let me thank the managing member, Mr. Kind of the Ways and Means Committee, for his leadership and the leadership of Chairman Rangel. And as well, let me thank my colleague Congressman Kevin Brady who over the last 10 days we have traveled throughout our respective districts, along with Congressman Lampson and Congressmen Al Green, Gene Green and Ron Paul, and we've worked together in a bipartisan effort to obviously respond to the devastation and needs of our constituents. People are suffering through the impact of Hurricane Ike. We've been told that there will be billions and billions of dollars of damage, 40,000 to 35,000 people still evacuated, many of them coming back to devastated housing and loss of housing. This is an important initiative. I think one of the most important aspects of it is the ability to increase low-income housing tax credits to States that contain Federal disaster areas. That is particularly important because we've seen the damage to our multiple family housing units. I've also seen the damage that comes about through our regular housing. Mortgage revenue bond financing for individuals suffering home damage as a result of Federal disaster, there's a limit to the annual amount of taxing housing bonds that each State may issue. This bill allows an increase, a very important part of recovery. In addition, a business is allowed a 5-year carryback period for certain losses related to the disaster. Of course, the State of Texas has Federal disaster counties, and we have an enormous impact in our business communities, particularly small businesses in our neighborhoods and in our cities. So this legislation is an important tax relief bill that I believe responds to the crux of the need for recovery, and that's what we want to do in the gulf region. We want to recover. Galveston wants to recover. The southeast part of Harris County wants to recover, and the inner city neighborhoods that I represent such as southeast, such as Acres Home, South Park, Sunny Side, northeast Houston, all of those want to recover. For that reason, I rise to support The Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008, H.R. 7006, and I ask my colleagues to support it.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the people of the State of Texas, and all of my colleagues that have been working on the devastation that we experienced in Hurricane Ike, I say thank you to our leadership and chairman of the Appropriations Committee and my colleague, Chairman Obey, and the staff, because disasters always need the benevolence and the friendship of the American people. And I thank you very much for your concern about the people in the Midwest and on the gulf region who have suffered, through no fault of their own. And so this is what our newspaper looks like every day for the last 10 days. The picture is one of a gentleman, 80 years old, Roy Krause in my district, with a tree protruding out of his house. His wife is in the hospital, no lights, no place to go. Galveston and regions around are suffering. And so I am very pleased that we can see the light at the end of the tunnel. This rule is necessary so that we can begin to help people. The $6.5 billion in CDBG money, one-third of it will be out of Washington, into the hands of the State of Texas, in 60 days. We have thousands of people returning as evacuees with no place to live; $400 billion for Economic Development Agency because we have businesses whose lights are still out; $800 million to FEMA that could help our businesses that have suffered business interruption. I met a couple as I was giving out MREs and water and ice. They had just come back from being evacuated. They are on hourly wages. They don't know how they're going to pay their rents. Social services block grants, $600 million. Because of our utility company, CenterPoint, we have hospital and nursing homes today without power and electricity. Those hospitals cannot dry out because they don't have power. And so this grant that we will have will be necessary. The Army Corps of Engineers, we don't have levees. I'm grateful for the levees. We have bayous that overran themselves and flooded people. So we are grateful for this, $200,000 in an earmark that I was able to secure for predisaster work and $1 million for flooding. But the real crux is human needs. We need this money now. And in addition to this legislation, I'm glad that we are taking care of our veterans, many of whom were displaced because of the hurricane, homeless veterans, people who were about to transition to a better life, then got wiped out. Yes, we need moneys for the Red Cross, and I support the $150 million that they need, but I really want this money to get to our people. And finally let me say, some of this devastation comes about because our utility companies were too worried about profits than performance, and so I have 180 schools that are out because of lack of power. I'm glad this bill will provide moneys from FEMA for public buildings to help them rebuild.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. But let me say this to my colleagues, we have got to address the crumbling infrastructure in America. The PUC of Texas ordered our utility company to precut limbs, to rebuild their power lines, to make them metal. They did not do it, and now we have close to 800,000 people without power still, not because we are trying to get more than we expect after a disaster, but it is because we have poor performance. Our trees are down. They are confused. They don't have an organized special needs list. My nursing homes are without power. My hospitals are without power. I'll be writing legislation to correct this immediately and provide penalties for those who cannot provide service. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 2638, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act. Although this legislation does not include the important legislative and policy language I sought to help my fellow Houstonians and Texans on the road to recovery from the devastation of Hurricane Ike, it does appropriate $22.9 billion in disaster assistance, which will help communities in Texas and across the nation rebuild, rejuvenate their local economies, and take steps to fortify ourselves from future disasters. I have been working diligently and tirelessly to prepare for the devastation wreaked by Hurricane Ike since September 11, and I have been in Houston nearly every day since Hurricane Ike hit landfall to assist my constituents and my fellow Texans respond to and recover from the widespread impact. The government should not abrogate its responsibility over the general welfare of its citizens, and all levels of government (federal, state, and local) must do a better job of coordinating and ensuring that relief is delivered in a timely and efficient manner. I am optimistic that this bipartisan legislation does that by assisting the victims and states affected by Hurricane Ike, especially in Texas, get on the road to recovery. I worked with Chairman Obey and my fellow Texan colleagues to appropriate $7.9 billion in disaster relief funds for FEMA so that this Agency can continue helping communities recover from Hurricane Ike by using these funds for emergency housing, school repairs, debris removal, infrastructure improvements, emergency protective measures, utility repairs, and water facilities. I also worked to provide $6.5 billion in Community Development Block Grants (CDBGs), which are flexible grants that help communities recover from disasters by providing temporary housing, repairing and replacing damaged homes and public infrastructure, and stimulating economic development activities. I also worked to include $600 million in social services block grants to provide states with flexible sources of funding to address emerging needs ranging from food assistance to urgent healthcare needs. We also have appropriated $1.3 billion to the Army Corps of Engineers to repair damage to infrastructure, especially bayous, drainage channels, and levees to bolster flood control efforts. Furthermore, we have appropriated $799 million for loans and technical assistance by the Small Business Administration (SBA) to businesses and homeowners who have been hit hard and need increased assistance. This legislation also includes assistance for emergency highway relief, levees in New Orleans, wildfires, economic development assistance, international disasters, and international food aid. While Hurricane Ike has left an enormous amount of devastation, it has brought out the amazing unity, strength and resilience that Texans and Americans possess. Whether rich or poor, black or white, young or old, Democrat or Republican, everyone has been working together to rebuild and move forward. This is a great testament to the insurmountable American spirit. More than 60 Americans and over 28 Texans have died as a result of Hurricane Ike. In addition, the hurricane has caused millions of dollars of damage in Houston and Galveston and billions of dollars damage throughout the Nation. After touring the devastation throughout the Houston and Galveston area, it is clear that the funds I helped secure for FEMA and CDBG grants are needed to help residents with recovery efforts in Houston and throughout Texas. As a senior Member of the House Homeland Security Committee, which has oversight over FEMA and DHS, I saw firsthand the waste, fraud, and abuse that occurred in the response and recovery effort to Hurricane Katrina. Furthermore, the almost exclusive use of major, national contractors marginalized and excluded small, minority, and local contractors from participating in the cleanup and rebuilding of New Orleans in particular. This exclusion of small, minority, and local contractors cannot be allowed to occur again in the response and recovery effort in Houston and throughout Texas. I am committed to exercising my oversight over funds appropriated to DHS and FEMA to ensure that they utilize, small, minority, and local businesses that must play an integral role in the recovery and rebuilding of their communities. Furthermore, the response efforts to Hurricane Ike in Texas, unfortunately similar to Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana but to a smaller extent, revealed breakdowns in communication between the state and local government on the one hand and FEMA and the Federal Government on the other hand. These communication failures resulted in unnecessary and avoidable delays in deploying vital resources to individuals and families in need. I look forward to hearing from the panelists on how we can increase the role that FEMA can play in the response and recovery efforts to natural disasters in order to ensure the most expeditious and efficient decision-making process possible. Whether it be through legislation or simply improved preparation and communication, we must take concrete steps to ensure that in the ongoing recovery effort, bureaucratic barriers are eliminated and minimized and that resources are deployed to individuals and families in need efficaciously. Nearly 6 million people nationwide and over 2.5 million Texas residents lost electricity and approximately \1/3\ Houstonians still have not regained power. This is unacceptable. CenterPoint, and to a smaller extent Entergy, have demonstrated that their utility infrastructure is lacking and insufficient to deal with a disaster of this magnitude. Clearly, we need to invest substantial funds to improve our electric grids to ensure that the disparate impact on vulnerable populations such as the elderly, disabled, and impoverished, are corrected and are never allowed to reoccur. Furthermore, I am drafting legislation to ensure that utility companies who ignore recommendations to upgrade their power infrastructure and fail to prepare for natural disasters face both civil and criminal liability for their negligent actions. Also, nearly 1 million people evacuated before Hurricane Ike and tens of thousands of Houstonians and Texans are facing a major housing crisis that must be addressed. The City of Houston will need over $2 billion for emergency shelters, temporary housing, removal of debris, emergency protective measures, and repairs for infrastructure, schools, and water facilities. The City of Houston also estimates that it will require over $300 million in CDBG grants for permanent housing to address this housing crisis. I am confident that I will have the strong support of my congressional colleagues in my efforts to ensure that Houston and Texas receives the funds it so desperately needs on the road to recovery. Also, the procedure for reimbursement of uninsured home damage is extremely cumbersome and slow and must be streamlined to assist families on the path to recovery. The current steps which allow for applicants to be rejected by the Small Business Administration (SBA) after they have registered with FEMA and have had their homes inspected and their losses assessed is broken and must be fixed. Although I support the additional support of our troops included in the Defense Appropriations portion of this legislation, I still must reluctantly oppose allowing President Bush to continue a war which the American people also oppose by failing to impose timelines for withdrawal. However this legislation also restores the crucial American priorities shortchanged by the President's proposed budget, this legislation restores vital homeland security programs, life-saving medical research, education for our children, financial aid for secondary studies, energy independence, and services for seniors. Throughout this year, the Democratic-led Congress has worked to restore these critical programs, and this omnibus appropriations bill represents the final rejection of the President's misguided budget cuts. Instead, this legislation provides funding for medical research, health care access, and rural hospitals. It increases funding for K-12 education, student aid, and vocational education. This legislation invests in our Nation's first responders, invests in highway infrastructure, and in a safe future for our children through renewable energy. Mr. Speaker, it is essential that the Congress, as the direct representatives of the American people, approve appropriations legislation that reflects the priorities of the American people. That is what this bill does. It restores funding, supported by a strong, bipartisan majority, for a wide variety of American needs. Even as the President asks for billions more to fund a war that the majority of Americans do not support, he proposes to essentially freeze most domestic funding. In addition, I am pleased to have been able to secure funding for a number of projects benefiting the citizens of the 18th congressional district of Texas such as $1 million for Harris County Flood Control District, $200,000 for City of Houston, and $200,000 for FEMA Pre- Disaster Mitigation. These funds will be crucial to ensure the havoc wreaked by Hurricane Ike is not repeated. Mr. Speaker, while I am pleased with many of the provisions of this legislation, this legislation contains some language which is unacceptable to me, and is unacceptable to the American people. My colleagues and I in the House of Representatives have tried, numerous times, to provide funds for the troops in Iraq specifically linked to a requirement for the immediate commencement of the redeployment of U.S. forces. As lawmakers continue to debate U.S. policy in Iraq, our heroic young men and women continue to willingly sacrifice life and limb on the battlefield. Our troops in Iraq did everything we asked them to do. We sent them overseas to fight an army; they are now caught in the midst of an insurgent civil war and continuing political upheaval. The United States will not and should not permanently prop up the Iraqi government and military. U.S. military involvement in Iraq will come to an end, and, when U.S. forces leave, the responsibility for securing their nation will fall to Iraqis themselves. However, whether or not my colleagues agree that the time has come to withdraw our American forces from Iraq, I believe that all of us in Congress should be of one accord that our troops deserve our sincere thanks and congratulations. Mr. Speaker, we have already lost over 4,100 American lives and $500 billion in taxpayer dollars in Iraq. We have occupied the country for over four years. And our President continues to push a strategy devoid of clear direction and visible targets, while rejecting congressional calls to solidify an exit strategy. In November 2006, the American people clearly stated that they did not want to see an endless conflict in Iraq; they went to the polls and elected a new, Democratic Congress to lead our nation out of Iraq. I am proud to be a member of the Congressional class that listens and adheres to the will of the American people, as we did when both houses of Congress approved Iraq Supplemental bills that instituted a timetable for U.S. withdrawal. We need a new direction, because we owe our brave, fighting men and women so much more. Washington made a mistake in going to war. It is time for politicians to admit that mistake and fix it before any more lives are lost. This Congress will not, as the previous Republican Congress did, continue to rubber stamp what we believe to be an ill-conceived war. As we continue to receive reports on the situation in Iraq, it is important that we continue to look forward, to the future of Iraq beyond a U.S. military occupation. Despite the multitude of mistakes perpetrated by President Bush and former Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, our troops have achieved a military success in ousting Saddam Hussein and assisting the Iraqis in administering a democratic election and electing a democratic government. However, only the Iraqi government can secure a lasting peace. Time and time again, the Iraqi government has demonstrated an inability to deliver on the political benchmarks that they themselves agreed were essential to achieving national reconciliation. Continuing to put the lives of our soldiers and our national treasury in the hands of what by most informed accounts, even by members of the Bush Administration, is an ineffective central Iraqi government is irresponsible and contrary to the wishes of the overwhelming majority of the American people. Our nation has already paid a heavy price in Iraq. Over 4,100 American soldiers have died. In addition, more than 30,600 have been wounded in the Iraq war since it began in March 2003. This misguided, mismanaged, and misrepresented war has claimed too many lives of our brave servicemen; its depth, breadth, and scope are without precedent in American history. In addition, the U.S. is spending an estimated $10 billion per month in Iraq. This $10 billion a month translates into $329,670,330 per day, $13,736,264 per hour, $228,938 per minute, and $3,816 per second. Ultimately, many estimate that Bush's misadventure in Iraq will cost over $1 trillion. Mr. Speaker, this House previously passed legislation providing our brave soldiers in Iraq with the resources they need, while requiring that the President begin to redeploy our troops. We have worked tirelessly to keep our soldiers and our nation safe. The open-ended war funding provided by this legislation is not the will of the American people, and I am proud to stand here, on their behalf, and oppose this legislation.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I stand here today with a heavy heart as I cast my vote against S. 3001, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009. While I support our men and women in the armed forces and our need to ensure our national security, I cannot with a clear conscience support a National Defense Authorization bill that includes money for Iraq without time-lines for an exodus. Samuel Adams, who was known as the Father of the American Revolution, stated ``All might be free if they valued freedom, and defended it as they should.'' While most of us value freedom, many of us do not risk our lives for it on a daily basis like our troops fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. H. Con. Res. 320 That is why I chose to celebrate one of our heroic daughters of Texas, Specialist Monica L. Brown of the United States Army with House Concurrent Resolution 320 for her efforts earlier this year. Specialist Brown was the first woman in Afghanistan and only the second female soldier since World War II to receive the Silver Star, the Nation's third-highest medal for valor. This solider from Lake Jackson, Texas is only 19 years old. On April 25, 2007, Specialist Brown was part of a four-vehicle convoy patrolling near Jani Kheil in the eastern province of Paktia when a bomb struck one of the Humvees. When Specialist Brown saw her fellow soldiers were injured, she grabbed her aid bag and started running toward the burning vehicle as insurgents opened fire. All five wounded soldiers from her platoon scrambled out. Under this commotion, she assessed her patients and moved them to a safer location because they were still receiving incoming fire. The Pentagon's official policy is to prohibit women from serving in front line combat roles in the infantry, armor or artillery, but the nature of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with no real front lines, has seen women soldiers take part in close quarters combat more than previous conflicts. Though I have opposed the war in Iraq from its inception, I remain absolutely committed to ensuring that we recognize, celebrate, and honor the service of our sons and daughters returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Our troops in Iraq did everything we asked them to do, and I firmly believe that we must commend the men and women of our military for their exemplary performance and success in Iraq. Defense BIll This defense bill reflects our commitment to support the men and women who fight to secure not only our citizens' freedom but the freedom of others. This bill will provide the necessary resources to protect the American people and our national interests at home and abroad. The Armed Services committee has provided for military readiness; taking care of our troops and their families; increasing focus on the war in Afghanistan; and improving interagency cooperation, oversight, and accountability in this year's defense authorization bill. Defense Provisions We must maintain our efforts to restore military readiness in order to meet current military challenges and prepare for the future. Thankfully, this defense bill: Provides fair compensation and first-rate health care, and improve the quality of life of the men and women in the armed forces (active duty, National Guard and Reserves) and their families. Provides our servicemen and women with the resources, training, technology, equipment (especially force protection) and authorities they need to succeed in combat and stability operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Seeks to reduce our Nation's strategic risk by taking action aimed at restoring, as soon as possible, the readiness of the military services to conduct the full range of their assigned missions. Improves the efficiency of Defense Department programs and activities, and applies the savings toward high-priority programs. Improves the ability of the armed forces to counter nontraditional threats, including terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Promotes the transformation of the armed forces to deal with the threats of the 21st century. Ensures aggressive and thorough oversight of the Department's programs and activities to ensure proper stewardship of taxpayer dollars and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Thank You to Our Troops We must extol our military for their courage and sacrifice in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The United States cannot and should not permanently prop up the Iraqi government and military. Whether or not my colleagues agree that the time has come to withdraw our American forces from Iraq, I believe that all of us are of one accord that our troops deserve our sincere thanks and congratulations. The United States Armed Forces successfully toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein and captured the key cities of Iraq in only 21 days. The Armed Forces performed magnificently in conducting military operations designed to ensure that the people of Iraq would enjoy the benefits of a democratically-elected government governing a county that is capable of sustaining itself economically and politically and defending itself militarily. While our troops have achieved the objectives for which they were sent to Iraq, they are now caught in the midst of a sectarian conflict. Unfortunately, there is no military solution to Iraq's ongoing political and sectarian conflicts. The objectives for which this Congress authorized war in Iraq have been met; therefore, that authorization should no longer be the basis for ongoing involvement by U.S. armed forces. Our military has already paid too heavy a price for this Administration's ill-advised and poorly planned war effort in Iraq. Mr. Speaker, although I appreciate the need to protect our great nation from enemies both foreign and domestic, and I support without hesitation our troops, I cannot in clear conscious support S. 3001 without clear withdrawal timelines for Iraq. I yield back the balance of my time. However, I will continue supporting the funding that is particular to supporting our troops, their families and our veterans.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, today I stand for a commitment to making public healthcare a priority. I stand for universal healthcare as a universal right. I stand to support H. Res. 1381, ``expressing the sense of the House that there should be an increased Federal commitment prioritizing prevention and public health for all people in the United States.'' I thank my colleague, Representative Roybal-Allard for introducing this important resolution. I would be remiss if I did not also thank my dear colleague from Michigan, Chairman of Judiciary, and Congressman John Conyers, for his tireless work on prioritizing healthcare in this Congress. His bimonthly meetings to bring together the healthcare community, congressional Members and staff, and other stakeholders; speaks to his commitment to making universal healthcare a priority. Sadly, the United States is the only wealthy, industrialized nation that does not have a universal health care system. Some of the other disturbing healthcare statistics are that: Health Insurance Statistics In 2006, the percentage of Americans without health insurance was 15.8 percent, or approximately 47 million uninsured people. Source: US Census Bureau. Among the 84.2 percent with health insurance in 2006, coverage was provided through an employer 59.7 percent, purchased individually 9.1 percent, and 27.0 percent was Government funded (Medicare, Medicaid, Military). Source: US Census Bureau. The primary reason given for lack of health insurance coverage in 2005 was cost (more than 50 percent), lost job or a change in employment (24 percent), Medicaid benefits stopped (10 percent), ineligibility for family insurance coverage due to age or leaving school (8 percent). Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Medicare, a federally funded health insurance program that covers the health care of most individuals 65 years of age and over and disabled persons, accounted for 13.6 percent of health care coverage in 2006. Source: US Census Bureau. Medicare operates with 3 percent overhead, non-profit insurance 16 percent overhead, and private (for-profit) insurance 26 percent overhead. Source: Journal of American Medicine 2007. Health Care Expenditures In 2005, personal health care expenditures were paid by private health insurance 36 percent, federal government 35 percent, state and local governments 11 percent, and out-of-pocket payments 15 percent. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. The United States spends twice as much on health care per capita ($7,129) than any other country * * * and spending continues to increase. In 2005, the national health care expenditures totaled $2 trillion. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. 75 percent of all health care dollars are spent on patients with one or more chronic conditions, many of which can be prevented, including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, lung disease, high blood pressure, and cancer. Source: Health Affairs. From 2000 to 2006, overall inflation has increased 3.5 percent, wages have increased 3.8 percent, and health care premiums have increased 87 percent. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation. Mr. Speaker, it is time we make public health a priority for all Americans. Children cannot do well in school when they do not have proper healthcare. Parents are afraid to change jobs because of possible loss or reductions in healthcare coverage. Our elders, our seniors have to choose between groceries and prescriptions. Healthcare will become a priority when we make it one. This body has the power to create a fundamental change in how our country views and manages its healthcare system. We have the power to make a change in the lives of everyday Americans for the better. For it does not matter how much money you have, how many languages you speak, or how many degrees you have earned--without your health, you have nothing. A healthier America--starts right here, right now. Let's make it a priority Today! Mr. Speaker, I encourage my colleagues to join me in supporting American families in their struggle to provide basic needs to their children, to their parents, and for themselves. I encourage my colleagues to remember that they hold the power of the pen and the vote, to make universal healthcare a priority. Mr. Burgess. Having no other requests for time, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Mr. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support of H. Res. 1461, ``Recognizing the Tenth Anniversary of the terrorist bombings of the United States embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Kenya and Tanzania who lives were lost or whose were injured as a result of these attacks which is introduced by my distinguished colleague Representative Scott. This legislation is important to ensure that we remember those who lost their lives and those lives were affected by these tragic and horrendous bombings. general On August 7, 1998, approximately 4,000 people were injured in the Nairobi bombing and 85 injured in Dar es Salaam. These attacks which killed hundreds of people, first brought international attention to Osama Bin Laden and his al Qaeda terrorist network, and stand out as one of the worst anti-American terrorist attacks preceding September 11, 2001. This legislation will recognize all the citizens whose lives were lost in these bombings. In addition to recognizing the 10th anniversary of the al Qaeda bombings, this resolution will recognize all the families and friends of victims lost in the attack and mourn those who lost their lives in these tragic and senseless attacks. This resolution will also express gratitude for the people of Kenya and Tanzania for their gracious contributions and assistance following these attacks in striving for future opportunity, democracy, and prosperity, and reaffirm its resolve to defeat al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. It is a national tragedy that lives have been victim to reckless acts of terrorism, and the least we can do as a Congress, as a Nation is to recognize those involved in this tragedy and the counties who came to our aid. We cannot withhold this honor from those victims that perished in the tragedy. As honored Members of Congress, we have the honor to have the opportunity to recognize this anniversary and ensure the proper recognition is given to those involved in the terrorist bombings of 1998. Anything else would be giving in to the power of the terrorist, to which America will not yield. I firmly believe that we must pass this legislation in order to demonstrate our support of those people who lost their lives and those people who lost their loved ones, and I urge my colleagues to do the same. Though this was a horrible tragedy, we can recognize the Tenth Anniversary and bring honor to those who were victims of al Qaeda.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I speak today on an important bill that I believe in, H.R. 758, The Breast Cancer Patient Protect Action of 2007. This bill is important to people facing this horrible disease, and it is time that we protect those who are the most vulnerable among us. Patients who have breast cancer face a very tough road ahead. The medical realities are enough to frighten anyone and these patients face financial realities as well. With an ever corporatizing of the American health care system, it's more of an in and out process. Even those with excellent healthcare are pushed out of hospitals with great speed. Worse yet, those who do survive face an uphill battle making sure they can get the follow up they need to assure a long and healthy life. This bill will show support for those with breast cancer that they are not alone. Worried that while they are recovering from major surgery, their insurance company will look at the bottom line, and no longer pay for hospital stays. This bill will require insurance companies to pay for the stays as long as the doctor thinks is necessary. As I am sure all of my colleagues know, you cannot get an insurance company to do anything without regulation. This legislation will also remove the doctor's biggest challenge, needing insurer's permission before doing what they believe is medically necessary. There is nothing worse about our healthcare system today then the thought that it's not your doctor making the decisions for your care, but it's the insurance company that pays him or her. It's an unfortunate reality that doctors must choose between caring for their patients and keeping their practice and families afloat. This bill will at least give these doctors back the right to have the option of always putting their patients first. Last, this bill also provides for secondary consultations by specialists in the appropriate medical fields to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cancer. While the vast majority of cancer diagnoses are correct, with the small numbers that are ``false positives'' this bill will allow for patients to double check their status before undergoing very expensive and dangerous treatment. I am reminded of the American political commentator, journalist, and author, Molly Ivins of Texas. Diagnosed with breast cancer when she was 55, she didn't look down on her situation and feel sorry for herself. She instead looked at it as an opportunity saying, ``One of the things I said was that I had been in great hopes I would become a better person as a result of confronting my own mortality, but it actually never happened. I didn't become a better person.'' After two mastectomies, Molly toured around the country speaking out about breast cancer awareness, tragically she later died of the disease. Almost everyone has had, or knows someone who has breast cancer, it's our mothers and daughters, sisters and friends who face this disease, and it's time we honor them, by protecing those who come after them. I also pay tribute to the work of Sister's Network in supporting this bill. Mr. Speaker, we need to make sure that doctors are making the right diagnosis, that they are making the choices in care and not the insurance companies and that the health and care of these patients are in the right hands. I urge passage of this bill.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to voice my support for House Concurrent Resolution 255, expressing the sense of Congress regarding the United States commitment to preservation of religious and cultural sites and condemning instances where sites are desecrated. The heart of this bill is protecting the memory and beliefs of those around the world. Protecting the beliefs of others allows me to rest easy that my beliefs and the beliefs of those in the 18th Congressional District of Texas are kept safe. Protecting religious freedoms isn't just about allowing anyone to pray to whatever God they believe in, it is also about allowing them to have religious sites that are safe from molestation by people who disagree with what those places symbolize and embody. These sites are more than Churches, Synagogues, and Mosques; they are gardens, statues, and cemeteries. Before 9/11 happened, the Taliban was still in the midst of wreaking havoc on all those who believed in things different from them. In March 2001, Supreme Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar issued an edict against un-Islamic graven images. This edict made two mountain sized, 1,500 year old sandstone statues of Buddha against the law. Through hand placed dynamite and tank shells fired from below, these two majestic monuments of sixth century ingenuity were reduced to rubble. As if this wasn't bad enough, the culprits of this despicable deed went through local museums with sledge hammers finding anything that was related to other religions. After it was over, 2,500 artifacts from centuries passed were lost forever to what can only be described as petty, but effective, vandalism. Mr. Speaker, destruction like this should not be allowed. This does not just hurt those who follow the teachings of Buddha; this hurts those who have their own beliefs shared by people around the world. Christian burial grounds, Jewish monuments to the Holocaust, and Islamic mosques need to be protected to assure that every man, woman, and child has the right to practice whatever religion they want. Second only to personal safety, in regard to defending religious rights, is safeguarding the sites that are sacred to a religion. Buddhists around the world were gravely hurt by the destruction of their statues. Before the Taliban had come to power, these 15 story tall monuments had served as a beacon for Buddhists everywhere. They could come and view the proof that people just like them 15 centuries ago had the same basic beliefs that they did. This was proof that this faith could endure and in fact, had for generations. This bill will express to the world, in a clear and unwavering voice, that the United States of America will not tolerate such brutal attacks on religion. Residents of my district know that if anyone in the world was attacking their most tightly held beliefs and religious ideals that the Federal Government would not sit idly by and watch as a repeat of the destruction on the mountainside of Bamiyan, Afghanistan, occurred. Sites from Jerusalem's Wailing Wall to the supreme holy city of Mecca to the Vatican City should remain protected from those who don't believe what these places represent. In the end, the right to practice any religion you choose doesn't just protect those who practice; it protects those who don't practice. Religion, like speech, is such an engrained belief in our country, since the time of the founding of the country, that it must be protected at all costs.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I too want to add my appreciation to the chairman of the full committee, Mr. Berman of California, and the ranking member, Ms. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, who was obviously here during that first Durban Conference in 2001. Interestingly enough, that conference preceded the horrific tragedy that occurred in this country. I might venture to say that the contempt and hatred that was expressed there certainly did not help in adding to the idea that we are all part of the human family. But I will say to you that this is a characterization of relief. And I do thank my colleague from California, Congresswoman Barbara Lee. Both of us were on that early delegation. But more importantly we worked extensively to pressure, if you will, the Bush administration to actually send a high level delegation. In fact I believe that if we had sent a high-level delegation, many of us many times will argue for boycotting. In this instance, we worked with Secretary Powell and begged him to go so that he could put a face of America, and that face of America will be in conjunction with the basis of this particular conference, and that is for the first time to be able to hold a conference that marked an important recognition of the historic wounds raised or caused by slavery, colonialism and related ongoing racism, racial discrimination, including the recognition of trans-Atlantic slave trade as a crime against humanity and the people of African descent, people of Asian descent, and indigenous people, and as well to stamp out racial discrimination against persons of African descent, members of Jewish, Muslim, castes, indigenous Roma and Sinti and other communities. That is what we were supposed to be doing. But because I believe we did not send a high-level delegation, it was hijacked. We were hoodwinked. But I can assure you that as I can recount the actions of those of us who went unofficially claiming we were official, we were running from one meeting to the next to be able to argue for the purpose of this particular conference, putting the message of America forward, suggesting that we want to stamp out racism and anti-Semitism and other forms of discrimination. We were there on the front line. This is an important statement. And that statement says that America does recognize the sins of the past, that we do embrace those around the world who have suffered injustices, and we reject the anti-Semitism or creating an opportunity for this to be a cause of bashing Israel. But I believe that as we go as a full delegation, which I hope that many of us will again be able to attend the Durban review in 2009, you will see the opportunity for African Americans and those descendants of slaves around the world, those who are presently abused, you will see a standing up for the cause of eliminating and eradicating racism wherever it is and scapegoating any people, which includes as well the Jewish people and the State of Israel. Madam Speaker, I believe that this is a right step. I wish we had had this document. I wish we had had a high-level delegation some years ago. And if I might quickly acknowledge Mary Robinson.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I acknowledge the then Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson, who was the architect somewhat of this idea. Her heart was in the right place. She was there. She wanted us to speak on the issues that this conference needed to grapple. Racism, Madam Speaker, is intrinsic. It is deep. It is in the souls of many. It covers ethnicities and language. It is difficult to deal with. This is an important conference. This legislation should craft it, design it and stand for it in the right way. Let me thank the NAACP for its support of this legislation. And I understand Wade Henderson, who was one of the architects of working with this, this is the right direction to go. I'm looking forward to a conference that speaks to the issues and embraces all of those who have been victims of racism and discrimination and to end it forever and ever.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of H. Res. 1451. This is important. It is a nonpartisan human rights commission that will have a universal code of human rights which is imperative. This human rights commission will look at charges of human rights violations according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that will certainly show countries and individuals who choose to violate what every individual has a right to: their civil liberties. I urge my colleagues to support H. Con. Res. 1451 because it establishes a commission on human rights that creates a way for Congress to promote, defend, and advocate internationally recognized human rights. This resolution is timely because there have been numerous violations of civil rights all over the world. Egregious human rights violations are occurring in countries such as Sudan, Pakistan, Colombia, and China every day. Sudan's own president is wanted by the ICC for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. This is the first time the ICC Prosecutor has named a sitting head of state, and the first time it has accused a suspect of genocide. There are also allegations of attacks on peacekeepers by rebels in Darfur. There are also numerous abuses of women in Pakistan where Dr. Shazia was a 32-year-old Pakistani physician who worked at a hospital run by Pakistan Petroleum Limited, a state-owned natural gas supplier in Baluchistan, a remote area of Pakistan. On January 2, 2005, Dr. Shazia was attacked and raped in her home, a guarded compound, by an intruder who broke in at night while she was sleeping. She reported the crime although told to stay quiet. Doctors sedated her and flew her to a psychiatric hospital in Karachi. The government forced Dr. Shazia to sign a statement saying that she had been given government help and that she wanted to close the matter. China is also a country that commits numerous civil rights violations. It has a 1982 constitution that guarantees freedom of speech, but the Chinese Government often uses the subversion of state power clause to imprison those who are critical of the government. The PRC is known for its intolerance of organized dissent toward the government. Dissident groups are routinely arrested and imprisoned, often for long periods of time and without trial. The Chinese Government also limits religious freedom by requiring that members of the Communist Party be atheists. Between June 2006 and June 2007, at least 280 Colombian civilians were extra judicially killed by Colombian security forces and many of them were subsequently presented by those forces as guerrillas killed in conflict. And this year human rights groups have continued to document extrajudicial killings by some Colombian military forces. As a civilized nation, we cannot remain silent at outrages such as these. We must give voice to those who cannot on their own, and we must scream at the offense to human rights and settle for nothing less than full and complete justice. The United States Congress must show the violators that their actions will not be condoned or ignored. We must come together and take action on the atrocities occurring in the international community. The human rights commission will promote human rights education, serve as a medium for dialogue on human rights issues, and promote the realization of human rights obligations. Promoting human rights education is vital for administering justice to those who have been wronged and this bill proposes to do just that. We need to know what is wrong in order to help those who have been wronged. Establishing a human rights commission is important in establishing a united American foreign policy that consistently stands for human dignity around the world. We need to use this commission to find the best course of action to encourage countries from around the world to adopt principles for the protection of human rights.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I speak today on a very close subject to my heart, House Resolution 6950, a bill to establish the Stephanie Tubbs Jones Gift of Life Medal for organ donors and the family of organ donors. Congresswoman Tubbs Jones was a rare breed of person who not only talked the talk, but walked the walk. Tragedy struck Congress a few weeks ago when Congresswoman Tubbs Jones was taken from us. This brought attention to an issue of vital importance to her and the Nation. Organ transplantation is the greatest gift a person can give. While a majority of them happen while both the donor and the recipient are alive, a large number happen after death. Unfortunately these organs, such as the heart, lung, liver, and kidney, among others, are very hard to come by. In the Congresswoman's home State, only 53 percent of the population was a registered organ donor. This is a good start but we must go further. When a loved one dies, it is never a happy moment; experiences like this always bring sadness and sorrow. When that loved one's death can serve as a beacon of hope for another, it does not lessen the sadness; it allows the family to have a good, if small, memory of the loss of their loved one. When Congresswoman Tubbs Jones passed away, we were all deeply saddened but I think I can speak for more than a few of my fellow Members of Congress when I express the joy and pride I felt when I learned that after years of advocating for organ transplantation, Congresswoman Tubbs Jones left all of her vital organs to those in need. Organ transplantation needs to increase in this country. With currently over 100,000 people on the transplant list waiting for organs, we can not afford to wait to act any longer. Currently, African Americans make up about 12 percent of the Nation's population and about 12 percent of the patients who donate. However, of all the patients requiring a transplant, 23 percent of them are African American. This disparity is a growing epidemic and must be resolved. This bill will do three wonderful things and help the cause that the Congresswoman fought for in all her years serving Ohio. One, it will honor the life of an unwavering advocate of transplant. Naming the medal after her will show all those who come later, that this was a woman deep with passion about this important issue. It will shine a light on a life that helped shine a light on others. Second, this bill will honor those, who like the Congresswoman, have showed their true patriotism to their fellow man or woman and shared with them the greatest gift. These medals are a way that the Federal Government, on behalf of its people, to begin to thank Americans who commit themselves to being organ donors. Lastly this bill will help raise awareness for minority health issues. It was found that African Americans make up a disproportional number of patients requiring transplants and that they wait, on average, longer to receive an organ. When they do finally receive this opportunity, they are sicker and the success rate is not what it could be. We can, and must, do more. Mr. Speaker, we can do something to help the millions of men and women around the world waiting for organ transplants. We should also move quickly to honor those who have already given the greatest gift there is. As Albert Einstein once said, ``Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile'' and no one exemplified this better than Stephanie Tubbs Jones. I urge my colleagues to pass this bill to honor her.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. This bill will also provide an updated reimbursement formula to these nonprofits to modernize the system. Most importantly, it will make a very important statement, Mr. Speaker--the need for organ donors and the great need of those needing organ transplants. We know that we lost our very dear friend in August, a friend who championed health care, who championed her own health system in the State of Ohio. More importantly, she valued life because she lived it to the fullest. Yet she understood that, in death, you can also give life. This is a great tribute to Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs Jones. It reminds us again of the need of organ transplants and of donors in the African American population, which makes up about 12 percent of the Nation's population, about 12 percent of the patients who donate but 23 percent of the need. So this is an important step forward, this legislation that is now being renewed. It is an important tribute to Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs Jones and to her family. Out of the joyful life that she had, she then gave life in death and reminded us of the importance of organ transplants and of the life they give to others. I ask my colleagues to support this legislation. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to voice my support for House Resolution 6469, The Organ Transplant Authorization Act of 2008. Whether in war or peace, the greatest gift one person can give to another is the gift of life. When a loved one dies, it is never a happy moment; experiences like this always bring sadness and sorrow. When that loved one's death can serve as a beacon of hope for another, it does not lessen the sadness; it allows the family to have a good, if small, memory of the loss of their loved one. Thankfully, there are a great number of cases of living donors sharing the gift of life instead of giving it. In this country, the need for kidneys grows every year as kidney disease increases. It is estimated that within the next decade, the rate of kidney disease will double. Currently there are over 60,000 people on the transplant list praying that someday they will receive a kidney and will be able to live a full life, free of dialysis three times a week. It is time to help patients, all across the country, in need of lifesaving transplants of not just the kidney, but also heart, liver, lung and other vital organs. Currently, we are facing a crisis in this country with regards to transplanting organs. As costs and governmental regulations go up, so does the cost, and so must the funding. As of now we are using a formula that was developed in 1984. It is old and outdated. Since then, there have been countless new regulations that have increased the cost. In response, the marketplace has been shifting this cost on to private entities. Often these entities are nonprofits that lack the funds to help all they should be able to. We need to help these patients with high quality, low cost health care that will assure that even those needing transplants can rest easy that they will receive the care they deserve. This bill will create the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. This public and private partnership will greatly increase patients' access to transplants. Additionally it will take some of the burden off of the nonprofit entities that are already facing some of the toughest conditions in the sector. This bill will also provide an updated reimbursement formula to these nonprofits to modernize the system. Finally, this bill will honor an ardent supporter of transplantation, the Honorable Stephanie Tubbs Jones. Before her death, she ordered that when she passed away, her organs be donated, to any in need. Her death, while a great loss for myself, her state, and anyone who knew her and loved her, will hopefully serve as an example for her fellow Ohioans and beyond. Congresswoman Tubbs Jones knew, like all of us will, that there is a growing need among the African American community for transplantation. Currently, African Americans make up about 12 percent of the Nation's population and about 12 percent of the patients who donate. However, of all the patients requiring a transplant, 23 percent of them are African American. This disparity is a growing epidemic and must be resolved. Mr. Speaker, Congresswoman Tubbs Jones served as a model for how we should live our lives and beyond. I hope that her memory will inspire millions around the Nation to take up the noble cause of saving those who have no other choice. I urge passage of this bill.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I thank the Speaker very much, and I appreciate his leadership this evening, and I appreciate his managing the floor in such a dynamic and excellent manner. Let me also thank the chairman of the subcommittee on Energy and Commerce, Mr. Pallone, the manager of this bill. Let me thank our loyal opposition, Dr. Burgess, a colleague and friend from Texas. As well, let me thank Diana DeGette, who has worked so hard to get this legislation to the floor, one legislative initiative that has been championed by Stephanie Tubbs Jones and the honor that has been given her by naming this the Stephanie Tubbs Jones Organ Transplant Authorization Act of 2008. This is a difficult question to debate on the floor of the House because, whenever you think of organ transplants, you're well aware that someone you've loved or some friend or some neighbor has passed away, and we know that when a loved one dies it is never a happy moment. Experiences like this always bring sadness and sorrow, but when that loved one's death can serve, however, as a beacon of hope for someone else, maybe there can be an additional moment of comfort for those who have lost their loved ones. That's probably one of the most difficult aspects is to predict loss of life or to be able to say to your family that you want to be an organ donor. This legislation, I think, goes a long way in responding to the thousands and thousands who are on the list for organ donations, such as for kidney and liver donations. Currently, there are over 60,000 people on the transplant list for kidneys, praying that someday they will receive a kidney and will be able to live a full life. Liver donations, I know, are extremely difficult. I want to pay tribute to one of our very fine public servants in the State of Texas, State Senator Mario Gallegos, who goes around speaking openly about how his life was saved because of a liver transplant and about how he works tirelessly for full coverage for those individuals who receive transplants. This bill is an important bill because the formula that was developed for organ transplants was developed in 1984. It is old and outdated. Since then, there have been countless new regulations that have increased the cost. In response, the marketplace has been shifting this cost on to private entities. Often, these entities are nonprofits that lack the funds to help in all they should be able to do or would like to do. We need to help these patients with high-quality, low-cost health care and assure those who are needing transplants that they can rest easy in that they will receive the care they deserve. That is the advocacy of Senator Mario Gallegos. This bill will create the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network public-private partnership that will greatly increase a patient's access to transplants. Additionally, it will take some of the burden off of the nonprofit entities that are already facing some of the toughest conditions in the sector.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise is strong support of H. Res. 1369, Recognizing nongovernmental organizations working to bring just and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians, which I am a cosponsor of. This bill was introduced by my distinguished colleague from California Congresswoman Barbara Lee. This important legislation encourages countries in the Middle East to find a solution that will ensure long lasting stability, prosperity, and self-sufficiency in their region and affirms the importance of nongovernmental organizations to this process. general For decades, the United States and Israel have maintained strong bilateral relations based on a number of factors, including strong domestic U.S. support for Israel; shared strategic goals in the Middle East; shared democratic values; and historic ties dating back to U.S. support of the creation of Israel in 1948. U.S. economic and military aid has been a major component in cementing and reinforcing these ties. Although there have been occasional differences over Israel's settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and Israeli arms sales to China, successive administrations and many lawmakers have long considered Israel to be a reliable partner in the region, and U.S. aid packages for Israel have reflected this sentiment. However, the elongated years of fighting between Israel and Palestine are indirectly detrimental to the position of our country in the Middle East. The most beneficial solution for the United States, Israel, and Palestine is lasting peace in the holy regions, and as the Congress of the United States we must recognize that nongovernmental organizations can facilitate this process and aid every country involved. The stability of the Middle Eastern region is important the United States, and this resolution will reaffirm our commitment to supporting any steps towards peace in the Israel and Palestine.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I rise today to express my gratitude to all the men and women who have served and are currently serving in our Armed Forces. It is there courage and sacrifice that has paved for the rights and freedoms we enjoy. Since September 2001, more than 1,700,000 members of the Armed Forces have been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, and nearly 611,000 have been deployed more than once. Many of our men and women in the armed forces have given the ultimate sacrifice to secure the freedoms of others. As of May 3, 2008 over 4,500 died and over 32,000 wounded while deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan). The members of our Armed Forces and their families deserve all the medical, financial, education, and moral support that our Nation can provide. The resolution we considered today provides an opportunity for each of us, regardless of political views, religion, ethnicity, gender, or background to come together, and to recognize and honor our nation's heroes and those that support them and their families. Though we may be divided by our positions on the war in Iraq, we stand together to support our veterans. Our nation has a proud legacy of appreciation and commitment to the men and women who have worn the uniform in defense of this country. We must be united in seeing that every soldier, sailor, airman, and marine is welcomed back with all the care and compassion this grateful nation can bestow. All too many of our veterans are left without the help and support they need to transition from the horrors they bravely face on the front lines of battle to successful civilian life. According to the Veteran's Affairs Department, as of 2006, on any given night, 196,000 veterans of all ages were homeless. The V.A. also reports 400 veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan alone have already become homeless, and this figure only takes into account those who have sought services from V.A.-sponsored programs. Experts have predicted that the trauma resulting from the extreme horrors of these modern wars could lead to a surge in homeless veterans in the coming years. Though I have opposed the war in Iraq from its inception, I remain absolutely committed to ensuring that we recognize, celebrate, and honor the service of our sons and daughters in and returning from, Iraq and Afghanistan. I am proud to support S. 1315 by my colleague in the Senate, Senator Akaka. I firmly believe that we should celebrate and support our armed forces and their families, and I remain committed, as a Member of Congress, to both meeting the needs of veterans of previous wars, and to provide a fitting welcome home to those who are now serving. Current serving military personnel and veterans have kept their promise to serve our nation; they have willingly risked their lives to protect the country we all love. We must now ensure that we keep our promises to them.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker. I rise today in strong support of H.R. 5352, the ``Elder Abuse Victims Act of 2008''. This bills addresses health and safety issues for elders. This bill will protect the most vulnerable members of our society: the elderly. I strongly support this bill and have authored an amendment that was accepted in Committee. I will discuss more about my amendment later. I urge my colleagues to support this bill. Each year in the United States, between one-half million to five million elders are abused, neglected or exploited. Experts agree that most cases are never reported. Data collected on the problem is minimal, and there has been no comprehensive national approach to solving the many problems. In fact, the House has held only one hearing on elder abuse, over 16 years ago, in 1991. These problems likely will increase in the next 30 years, as 76 million baby boomers approach retirement. H.R. 5352 establishes a national Elder Justice Coordinating Council and Advisory Board on Elder Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation. Its purpose is to protect seniors in the United States from elder abuse by establishing specialized elder abuse prosecution and research programs and providing training for law enforcement and prosecutors. My amendment, which was included at the Committee, allows a voluntary electronic monitoring pilot program to assist with the elderly when they are reported missing. Specifically, my amendment allows the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to issue grants to states and local government to carry out pilot programs to provide voluntary electronic monitoring services to elderly individuals to assist in the location of such individuals when they are reported missing. This amendment helps elderly people. I urge my colleagues to support this bill.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in today in support of the H.R. 6604, the Commodity Markets Transparency and Accountability Act of 2008, introduced by Congressman Peterson of Minnesota. Background on H.R. 6604 This legislation will bring greater transparency to commodity and futures markets. It will improve price discovery and risk mitigation functions working to benefit producers, processors and consumers. This bill toughens position limits on oil and other futures markets as a way to prevent potential price distortions caused by excessive speculative trading. H.R. 6604 extends Commodity Futures Trading Commission, CFTC, oversight to previously exempt over-the-counter markets, and it calls for new full-time CFTC staff to improve enforcement, to prevent manipulation, and to prosecute fraud. Closes the ``London Loophole''--Foreign boards of trade that offer electronic access to U.S. traders for energy or agricultural commodities settled by physical delivery in the U.S. are not currently subjected by statute to the same speculative position limits traders are subject to on domestic exchanges. H.R. 6604 requires foreign boards of trade to adopt speculative position limits on these contracts similar to exchanges under U.S. regulation and to share large trader reporting data with the CFTC. Foreign boards of trade must have the authority to require traders to limit, reduce, or liquidate a position in order to prevent excessive speculation or price distortion. Increases Transparency in Dark Markets--H.R. 6604 requires the CFTC to get a complete picture of the swaps markets by defining and classifying index traders and swap dealers, and subjecting them to strict reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Position reporting will become mandatory for over-the-counter trading in agricultural and energy contracts, similar to on-exchange contracts. The commission will also disaggregate and publicly provide data to examine the true extent of index and other passive fund participation in futures markets for energy and agricultural products. Speculative Position Limits--Currently, speculative position limits are set by regulated exchanges for energy contracts and the CFTC for some agricultural futures contracts. H.R. 6604 requires the CFTC to set position limits for all energy and agricultural futures markets. This bill will limit traders' ability to amass huge positions that would otherwise allow them to distort the market. Restrict Hedge Exemptions to Bona Fide Hedgers--H.R. 6604 will reform the process for granting hedge exemptions from position limits. Exemptions would be available only for bona fide market participants who actually engage in the commercial use, production, or distribution of the physical commodity. While position limits are currently granted to bona-fide hedgers, who are using the futures markets to offset their price risk, the CFTC has also granted hedge exemptions to swaps dealers who are not taking delivery of the physical commodity. This loophole has allowed institutional investors to take, through a series of trades, larger positions, than they would be able to take if they traded on the exchanges directly. Strengthens CFTC Enforcement Resources--The CFTC was created in 1974 as the chief regulator of futures and options markets. It does this with a full-time enforcement staff that monitors large trader positions, prevents scams, and prosecutes and prevents market manipulation. Trading volume has increased 8,000 percent since the CFTC was created, but the agency is operating at its lowest staffing levels since 1974. H.R. 6604 calls for a minimum of 100 full-time CFTC employees to enforce manipulation and fraud in the commodities markets. Conclusion Mr. Speaker I urge my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support H.R. 6604. I fully support Representative Peterson and the Agriculture Committee.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of H.R. 1356, Celebrating the 221st anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the United States of America and honoring the efforts of the 42 delegates who attended the majority of the Constitutional Convention meetings and the 39 signers, introduced by my distinguished colleague Representative Garrett. This legislation acknowledges the significance of the ideals established by the Constitution, including the principle of a limited federal government with a system of checks and balances, and recognizes the Constitution as the source responsible for our nation's ability to withstand calamity and preserve stability. Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties.--Abraham Lincoln Background The members of the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Constitutional Convention convened in response to dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation and the need for a strong centralized government. After 4 months of secret debate and many compromises, the proposed Constitution was submitted to the States for approval. Although the vote was close in some States, the Constitution was eventually ratified and the new Federal government came into existence in 1789. The Constitution established the U.S. government as it exists today. The Constitution represents the founding of our government as we know it today. For 221 years, the United States has fought to maintain a democracy that equally represents everyone that resides within the boundaries our Nation. Without this sacred document, the rules that govern our Nation would be obsolete. The concrete separation that ensures the stability of our government and thus, our Nation is due to the Constitution Convention that we recognize today.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of S. 3406, the ``ADA Restoration Act of 2007.'' I wholeheartedly support this bill and urge my colleagues to support it also. The changes embodied by this Act, that restore the with Disabilities Act of 1990 (``ADA'') to its original purpose, are long overdue. S. 3406, the ``ADA Restoration Act of 2007,'' amends the definition of ``disability'' in the ADA in response to the Supreme Court's narrow interpretation of the definition, which has made it extremely difficult for individuals with serious health conditions--epilepsy, diabetes, cancer, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis and severe intellectual impairments--to prove that they qualify for protection under the ADA. The Supreme Court has narrowed the definition in two ways: (1) by ruling that mitigating measures that help control an impairment like medicine, hearing aids, or any other treatment must be considered in determining whether an impairment is disabling enough to qualify as a disability; and (2) by ruling that the elements of the definition must be interpreted ``strictly to create a demanding standard for qualifying as disabled.'' The Court's treatment of the ADA is at odds with judicial treatment of other civil rights statutes, which usually are interpreted broadly to achieve their remedial purposes. It is also inconsistent with Congress's intent. The Committee will consider a substitute that represents the consensus view of disability rights groups and the business community. That substitute restores Congressional intent by, among other things: Disallowing consideration of mitigating measures other than corrective lenses (ordinary eyeglasses or contacts) when determining whether an impairment is sufficiently limiting to qualify as a disability; Maintaining the requirement that an individual qualifying as disabled under the first of the three-prong definition of ``disability'' show that an impairment ``substantially limits'' a major life activity but defining ``substantially limits'' as a less burdensome ``materially restricts''; Clarifying that anyone who is discriminated against because of an impairment, whether or not the impairment limits the performance of any major life activities, has been ``regarded as'' disabled and is entitled to the ADA's protection. Background on Legislation Eighteen years ago, President George H.W. Bush, with overwhelming bipartisan support from the Congress, signed into law the ADA. The Act was intended to provide a ``clear and comprehensive mandate,'' with ``strong, consistent, enforceable standards,'' for eliminating disability-based discrimination. Through this broad mandate, Congress sought to protect anyone who is treated less favorably because of a current, past, or perceived disability. Congress did not intend for the courts to seize on the definition of disability as a means of excluding individuals with serious health conditions from protection, yet this is exactly what has happened. A legislative action is now needed to restore congressional intent and ensure broad protection against disability-based discrimination. Court Rulings Have Narrowed ADA Protection, Resulting in the Exclusion of Individuals that Congress Clearly Intended to Protect. Through a series of decisions interpreting the ADA's definition of ``disability,'' however, the Supreme Court has narrowed the ADA in ways never intended by Congress. First, in three cases decided on the same day, the Supreme Court ruled that the determination of ``disability'' under the first prong of the definition--i.e., whether an individual has a substantially limiting impairment--should be made after considering whether mitigating measures had reduced the impact of the impairment. In all three cases, the undisputed reason for the adverse action was the employee's medical condition, yet all three employers argued--and the Supreme Court agreed--that the plaintiffs were not protected by the ADA because their impairments, when considered in a mitigated state, were not limiting enough to qualify as disabilities under the ADA. Three years later, the Supreme Court revisited the definition of ``disability'' in Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams. In that case, the plaintiff alleged that her employer discriminated against her by failing to accommodate her disabilities, which included carpal tunnel syndrome, myotendonitis, and thoracic outlet compression. While her employer previously had adjusted her job duties, making it possible for her to perform well despite these conditions, Williams was not able to resume certain job duties when requested by Toyota and ultimately lost her job. She challenged the termination, also alleging that Toyota's refusal to continue accommodating her violated the ADA. Looking to the definition of ``disability,'' the Court noted that an individual ``must initially prove that he or she has a physical or mental impairment,'' and then demonstrate that the impairment ``substantially limits'' a ``major life activity.'' Identifying the critical questions to be whether a limitation is ``substantial'' and whether a life activity is ``major,'' the court stated that ``these terms need to be interpreted strictly to create a demanding standard for qualifying as disabled.'' The Court then concluded that ``substantial'' requires a showing that an individual has an impairment ``that prevents or severely restricts the individual, and `major' life activities requires a showing that the individual is restricted from performing tasks that are `of central importance to most people's daily lives.' '' In the wake of these rulings, disabilities that had been covered under the Rehabilitation Act and that Congress intended to include under the ADA--serious health conditions like epilepsy, diabetes, cancer, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis--have been excluded. Either, the courts say, the person is not impaired enough to substantially limit a major life activity, or the impairment substantially limits something--like liver function--that the courts do not consider a major life activity. Courts even deny protection when the employer admits that it took adverse action based on the individual's impairment, allowing employers to take the position that an employee is too disabled to do a job but not disabled enough to be protected by the law. On October 4, 2007, the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties held a legislative hearing on S. 3406, the ``ADA Restoration Act of 2007.'' Witnesses at the hearing included Majority Leader Steny H. Hoyer (D-MD); Cheryl Sensenbrenner, Chair, American Association of People with Disabilities; Stephen C. Orr, pharmacist and plaintiff in Orr v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.; Michael C. Collins, Executive Director, National Council on Disability; Lawrence Z. Lorber, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; and Chai R. Feldblum, Professor, Georgetown University Law Center. The hearing provided an opportunity for the Constitution Subcommittee to examine how the Supreme Court's decisions regarding the definition of ``disability'' have affected ADA protection for individuals with disabilities and to consider the need for legislative action. Representative Hoyer, one of the lead sponsors of the original act and, along with Representative Sensenbrenner, lead House co-sponsor of the ADA Restoration Act, explained the need to respond to court decisions ``that have sharply restricted the class of people who can invoke protection under the law and [reinstate] the original congressional intent when the ADA passed.'' Explaining Congress's choice to adopt the definition of ``disability'' from the Rehabilitation Act because it had been interpreted generously by the courts, Representative Hoyer testified that Congress had never anticipated or intended that the courts would interpret that definition so narrowly: [W]e could not have fathomed that people with diabetes, epilepsy, heart conditions, cancer, mental illnesses and other disabilities would have their ADA claims denied because they would be considered too functional to meet the definition of disabled. Nor could we have fathomed a situation where the individual may be considered too disabled by an employer to get a job, but not disabled enough by the courts to be protected by the ADA from discrimination. What a contradictory position that would have been for Congress to take. Representative Hoyer, joined by all of the witnesses except Mr. Lorber, urged Congress to respond by passing H.R. 3195, the House companion, to amend the definition of ``disability.'' Mr. Lorber, appearing on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce, opposed H.R. 3195 as an overly broad response to court decisions that accurately reflected statutory language and congressional intent. Since the subcommittee's hearing, several changes have been made to the bill, which are reflected in the substitute that will likely be considered by the committee. The substitute, described section-by- section below, represents the consensus of the disability rights and business groups and is supported by, among others, the Chamber of Commerce. Importantly, Section 4 of the bill amends the definition of ``disability'' and provides standards for applying the amended definition. While retaining the requirement that a disability ``substantially limits'' a ``major'' life activity under prongs 1 and 2 of the definition of disability, section 4 redefines ``substantially limits'' as ``materially restricts'' to indicate a less stringent standard. Thus, while the limitation imposed by an impairment must be important, it need not rise to the level of preventing or severely restricting the performance of major life activities in order to qualify as a disability. Section 4 provides an illustrative list of life activities that should be considered ``major,'' and clarifies that an individual has been ``regarded as'' disabled and is entitled to protection under the ADA if discriminated against because of an impairment, whether or not the impairment limits the performance of any major life activities. Section 4 requires broad construction of the definition and prohibits consideration of mitigating measures (with the exception of ordinary glasses or contact lenses) in determining whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity. I support this bill, and I urge my colleagues to support it also.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H. Con. Res. 415, ``Celebrating 75 years of effective State-based alcohol regulation and recognizing State lawmakers, regulators, law enforcement officers, the public health community and industry members for creating a workable, legal, and successful system of alcoholic beverage regulation, distribution, and sale.'' H. Con. Res. 415 celebrates a remarkable time in American history. It is worthy to remember how far the United States Government has come since its inception. With the ratification of the 21st Amendment, primary authority was delegated to the individual States, establishing the State-based regulatory system for alcohol distribution we still use today. The regulatory system has allowed each State to adopt individual laws that fit the beliefs of its citizens and still remains effective and in place today. This State-based system created the safest and most responsible alcohol marketplace in the world. It not only protects consumers from tainted or counterfeit alcohol, but also provides transparency, accountability, and tremendous choice and value for American consumers for 75 years. In 1919, following the passage of the 18th amendment, which prohibited ``the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors,'' the United States experienced a dramatic increase in illegal activity including unsafe black market alcohol production, a growth in organized crime and increasing noncompliance with alcohol laws. By the end of the decade, Gangster Al Capone controlled all 10,000 speakeasies in Chicago and ruled the bootlegging business from Canada to Florida. Numerous other crimes, including theft and murder, were directly linked to criminal activities in Chicago and elsewhere in violation of prohibition. Many social problems have been attributed to the Prohibition era. A profitable and typically violent, black market for alcohol flourished during the Prohibition Era. Stronger liquor surged in popularity because its potency made it more profitable to smuggle. The cost of enforcing Prohibition was high, and the lack of tax revenues on alcohol (some $500 million annually nationwide) affected government coffers. The 21st amendment is significant because when repeal of Prohibition occurred in 1933, organized crime lost nearly all of its black market alcohol profits in most States because of competition with low-priced alcohol sales at legal liquor stores. The post-Prohibition period saw the introduction of the American lager style of beer, which dominates today, such as Anheuser-Busch's Budweiser and Coors Brewing Company. Alcohol has been and still is a part of the American tradition. In my great State of Texas there are 75 breweries and eight of them are located in the city of Houston. Let us celebrate the Cullen-Harrison Act which Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law in 1933, which once again, legalized the sale of 3.2 percent beer, signaling the beginning of the end of the 13-year ``failed experiment'' known as Prohibition.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I stand today in support of H. Con. Res. 61, ``Expressing the sense of the Congress that the United States flag flown over the United States Capitol should be lowered to half-mast one day each month in honor of the brave men and women from the United States who have lost their lives in military conflicts.'' The brave men and women who have sacrificed their lives to protect not only the lives of Americans but democracy around the world, warrant a day each month in which the Nation honors their service and sacrifice. More than 1 million brave men and women from the United States have died in military conflicts since the birth of our great Nation. It is the right of the American people to mourn the loss of the brave men and women who have given their lives for this country. All Americans must remember that our freedom has not come without sacrifice. The heroic men and women who have given the ultimate sacrifice, to protect our Nation and our freedom must be honored and recognized. As Gertrude Stein put it so eloquently, ``Silent gratitude isn't very much use to anyone.'' Paying tribute to the fearlessness and courageousness that the men and women from the United States have displayed throughout history, demonstrates the spirit of patriotism that is the foundation of our great country. H. Con. Res. 61 must be supported by the Members of Congress in order for us and all Americans to pay homage and show our respect for those extraordinary soldiers who are no longer with us, but whose legacies should live on. In honoring those who have fought for our country from the time of its conception would be a grand opportunity to show the men and women wearing the uniform today that their service is not in vain. It is an opportunity for America to demonstrate the magnitude of appreciation that we hold in our hearts for the service and bravery of all our veterans. A simple gesture can demonstrate the immeasurable amount of gratitude which emanates through us all. The State of Texas alone is home to approximately 1,707,365 veterans. H. Con. Res. 61 commemorates not only the valuable contribution of heroes past but to our present champions of freedom and democracy. I am reminded of something once said by author Melodie Beattie, ``Gratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos into order, confusion into clarity . . . it turns problems into gifts, failures into success, the unexpected into perfect timing, and mistakes into important events. Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today and creates a vision for tomorrow.''

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of of H.R. 3019, to expand and preserve home ownership through counseling, introduced by my colleague from Illinois, Representative Biggert. This important legislation will amend the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act to establish an Office of Housing Counseling which will conduct activities relating to homeownership and rental housing counseling.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of H.R. 1356, Celebrating the 221st anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the United States of America and honoring the efforts of the 42 delegates who attended the majority of the Constitutional Convention meetings and the 39 signers, introduced by my distinguished colleague Representative Garrett. This legislation acknowledges the significance of the ideals established by the Constitution, including the principle of a limited Federal Government with a system of checks and balances, and recognizes the Constitution as the source responsible for our Nation's ability to withstand calamity and preserve stability.

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas

Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Madam Speaker, I stand here today in support of H.R. 1432, ``Supporting the Goals and Ideals of National Adoption Day and National Adoption Month by Promoting National Awareness of Adoption and the Children in Foster Care Awaiting Families, Celebrating Children and Families Involved in Adoption, Recognizing Current Programs and Efforts Designed to Promote Adoption, and Encouraging People in the United States to Seek Improved Safety, Permanency, and Well-Being for All Children'' introduced by Congressman Porter. The fundamental purpose of adoption is to serve the best interests of children. It does so by providing loving, responsible, and legally permanent parents when their biological parents cannot or will not parent them. Serving the best interests of children should be paramount in deciding all issues of adoption policy and practice. Adoption is healthy, satisfying, and good for children, not an enduring challenge to identity and wholeness. The children may have additional questions and curiosities to sort out, but adoption is not a psychological burden or pathology as some theorists treat it. Adoption is the way one joined one's family, not a defining characteristic or lifelong process. Persons adopted as infants grow up as healthy and productive as people raised in their biological families. To the extent there can be a greater risk of emotional or behavioral problems for children adopted out of foster care at later ages, the correlation is not the result of being adopted, but rather of difficulties experienced prior to adoption, such as neglect or abuse. The vast majority of foster children make the transition into their adoptive families and grow up very successfully. Today, in the United States there are 500,000 children in the foster care system and of those children, there are 129,000 waiting for families to adopt them. The number of youth who ``age out'' of the foster care system by reaching adulthood without being placed in a permanent home has increased by more than 58 percent since 1998, as nearly 27,000 foster youth ``aged out'' of foster care during 2007 which is appalling and unacceptable. In addition, 3 in 10 people in the United States have considered adoption; a majority of them have misconceptions about the process of adopting children from foster care. Many Americans, approximately 45 percent believe that children enter the foster care system because of juvenile delinquency. The reality of the matter is that the vast majority of children in the foster care system were victims of neglect, abandonment, or abuse. Furthermore, almost half of the American population believes that foster care adoption is expensive and are not aware of the fact that there is no substantial cost for adopting children from foster care. Moreover, financial support in the form of an adoption assistance subsidy is available to adoptive families of eligible children adopted from foster care and continues after the adoption is finalized until the child is 18, so that income will not be a barrier to becoming a parent to a foster child who needs to belong to a family. Passing H.R. 1432 is essential for Congress to demonstrate their support for placing children in safe and positive family environments. The first National Adoption Day was in the year 2000; since then, 20,000 children have joined families during National Adoption Day, and in 2006, adoptions were finalized for over 3,300 children through more than 250 National Adoption Day events in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. We must continue to take stride to reach out and do our best to encourage safe, positive environment for the children of the United States. This resolution will enhance the support for successful adoptions and their support for National Adoption Month in November. When orphaned children are placed in a positive, encouraging, and permanent family environment, they are in a situation where they can grow and experience life in a non-threatening way. Adoption is something that benefits the entire Nation as our children are given places where they can feel secure. I firmly believe that we must pass this legislation to demonstrate our support for Adoption and National Adoption month. This legislation will enable us to promote healthy and safe adoptions and celebrate the successful adoptions that ensure the well-being of children.