Sheila Jackson Lee

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, veterans continue to have many unanswered needs, and I will continue to fight for their rights. The reason why it is important to move quickly on the extension in this bill is because in addition to the ability to assess one's benefits, it is, of course, recognizing the myriad of issues they face, such as homelessness. Mr. Speaker, I will conclude by saying, should we not focus on their service, their commitment, and realize that shutting down the government is not in any way an expression of gratitude to those men and women who serve us unselfishly? Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to support S. 2795, and for us to proceed in a way that honors this Nation. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of S. 2795, a bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to extend and modify certain authorities and requirements relating to the Department of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes. S. 2795, a bill passed by the Senate on September 13, 2023, is an important and necessary measure that I encourage all of my colleagues to vote in favor of today because it will serve as a critical and necessary source of support for our veterans by extending the eligibility or applicability of various Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) programs and benefits. First, the bill extends from three to five years the authority for additional licensed health care professionals (i.e., physician assistants, nurse practitioners, audiologists, and psychologists) to perform medical disability examinations as part of the existing VA pilot program related to the use of contract physicians for disability examinations. Currently, when an individual transfers fewer than 12 credits from a program of education that is closed or disapproved, the individual is deemed to have not received those credits, and no charge from the individual's entitlement to education assistance may be made for that period of enrollment. Under the bill, this period of relief for those affected by a closure or disapproval is extended by two years to apply to programs that close or discontinue before September 30, 2025. This bill also extends authorization for VA emergency preparedness for public health emergencies through FY2028. Additionally, the bill also extends the applicability of certain loan fee rates under the VA's home loan program through November 15, 2031. These proposed changes align with my longstanding support for veterans. Of the 18.5 million veterans in the United States, 1.5 million of them are from my own state of Texas. Several initiatives I have designed in the past have aided active- duty servicemen and women along with veterans, such as enforcing accurate reporting of maternity mortality rates among the Armed Forces, addressing physical and mental health concerns, and securing authorization for Triple Negative Breast Cancer as well as Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder. In 2015, I was also proud to introduce the H.E.R.O.E.S. Act which offers assistance and materials to help veteran's transition from the battlefield to the workforce. I am very proud of the work Congress has done to address the health concerns of active duty and veteran servicemen and women, but there are still improvements to be made. According to Texas State University researchers, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has found ``a lack of effective interventions persist for the veteran population from public agencies such as the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs VA) and private organizations.'' In other words, although programs and resources have been implemented to assist veterans, there is still work to be done, as the veteran community is still suffering. According to CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, ``the overall health of the average U.S. veteran is far worse than that of the average American, with veterans suffering more from such conditions as obesity, skin cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis, kidney disease and mental health disorders.'' Members of the armed forces are vital to our nation, and I am committed to ensuring that veterans receive the quality healthcare and other services that they deserve. We must be united in seeing that every soldier, sailor, airman, and marine is welcomed back with all the care and compassion this grateful nation can bestow. Our nation has a proud legacy of appreciation and commitment to the men and women who have worn the uniform in defense of this country. Veterans continue to have many unanswered needs, and I will continue to fight for the rights of our most patriotic Americans.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Massachusetts for yielding. Madam Speaker, let me announce breaking news. I don't want to see the government shut down. Democrats don't want to see the government shut down. The American people don't want to see the government shut down. I am standing with the American people and cities and hamlets and villages and counties and States. What has failed to be enunciated, I say to my friend on the other side, is that we had a deal. We should have been finished with this. The Speaker of the House and the President of the United States already agreed in the spring on what the numbers would be, what we were going to do for the government to keep operating. It has already been done. We are here now because of the upheaval of MAGA Republicans talking about undermining a deal that was made on behalf of the good people of this Nation. We are facing an uphill battle. We just came out of the Budget Committee where they are fighting to eliminate $400 million in Medicare cuts and $2 trillion in cuts to mandatory health spending. The reason why we are on the floor now is because we believe in the people back home. They can't afford another unfunded mandate. Cities are now carrying over their fund balances with Federal dollars that Democrats were able to give to keep them alive. If we have these unfunded mandates, childcare goes out the window; Active-Duty military have problems with getting paid, our veterans don't get their services; Social Security payments may be up in the air; the burden of having to pay money for unfunded mandates; the hanger-on amendments that are being put into these bills are just tragic. Law enforcement may be impacted negatively. Those who are in need of getting violent criminals off the street may be put in jeopardy. People who are working-class Americans going to community colleges are in jeopardy of getting their resources. Madam Speaker, let me just say this: No more unfunded mandates. Let's do the deal that we have and save the American people. Madam Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to the rule governing debate on these four appropriation bills before us today: H.R. 4365-- Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024; H.R. 4367--Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024; H.R. 4665--Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2024; and H.R. 4368--Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024. I oppose the Rule and the underlying legislation as it pertains to H.R. 4365, for the following reasons: The bill, which should be earnestly attempting to best support the Department of Defense, is being used by Republicans to sneak partisan and damaging policies under our noses. The underlying bill does not reflect the input of nearly half the Members of this body and is strongly opposed by the ranking members who sit on the very committee this bill originated from. In order to further promote a culture war, the members who oversaw this bill are going to put many Americans at risk. First, they are targeting the many brave servicewomen currently employed by the Department of Defense by directly going against the Secretary of Defense's promises for them to have access to reproductive healthcare regardless of their station. Women currently make up 1 in 5 members of our military. Denying them their previously promised ability to check their reproductive health is not only dangerous, but also grossly irresponsible. The loss of these rights also increases the risk for low retention amongst female servicemembers who need these benefits this bill would strip away. Second, the bill targets the LGBTQ+ community, who are increasingly victimized by Republican agendas around the country. Regardless of your beliefs, it is important to treat everyone with respect and equality, which this bill does not do. This bill would prohibit hormone therapy or surgical treatment for gender affirming care, directly affecting those who experience gender dysphoria. Individuals who feel they do not belong in their own body is a serious issue and has led to 1 in 5 transgender and nonbinary young people attempting suicide in the past year. Our priority as the legislative body of this country is to protect the wellbeing of ALL citizens, regardless of personal beliefs and ideologies. The language in this legislation would further embolden those who wish to commit harm and violence against a minority group already facing so much hardship, both socially and legally. This is unacceptable. The lives and wellbeing of those who live across the country should not be put at risk simply to push a regressive agenda that does not promote the diversity of our nation but rather seeks to suppress it. This brings me to my third point, which is the underhanded way Republicans sought to eliminate ``Critical Race Theory?'' or ``CRT''. Let me be clear: Republicans have a warped understanding of what this term means, and they are using it as a means to remove any diversity in education. Critical Race Theory is a collegiate field of study that examines the complex ways in which race fits into the structures of our society; it is not an attack on white people for their history, just as it does not victimize Black people based on ours. Based on an incorrect definition, Republican leaders at all levels of government have worked to eliminate all diverse viewpoints providing a complete framework of the history of this country, and instead wash over the negative to present a false narrative. At the same time, legislation aimed at elementary schools against a Critical Race Theory--which again, is only offered at the collegiate level--deprives diverse students of hearing their voice reflected accurately in the history of this multicultural nation. Another issue with this Defense Appropriations bill is the cut of $714 million to adapt military equipment to be more climate friendly. Climate change is a crisis that requires global attention and efforts. The refusal to even allow for updating our military alternative source of energy is regressive and promoted under a false message. It was not Biden who indicated that he wanted an ``all electric'' fleet of tanks as is commonly stated, but rather the United States Army. This part of the bill stands directly in the way of innovation as well as keeping us from doing our part in the world to strive towards a net zero future. In 2020 alone, the United States military was responsible for 51 million tons of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere; more than most countries. But now, when the U.S. Army decides for themselves that they want to scale back on their emissions, certain members in Congress want to limit their choice. One bright spot of this bill--though it is short-lived--is the Jackson Lee Amendment to H.R. 4365 that was made in order by the committee. The Jackson Lee amendment H.R. 4365 seeks to allocate $10 million to fund triple negative breast cancer research. This issue is extremely important, especially for the brave men and women in the military, who are up to 20 to 40 percent more likely to develop breast cancer. I must offer my appreciation to both the military and the Biden administration for making research into breast cancer a priority, but there is still work to be done. This amendment would allow for more research so we can one day hopefully learn a way to reduce the number of military personnel affected by breast cancer. Several initiatives I have designed in the past have aided active- duty servicemen and women along with veterans, such as enforcing accurate reporting of maternity mortality rates among the Armed Forces, addressing physical and mental health concerns, and securing authorization for Triple Negative Breast Cancer as well as Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder. I am very proud of the work that I and Congress has done to address the health concerns of active duty and veteran servicemen and women, but there are still improvements to be made. The men and women who are on the front lines or have already completed their valiant service to this country have many pressing issues and challenges they already must face; breast cancer should not be one of them. While this amendment is important, the negatives of this defense appropriations bill vastly outweigh the positives. As with all the additional appropriation bills on the floor today, the Administration likewise strongly opposes the passage of this bill for a myriad of reasons--including the following: Border Management Funding: It is disappointing this bill does not include funding for a new Southwest Border Contingency Fund. This fund would enable DHS to respond more effectively to changing conditions on the Southwest border and fulfill its critical and complementary missions of securing the border, performing efficient and effective screening and processing, and meeting the Nation's humanitarian obligations. Shelter and Services Program: It also shameful that this bill seeks to eliminate the Shelter and Services Program, a priority grant program for DHS that provides temporary food, shelter, and other services to state and local entities and non-governmental organizations that provide support to migrants who are released from DHS custody. This grant program is a key mechanism for Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to relieve overcrowding in short-term holding facilities. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Funding: This bill further fails to provide appropriations for USCIS application processing and grant programs. Without this funding, USCIS would be unable to improve its operations and the application processing backlog would continue to grow in FY 2024. Targeting Violence and Terrorism Prevention (TVFP) Grants: It is absolutely abhorrent that this bill eliminates the TVTP grant program. TVTP provides funding to nonprofits and to State, local, tribal, and territorial governments to develop multidisciplinary targeted violence and terrorism prevention capabilities in local communities, to pilot innovative prevention approaches, and to identify prevention best practices that can be replicated in communities across the Nation. Immigration Enforcement Prohibitions and Requirements: I also stand with the Administration in strongly opposing section 220 of the bill, which would prohibit U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) from using appropriated funds to carry out the Administration's immigration enforcement priorities, as well as the requirement in the bill for ICE to fill 41,500 detention beds and enroll all non-detained migrants in Alternatives to Detention. These requirements are unrealistic, pose implementation challenges, and would dilute the Department's focus on protecting America from security threats. Restrictions on Alternatives to Detention (ATD): This bill wrongfully eliminates funding for the Young Adult Case Management Program, as well as for Operation Horizon, and grant funds for a case management pilot program. These restrictions would simultaneously strain limited resources and remove valuable flexibilities in managing low-risk populations. Limiting Interior Transportation: Prohibiting the transport of noncitizens to interior locations risks overcrowding at border processing sites and other DHS facilities, threatening to exacerbate life and safety concerns of those in custody. Restrictions on Access to Healthcare: Section 222 of the bill is also particularly harmful, which would make it more difficult to access lawful reproductive healthcare. I stand in strong opposition to this section, which targets LGBTQI+ individuals who are in ICE detention. Prohibiting the Implementation of the Asylum Processing Rule: This bill further prohibits the use of funds to implement the Administration's Asylum Processing Rule--which serves as a key part of the Administration's efforts to streamline the immigration system, allowing USCIS Asylum Officers to hear and decide certain asylum claims in the first instance. Prohibiting the Implementation of the Legal Pathways Rule: I further oppose the bill's prohibition on using funds to implement the Administration's Circumvention of Lawful Pathways Rule. The Rule encourages migrants to use lawful, safe, and orderly processes for entering the United States; imposes conditions on asylum eligibility for those who fail to do so or fail to seek protection in a country through which they transit; and supports the swift return of migrants who do not have valid protection claims. The bill would undermine DHS's continued ability to safely, effectively, and humanely enforce and administer U.S. immigration law. Restricting the Use of the CBP One Application: I also strongly oppose the bill's restrictions on using the CBP One application. A key part of the Administration's efforts to foster fair and orderly conditions at the border, the CBP One application allows border officials to screen migrants seeking asylum along the Southwest border, and issue them a document to appear in court upon their arrival. Border Wall: Lastly, I oppose the homeland security appropration bill for its rescession and reappropriation of $2.1 billion in border wall funding. Building a border wall is not a serious policy solution nor is it a responsible use of Federal funds. While I am grateful the Rules Committee made my Jackson Lee Amendment No. 16/No. 43 in order, I strongly oppose this rule and the underlying bill. I will, however, briefly recap why my amendment is important for this particular measure should we be able to move forward with a feasible appropriations bill that can accommodate this amendment. The Jackson Lee Amendment increases funds by $1,000,000 and decreases funding by $1,000,000 for the Global Health Programs account to highlight and support the fight against the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. I have been a dedicated champion against this practice for a long while, working closely with former Congressman Joe Crowley of New York to introduce legislation targeted at supporting the elimination of this ludicrous practice of mutilating young women. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. This practice is rooted in gender inequality and is often linked to other elements of gender-based violence and discrimination, such as child marriage and recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of women and girls. Unfortunately, this means an estimated 200 million girls and women alive today have been victims of FGM/C, with girls 14 and younger representing 44 million of those who have been cut. For example, consider that around the world, at least five girls are mutilated/cut every hour and more than 3 million girls are estimated to be at risk of FGM/C, annually. The impacts of FGM/C on the physical health of women and girls can include bleeding, infection, obstetic fistula, complications during childbirth and death. Other significant barriers to combatting the practice of FGM/C include the high concentration in specific regions associated with several cultural traditions, that is not tied to any one religion. According to UNICEF, FGM/C is reported to occur in all parts of the world, but is most prevalent in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the commonality of this practice many migrants to the U.S. bring the practice of FGM/C with them, increasing the importance of combatting FGM/C abroad. Jackson Lee Amendment No. 16/No. 43 prioritizes funding for foreign assistance to combat Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), an internationally recognized violation of the human rights of girls and women comes to an end. Lastly, as it pertains to the bill to determine appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration, and related agencies for the 2024 fiscal year, I strongly oppose this rule and the underlying legislation. While I am again grateful the Rules committee made in order my Jackson Lee Amendment, listed as No. 18 in the Harris (MD)--En Bloc, this bill seeks to return America's agriculture back to 2006 funding levels--with an allocation of $17.1 billion, nearly $8 billion below last year's enacted bill. The Jackson Lee Amendment increases funding that provides grant research financial support for ``1890s Land Grant Universities,'' which are 28 Historically Black Colleges and Universities. This amendment also proposes decreasing funding for the Office of the Chief Information Officer. The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities' (APLU) Council of 1890s includes all Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) that are land-grant universities. Under the Morrill Act of 1890, at least 19 universities have been designated with land-grant status. The Historically Black Colleges and Universities--Excellence in Research HBCU-EiR program was established in response to direction provided in the Senate Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee Report (Senate Report 115-139). That initiative was built on prior and continuing efforts by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to strengthen research capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The Jackson Lee Amendment would provide sufficient funding and guidance to enable the NSF to be successful with the HBCU Excellence in Research program. This amendment would further provide opportunities for both public and private HBCUs, particularly for those who have not been successful in competing with larger NSF Research & Related Activities. Increasing Funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) agency that provides grant research would help to stimulate sustainable improvement in research and development capacities of HBCUs. By increasing funding for relevant agencies that provide appropriate financial support for these historically underserved institutions, we can ensure that federal funds are redirected toward more critical funding needs of the American people. However, the proposed underlying bill as is would mean a pull back on investment, slashing the number of loans awarded to financially distressed farmers. H.R. 4368 rescinds $500 million from the Renewable Energy for America Program (REAP), which helps farmers facing high input costs. Many provisions in this bill seek to limit access to viable programs and put many out of reach of energy efficient projects that help American farmers to lower their energy bills and live decent lives. For everyday rural Americans, the implementation of this bill would have a substantially negative impact on their daily livelihood. These communities rely on crucial infrastructure, from water and wastewater systems to high-speed internet. However, these infrastructure projects require huge upfront costs that smaller tax bases of rural communities cannot bear alone. H.R. 4368 would cut federal grants to community facilities by a whopping 90 percent, obstructing the progress in bringing affordable health care to underserved and rural communities, and it will cut rural water and waste disposal loans by 30 percent and rural waste disposal grants by 36 percent. All these senseless cuts to funding amount to 325 crucial projects for rural water and wastewater systems that simply will not have the funding to be implemented. This bill also seeks to eliminate funding for the Distressed Communities program, which means hundreds of small local governments will not be able to renovate their systems to meet EPA standards for getting arsenic and lead out of their drinking water systems. The cumulative and direct impact of these policies on the American people will be devastating. Thousands of American families could lose access to reliable sources of water, not knowing if they could turn on the spigot and get clean, safe water to drink or complete a myriad of other essential daily tasks. H.R. 4368 further limits funding for Rural Electric Cooperatives that help close the gaps in our power grid across the country. Over 900 rural electric cooperatives serve 42 million people across 48 states-- including 92 percent of persistent poverty counties--those who can least afford to build and maintain this crucial infrastructure. These Rural Electric Cooperatives play vital roles in ensuring that rural communities have access to affordable energy. Additionally, H.R. 438 will contribute to food insecurity in our country. The bill calls for new work requirements for SNAP recipients, which exacerbates the cycle of poverty--particularly in rural communities. We cannot deny the fact that SNAP recipients who are able to work, do work. However, even with a full-time job, many Americans, especially those in our rural communities, struggle to earn enough to escape poverty. This is not an issue of pulling oneself up by the bootstraps, but of limited job opportunities, cut-back work hours, and other extenuating factors. America cannot thrive if Americans are hungry, and this bill will take food out of the mouths of over 6 million Americans who will lose SNAP benefits due to the increased work requirements. If this bill passes, it will rescind $500 million dollars in WIC funding, underfunding the account for 2024 directly affecting nearly 5 million hungry women and children. H.R. 4368 will reduce levels for WIC fruit and vegetable vouchers by $1.2 billion--hurting both families and farmers. As a result, 4.6 million of our people would lose out on produce and our farmers would lose an expected $1.2 million dollars in revenue. Not only that, the nearly 30 percent cut to single family direct housing loans--from $1.25 billion in FY 2023 to $900 million in FY 2024--will make it harder for rural Americans to afford to buy a house. This means that over 2800 rural families will not be able to get financing to put a roof over their heads; our farmers, producers, and rural communities deserve a more reliable partner in our Congress. While it is without question that the USDA has a long and storied history of discrimination, Congress, however, has always been a steadfast partner and cornerstone of this country's agricultural industry. This appropriations bill, H.R. 4368, however, seeks to undermine enduring efforts of this Congress to ensure equal opportunity and access for every American. These appropriations should be a reliable means by which we help Americans from all walks of life; unfortunately, the Republican proposed bill before us today does not meet the moment. Too much is at stake--from the food we eat, to the medicine and medical devices on which we rely, and the fiber and materials that help clothe and build our country, and our national security. Americans deserve better. America cannot permit a child, a family, or a small business that has their potential to be limited, and opportunities curtailed simply because they are located in a Rural Free Delivery (RFD) zip code. This appropriations bill presented to us today takes food out of the mouths of hungry people, creates barriers for women who need access to medication, raises energy costs for rural Americans, and makes it harder for small farmers and poultry producers to meet their basic needs. We can do better. We are better than this. The American people deserve better. I cannot support this bill as it stands, and I urge all my colleagues to vote against this cruel proposal. For all these reasons, I strongly urge my colleagues to oppose the rule and the underlying legislation for all four appropriation bills.

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Madam Speaker, I just got off the telephone with one of my chief law enforcement officers in Houston, Texas, in Harris County, who just simply begged us not to shut down the government. As everyone knows, I was on the floor just an hour or so ago saying, breaking news, I am against a government shutdown. We will fight against the government shutdown. My good friend on the other side of the aisle is complaining that the Senate did their work with such an amazing, overwhelming majority. Let me tell you how we can solve that before I get into discussion of why we are standing here today. Put the Senate bill on the floor. That is the rules that are the operational underpinnings of the House and Senate. They send it over, and we put it on the floor. If you don't like it, you change it and send it back. That way, you are engaged in stopping the shutdown. However, if we sit here tonight and do nothing, the government shutdown, in particular, is going to impact the gross domestic product from 2 to 6 percentage points or $2- to $6 billion in lost output. That is people without jobs, resulting in the creation of 120,000 fewer private-sector jobs. In addition, things like Medicare and Medicaid are going to be in jeopardy. Our economic security will be in jeopardy. Education and training will be in jeopardy, infrastructure dollars; and, particularly, my seniors and others in need of Social Security checks are just going to be out in the cold. Combining, however, the bills that my friends want us to move on, they attack women's reproductive rights, they attack the LGBTQ+ community, who are continuously victimized for medical care that they need. They talk about Homeland Security, and it is completely untenable that they exclude funding for a new southwest border contingency fund that would enable DHS to respond more effectively to changing conditions on the southwest border. They cut out shelter and services programs. It is shameful to eliminate those programs that provide temporary food and shelter.

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Madam Speaker, in addition--can you believe it?-- they slash or eliminate the number of loans awarded to financially distressed farmers under the agriculture bill; and then targeting violence and terrorism prevention grants, they take that out. What are we talking about here? Let's deal with the CR from the Senate. You don't like it, add something to it, and send it back. Today is September 26. We will be able to say to the American people, we are adults, and we can stop the shutdown. Let's go to work. These bills have to go back to the table again. I want to make sure we don't have a shutdown, and we can do it with the Senate CR right now.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Chair, I thank the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Bishop) and Mr. Harris for working together. Every time I come to the floor, Mr. Chair, I am going to say that I do not want a government shutdown, having been through them and seen the desperation that comes upon the American people, and I will do everything I can that is within reason to make sure we do not have it. As I present this amendment and thank the committee for allowing this amendment to be included, I have to take note of the cuts in SNAP benefits, the funding cuts in rural electric cooperatives, and the shocking cuts in WIC. That is what I think has to be fixed, so the American people are aware. I am grateful that my amendment, the Jackson Lee amendment No. 18, increases funding that provides grant research and financial support for the 1890s land grant universities, which are 28 historically Black colleges and universities. This amendment would decrease funding in another account. The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities Council of 1890s includes all the historically Black colleges under the Morrill Act of 1890. At least 19 universities have been designated. The importance of this is how crucial it is to engage our universities in research and, in particular, the National Science Foundation. It strengthens the training of our young people. It provides them with the doors to opportunity. Research is the economy of the 21st century. Increasing funding for the United States Department of Agriculture that provides grant research would help to stimulate sustainable improvement in research and development. Mr. Chair, I ask my colleagues to support the Jackson Lee amendment that supports education and research in historically Black colleges. Mr. Chair, I rise to speak in support of the Jackson Lee Amendment, listed as No. 18 in Harris (MD)--EN BLOC No. 1 to H.R. 4368, the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Act of 2024. I want to thank my colleagues on the Rules Committee for making this amendment in order. The Jackson Lee Amendment [No. 18 in Harris (MD)--EN BLOC No. 1] increases funding that provides grant research financial support for ``1890s Land Grant Universities,'' which are 28 Historically Black Colleges and Universities. This amendment also proposes decreasing funding for Office of the Chief Information Officer. The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities' (APLU) Council of 1890s includes all Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) that are land-grant universities. Under the Morrill Act of 1890, at least 19 universities have been designated with land-grant status. The Historically Black Colleges and Universities--Excellence in Research HBCU-EiR program was established in response to direction provided in the Senate Commerce and Justice, Science and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee Report (Senate Report 115-139). That initiative was built on prior and continuing efforts by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to strengthen research capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The Jackson Lee Amendment [No. 18 in Harris (MD)--EN BLOC No. 1] would provide sufficient funding and guidance to enable the NSF to be successful with the HBCU Excellence in Research program. This amendment would further provide opportunities for both public and private HBCUs, particularly for those who have not been successful in competing with larger NSF Research & Related Activities. Increasing Funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) agency that provides grant research would help to stimulate sustainable improvement in research and development capacities of HBCUs. By increasing funding for relevant agencies that provide appropriate financial support for these historically underserved institutions, we can ensure that federal funds are redirected toward more critical funding needs of the American people. For these reasons, I urge my colleagues to vote in support of the Jackson Lee Amendment [No. 18 in Harris (MD)--EN BLOC No. 1].

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. I thank the gentlewoman for yielding. This is a question, Mr. Speaker, of readiness. That is what we believe in. That is what a Defense appropriations bill is. It is grounded in the readiness of the most powerful Armed Forces in the world. It is to ensure that they are ready. Unfortunately for the Defense appropriations, we are being forced to put this bill on the floor today by the majority. It is unbelievable that they would cut vital civilian positions when the department is struggling to meet its readiness goals. Civilians are a crucial part of ensuring that our men and women, our combat soldiers, are ready to serve around the world. These are hateful policies. They want to undermine and attack the LGBTQ+ community, who have served in valor. We know them well. They have served without question. They have worn the uniform without question. It is to stop a logistical provision that has nothing to do with abortion. It is to allow for that military person to receive reproductive medical services, which may come to be in many different facets; to ensure that someone is able to ensure the reproductive life that they may desire to have. How ludicrous is it in this emerging, wonderful, diverse Nation that many look to as a place and a bastion of freedom, that we would eliminate funding for diversity, equity, and inclusion; that we eliminate climate change to ensure that our vehicles are well equipped for the new generation; that we would not ensure, again, that our personnel, our families get the medical care that they desire? Mr. Speaker, what have we done in years past? We have provided Defense appropriations to be able to support our military. We now have a bill on the floor that is undermining our military. I am saddened by this. I am grateful for the Triple-Negative amendment that has been allowed to be in providing for breast cancer, and I look forward to that amendment. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to the rule governing House consideration of H.R. 4365, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2024. I oppose the rule, and the underlying legislation, for the following reasons: 1. The bill, which should be earnestly attempting to best support the Department of Defense, is being used by Republicans to sneak partisan and damaging policies under our noses. 2. The underlying bill does not reflect the input of nearly half the Members of this body and is strongly opposed by the ranking members who sit on the very committee this bill originated from. Mr. Speaker, in order to further promote a culture war, the Members who oversaw this bill are going to put many Americans at risk. First, they are targeting the many brave servicewomen currently employed by the Department of Defense by directly going against the Secretary of Defense's promises for them to have access to reproductive healthcare regardless of their station. Women currently make up one in five members of our military. Denying them their previously promised ability to check their reproductive health is not only dangerous, but also grossly irresponsible. The loss of these rights also increases the risk for low retention amongst female servicemembers who need these benefits this bill would strip away. Second, the bill targets the LGBTQ+ community, who are increasingly victimized by Republican agendas around the country. Regardless of your beliefs, it is important to treat everyone with respect and equality, which this bill does not do. This bill would prohibit hormone therapy or surgical treatment for gender affirming care, directly affecting those who experience gender dysphoria. Individuals who feel they do not belong in their own body is a serious issue and has led to one in five transgender and nonbinary young people attempting suicide in the past year. Our priority as the legislative body of this country is to protect the wellbeing of all citizens, regardless of personal beliefs and ideologies. The language in this legislation would further embolden those who wish to commit harm and violence against a minority group already facing so much hardship, both socially and legally. This is unacceptable. The lives and wellbeing of those who live across the country should not be put at risk simply to push a regressive agenda that does not promote the diversity of our Nation but rather seeks to suppress it. This brings me to my third point, which is the underhanded way the sponsors of the bill sought to eliminate Critical Race Theory. Let me be clear: Republicans have a warped understanding of what this term means, and they are using it as a means to remove any diversity in education. Critical Race Theory is a collegiate field of study that examines the complex ways in which race fits into the structures of our society. Critical Race Theory is not an attack on white people for their history, just as it does not victimize Black people based on ours. Based on an incorrect definition, Republican leaders at all levels of government have worked to eliminate all diverse viewpoints providing a complete framework of the history of this country, and instead wash over the negative to present a false narrative. At the same time, legislation aimed at elementary schools against Critical Race Theory--which again, is only offered at the collegiate level--deprives diverse students of hearing their voice reflected accurately in the history of this multicultural Nation. Another issue with this bill is the cut of $714 million to adapt military equipment to be more climate friendly. Climate change is a crisis that requires global attention and efforts. The refusal to even allow for updating our military alternative source of energy is regressive and promoted under a false message. It was not Biden who indicated that he wanted an ``all electric'' fleet of tanks as is commonly stated, but rather the United States Army. This part of the bill stands directly in the way of innovation as well as keeping us from doing our part in the world to strive towards a net zero future. In 2020 alone, the United States military was responsible for 51 million tons of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere; more than most countries. But now, when the U.S. Army decides for themselves that they want to scale back on their emissions, certain Members in Congress want to limit their choice. One bright spot of this bill--though it is short-lived--is the Jackson Lee amendment #233 that was made in order by the committee. The Jackson Lee amendment #233 seeks to allocate $10 million to fund triple negative breast cancer research. This issue is extremely important, especially for the brave men and women in the military, who are up to 20-40% more likely to develop breast cancer. I must offer my appreciation to both the military and the Biden administration for making research into breast cancer a priority, but there is still work to be done. This amendment would allow for more research so we can one day hopefully learn a way to reduce the number of military personnel affected by breast cancer. Several initiatives I have designed in the past have aided active- duty service-men and -women along with veterans, such as enforcing accurate reporting of maternity mortality rates among the Armed Forces, addressing physical and mental health concerns, and securing authorization for triple negative breast cancer as well as post- traumatic stress disorder. I am very proud of the work that Congress and I have done to address the health concerns of active-duty and veteran service-men and -women, but there are still improvements to be made. The men and women who are on the front lines or have already completed their valiant service to this country have many pressing issues and challenges they already must face; breast cancer should not be one of them. While this amendment is important, the negatives of this bill vastly outweigh the positives. I strongly urge my colleagues to oppose this bill.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 3981, the Isakson-Roe Education Oversight Expansion Act of 2023. Members of the armed forces are important to our nation, and we show them our appreciation by taking care of them after they have completed their service by legislation such as H.R. 3981. Many of our nation's veterans have earned federal support to help pay for college, graduate school, and training programs through their GI Bill education benefits. They can even transfer unused benefits to family members and do so in many cases. Unfortunately, some predatory programs have exploited veterans by aggressively attracting them and their GI beneits to fraudulent, falsified, or substandard programs. The comprehensive Isakson-Roe Education Oversight Expansion Act would seek to rein in these abuses by increasing the Department of Veterans Affairs oversight capacity. Additionally, it would look to restore benefits to defrauded veterans, and improve oversight, faster accountability, and most of all, help our veterans access the quality education they have earned. Similarly, H.R. 3981 would require educational institutions that offer certain courses to people who are eligible for educational bene6ts administered by the VA. Reportable events would include punitive actions by state or federal agencies, heightened monitoring of federal student aid, and the potential loss of accreditation. Institutions that fail to report those events would become ineligible to receive benefit payments from the VA. Unfortunately, our nation's recognition of those who served in subsequent conflicts has been less than adequate. We have, in recent decades, too often failed to overcome our political differences to recognize the truly remarkable achievements of our courageous veterans. We must be united in seeing that every soldier, sailor, airman, and marine in welcoming them back with all the care and compassion this grateful nation can bestow. Our nation has a proud legacy of appreciation and commitment to the men and women who have worn the uniform in defense of this country. Veterans continue to have many unanswered needs, and I will continue to fight for the rights of our most patriotic Americans.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise as a strong supporter of H.R. 1530, the Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2023, which, among other things, would amend title 38 of the United States Code to improve the requirement to publish disability benefit questionnaire forms of Department of Veterans Affairs. Veterans are some of America's most valued members of society. These are people who served our nation in a time of need, people who risked their lives to protect our country. Yet, it pains me to say that many of these same veterans who fought so bravely and risked so much in lands abroad have come back to their nation and have limited access to veterans' outreach programs, particularly in areas with large concentration of veterans. There are approximately 18.5 million veterans in the United States. Of those veterans, 1.5 million reside in Texas--the largest veteran population of any state. This legislation is necessary because veterans have special needs that are unique from those faced by the rest of the population. In 2015, I was proud to introduce the H.E.R.O.E.S. Act, which offers assistance and materials to help veterans transition from the battlefield to the workplace. The Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2023 is a step closer towards building a smooth transition for our nation's heroes. H.R. 1530 helps to address the shortcomings in veteran assistance by increasing and extending assistance programs as well as scholarships through the Department of Veterans Affairs. The Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2023 holds the Secretary of Veterans Affairs responsible to improve its support of veterans through outreach; reimbursement for medical disability-related travel; professional development activities; and access to Board of Veterans' Appeals telehearings. This comprehensive program is needed if we are to fight this scourge that is a blight upon our nation. Our nation's veterans did not risk their lives abroad so that they could come home and not receive the support and benefits they so desperately need. We must all have outrage that so many of our nation's veterans live without critical support services; we must continue to proactively find ways to correct this injustice.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 663, the Native American Child Protection Act. This bill reauthorizes through FY2028 and otherwise revises certain programs related to the prevention, investigation, treatment, and prosecution of family violence, child abuse, and child neglect involving Indian children and families. Specifically, the bill revises the Indian Child Abuse Treatment Grant Program to encourage the use of grants for culturally appropriate treatment services and programs. The bill renames the Indian Child Resource and Family Services Centers as the National Indian Child Resource and Family Services Center. It also requires the center to: (1) provide advice, technical assistance, and training to urban Indian organizations; (2) develop certain technical assistance materials for Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and urban Indian organizations; And (3) develop model intergovernmental agreements between tribes and states to prevent, investigate, treat, and prosecute incidents of family violence, child abuse, and child neglect involving Indian children and families. Additionally, the bill revises the Indian Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention Program to allow Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and intertribal consortia to use program funds for additional activities, such as operational costs for child protective services. American Indian and Alaska Native children who experience child maltreatment or family violence often have few opportunities to find accessible, culturally appropriate services to help them address the trauma from these events. Furthermore, prevention funding is almost non-existent for this population, removing opportunities to prevent trauma before it happens and avoid families and children slipping into crisis. The federal government has a solemn responsibility to ensure that the most vulnerable members of Indigenous communities--children--are protected. According to the American Indian Center of Houston, there are over 60,000 Native Americans in the Houston area. Additionally, there are around 137,000 Native Americans in Texas and around 2.6 million Native Americans in the U.S. This is a significant number of people, not only in my community but the whole nation, that deserve protection. Guarding against crimes committed against our Native communities should always be one of our highest priorities, and this bill is a strong step in the right direction.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, the strength of America is in her workers, and today I rise on the floor of the House to stand with the UAW workers around the Nation and those that are striking now in the Midwest. There are UAW workers in Texas, and I stand with them. Can we at least understand that the value of what these workers are advocating for are American values: health benefits; the ability to have a permanent job; the ability to have compensation; to be able to buy and keep a house, or to provide for your family, or to buy a car that you make. This is a crisis that does not have to be. I ask and encourage the Big Three, the automakers, to sit with the UAW workers and resolve this the American way, and that is with fairness and justice and equality for all. UAW is fighting for American workers. American workers over the decades and centuries have helped build this Nation. Let us not continue a strike that does not respond to the basic human needs of the UAW workers. Again, I stand with the workers. I look forward to a reasoned and responsible resolve of all of this.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to speak on H.R. 589, the Mahsa Amini Human Rights Security Accountability (MAHSA) Act. This bill would require the President of the United States to impose property- and visa-blocking sanctions on certain individuals and entities affiliated with Iran. Additionally, this bill would impose requirements that the President periodically make determinations about whether certain existing sanctions apply to specified persons and impose the applicable sanctions, including determinations concerning: (1) the Supreme Leader of Iran and any official in the Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran; (2) the President of Iran and any official in the Office of the President of Iran; and (3) any entity overseen by the Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran which is complicit in supporting human rights abuses or terrorism. Iran currently faces widespread unrest because of various human rights violations. In 2022, security forces killed more than 500 persons, including at least 69 children, and arrested more than 19,000 protesters, including children, according to the nongovernmental organization Human Rights Activists News Agency. Some of those arrested faced the death penalty, including children. The government also routinely disrupted access to the internet and communications applications to prevent the free flow of information and to attempt to interrupt or diminish participation in protests. Iran and its people deserve peace. This bill has been built on positive intentions that seek to solve an important and pressing issue.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 3152, the Fight CRIME Act. This bill looks to impose sanctions with respect to countries, individuals, and entities that engage in any effort to acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer, or deploy Iranian missiles and related goods and technology. For years, the Government of Iran has proven to be erratic and unpredictable. With thousands of people being arbitrarily detained or unfairly prosecuted solely for peacefully exercising their human rights. Women, people of the LGBTQ+ community, and people of ethnic and religious minority suffer intensified discrimination and violence in Iran. We must impose visa- and property-blocking sanctions on foreign persons that are knowingly involved with Iran or Iran-aligned entities in certain missile-related activities. This involves the acquiring, possessing, developing, transporting, transferring, or deploying missiles or related items and technology that are covered by the Missile Technology Control Regime, or developing missile or drone technologies. We must also impose sanctions on certain adult family members of those who are subject to the sanctions previously mentioned. Foreign persons who knowingly provide significant support to or engage in a significant transaction with those are also subject to the sanctions previously mentioned. The bill also requires the Department of State to report to Congress on various topics, including a diplomatic strategy to renew international restrictions on certain missile-related activities. The Government of Iran brought this upon themselves. The many accounts of enforced disappearances, torture and other ill- treatment are just some of many atrocities committed by the Iranian Government. Similarly, the usage of the death penalty increased, and public executions resumed. The people of Iran are tired of the regime forcing its unjust will on them. In 2022 alone, more than 500 people were killed by the violent crackdown on protesting in Iran. Additionally, more than 14,000 people were arrested, including protesters, journalists, lawyers, activists, artists, and athletes who voiced support for the freedom movement. There are countless more stories and recollections as to why the Government of Iran should face these sanctions. I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting H.R. 3152, the Fight and Combat Rampant Iranian Missile Exports Act, and the limiting of the Iranian Government.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to speak on H.R. 589, the Mahsa Amini Human Rights Security Accountability (MAHSA) Act. This bill would require the President of the United States to impose property- and visa- blocking sanctions on certain individuals and entities affiliated with Iran. Additionally, this bill would impose requirements that the President periodically make determinations about whether certain existing sanctions apply to specified persons and impose the applicable sanctions, including determinations concerning: (1) the Supreme Leader of Iran and any official in the Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran; (2) the President of Iran and any official in the Office of the President of Iran; and (3) any entity overseen by the Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran which is complicit in supporting human rights abuses or terrorism. Iran currently faces widespread unrest because of various human rights violations. In 2022, security forces killed more than 500 persons, including at least 69 children, and arrested more than 19,000 protesters, including children, according to the nongovernmental organization Human Rights Activists News Agency. Some of those arrested faced the death penalty, including children. The government also routinely disrupted access to the internet and communications applications to prevent the free flow of information and to attempt to interrupt or diminish participation in protests. Although the human rights violations in Iran are unacceptable and certainly condemnable and actionable in response, to address this matter in the manner set forth by this bill is concerning. First, this bill and its text targets the Iran government itself, not individuals in the government. Because of this, this bill would essentially remain in effect indefinitely, regardless of a change in leadership and political or social agenda.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H. Res. 492-- ``Condemning the Government of Iran's state-sponsored persecution of the Baha'i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights.'' Since 1979, Iranian authorities have killed or executed more than 200 Baha'i leaders, and more than 10,000 Baha'is have been dismissed from government and university jobs. June 18, 2023, marks the 40th anniversary of the execution of 10 Baha'i women by the Iranian Government each witnessing the hanging of those hanged before her in a final failed attempt to induce abandonment of their faith after over 6 months of imprisonment and violent abuse, with the youngest only 17 years old. In the previous years, the Congress has declared that it deplored the religious persecution by the Government of Iran of the Baha'i community and would hold the Government of Iran responsible for upholding the rights of all Iranian nationals, including members of the Baha'i faith. On December 15, 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution (A/C.3/77/L.34) criticizing Iran for human rights abuses and calling on Iran to carry out wide-ranging reforms, including: End its continuing disregard for protections under Iranian law or internationally recognized safeguards relating to the imposition of the death penalty and to commute the sentences for child offenders on death row. Ensure, in law and in practice, that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment and eliminate in law and in practice, all forms of systemic discrimination and other human rights. Cease the widespread and systematic use of arbitrary arrests and detention and releasing persons detained for the exercise of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. Through June and July 2022, there had been a surge in persecution of Baha'is including the subjection of over 100 Baha'is to arrests, arraignments, sentencings, and raids on their homes and businesses across Iran, as well as the sentencing of 26 individuals in the city of Shiraz to a combined total of 85 years in prison. In response the Department of State's Office of International Religious Freedom issued a statement on August 2, 2022, indicating that ``[a]mid a continued rise in arrests, sentences, and imprisonments, the U.S. urges Iran to halt its ongoing oppression of the Baha'i community and honor its international obligations to respect the right of all Iranians to freedom of religion or belief''. The Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-158) amends and expands the authorities established under the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-195) to sanction Iranian human rights abusers. Resolved as follows: Therefore, be it resolved that the House of Representatives, condemns the Government of Iran's state-sponsored persecution of the Baha'i minority in Iran and the continued violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Calls on the Iranian government to immediately release the imprisoned or detained Baha'is and all other prisoners held solely on account of their religion. Calls on the Iranian Government to end its state-sponsored campaign of hate propaganda against the Baha'is and to reverse the state- imposed policies denying Baha'is and members of other religious minorities equal opportunities to higher education, earning a livelihood, due process under the law, and the free exercise of religious practices. Calls on the President of the United States and the Secretary of State, in cooperation with responsible nations, to immediately condemn the Government of Iran's continued violation of human rights, and demand the immediate release of prisoners held solely on account of their religion; and urges the President and the Secretary of State to utilize available authorities to impose sanctions on officials of the Government of Iran and other individuals directly responsible for serious human rights abuses, including abuses against the Baha'i community of Iran. H. Res. 492, is an important bill supporting Congress' longstanding position condemning such atrocities against religious minorities. I, therefore, urge all members to support this important legislation and reenforce this longstanding objection and condemnation to these horrific atrocities and inhumanity.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to discuss H.R. 1567, which will require the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior to submit accurate reports regarding hazardous fuels reduction activity. Hazardous fuels reduction activity is an important effort to curb wildfires. Some sources state that wildfires cost the United States upwards of $3 billion in damage from 2022 to 2023 and have destroyed 616,486 acres across the United States since January of this year. In the State of Texas alone, three quarters of the state have been issued a wildfire declaration. In the city of Houston, wildfires have damaged the air quality and burned through several homes, negatively affecting many civilians' lives. Due to both the environmental and economic havoc that wildfires present, it is important that we have accurate reporting to best prepare for these disasters. This bill is important because it monitors the risk elimination solutions for wildfires in an accurate and dependable manner while also allowing oversight of the USDA and the Interior. This bill is a first step to accurately determine effective methods to reduce the risk of wildfire and because of this I ask my colleagues to support this bill.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I am here today to extend my deepest appreciation and profound gratitude to the extraordinary legislative fellows who have graced my office with their unwavering dedication and unyielding commitment. Members of Congress know well, perhaps better than most, how blessed our Nation is to have in reserve such exceptional young men and women who will go on to become leaders in their local communities, states and the Nation in the areas of business, education, law, government, philanthropy, the arts and culture, and the military. We know this because we see them and the benefits from their contributions every day. Many of them work for us in our offices as junior staff members, congressional fellows, or interns and they do amazing work for and on behalf of the constituents we are privileged to represent. Mr. Speaker, I believe there is no higher calling than the call to serve a cause larger than ourselves. That is why I ran for public office. I was inspired to serve by so many great public figures that came before me. I was inspired to serve by President Kennedy who said, ``Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country,'' and by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who said: ``Everybody can be great because anybody can serve. . . . You only need a heart full of grace. A soul generated by love.'' By this measure there are several other great young men and women who served as legislative fellows this Spring and Summer in my office. Each day, they exemplified the highest standards of excellence, bringing forth fresh perspectives, innovative ideas, and an unrelenting drive to effect positive change within our cherished community. Their tireless efforts to address the diverse needs and pressing concerns of our constituents resonate deeply with the values we hold dear. In the pursuit of serving the constituents of the 18th Congressional District of Texas, their contributions have been nothing short of remarkable. That is why today I rise to pay tribute to 14 extraordinary young persons for their service to my constituents of the 18th Congressional District of Texas and to the American people. They are: Panashe Siachitema, Texas Tech University; Ramanpreet Kaur, Indiana University; Amy Arceo, Texas A&M University; Ainsley Gill, Vanderbilt University; Joel Crawford, Harvard University; Kevin Darmadi, George Washington University; Lindsey O'Neal, Payne International Development Fellowship, Niyonsaba Magnifique, Payne International Development Fellowship; Vanessa Rogers-Wright, Charles B. Rangel Internatinal Affairs Program; Wilson Pemboh, Texas Tech University; Alexandra Wilhelm, Pepperdine University; Parker Milligan, Oglethorpe University; J Hardy, Howard University; Carrington Blair, Jackson State University. Mr. Speaker, the energy, intelligence and idealism that these wonderful young people brought to my office and those interning in the offices of my colleague's help keep our democracy vibrant. The insights, skills, and knowledge of the governmental process they gain from their experiences will last a lifetime and prove invaluable to them as they go about making their mark in this world. Because of people like them the future of our country is bright, and its best days lie ahead. I wish them all well.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I am here today to extend my deepest appreciation and profound gratitude to the extraordinary legislative fellows who have graced my office with their unwavering dedication and unyielding commitment. Members of Congress know well, perhaps better than most, how blessed our Nation is to have in reserve such exceptional young men and women who will go on to become leaders in their local communities, states and the Nation in the areas of business, education, law, government, philanthropy, the arts and culture, and the military. We know this because we see them and the benefits from their contributions everyday. Many of them work for us in our offices as junior staff members, congressional fellows, or interns and they do amazing work for and on behalf of the constituents we are privileged to represent. Mr. Speaker, I believe there in no higher calling than the call to serve a cause larger than ourselves. That is why I ran for public office. I was inspired to serve by so many great public figures that came before me. I was inspired to serve by President Kennedy who said,'' Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country,'' and by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who said: ``Everybody can be great because anybody can serve. . . . You only need a heart full of grace. A soul generated by love.'' By this measure there are several other great young men and women who served as legislative fellows this Spring and Summer in my office. Each day, they exemplified the highest standards of excellence, bringing forth fresh perspectives, innovative ideas, and an unrelenting drive to effect positive change within our cherished community. Their tireless efforts to address the diverse needs and pressing concerns of our constituents resonate deeply with the values we hold dear. In the pursuit of serving the constituents of the 18th Congressional District of Texas, their contributions have been nothing short of remarkable. That is why today I rise to pay tribute to fourteen extraordinary young persons for their service to my constituents of the 18th Congressional District of Texas and to the American people. They are: Panashe Siachitema, Texas Tech University Ramanpreet Kaur, Indiana University Amy Arceo, Texas A&M University Ainsley Gill, Vanderbilt University Joel Crawford, Harvard University Kevin Darmadi, Geroge Washington University Lindsey O'Neal, Payne International Development Fellowship Niyonsaba Magnifique, Payne International Development Fellowship Vanessa Rogers-Wright, Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program Wilson Pemboh, Texas Tech University Alexandra Wilhelm, Pepperdine University Parker Milligan, Oglethorpe University J Hardy, Howard University Carrington Blair, Jackson State University Mr. Speaker, the energy, intelligence and idealism that these wonderful young people brought to my office and those interning in the offices of my colleagues help keep our democracy vibrant. The insights, skills, and knowledge of the governmental process they gain from their experiences will last a lifetime and prove invaluable to them as they go about making their mark in this world. Because of people like them the future of our country is bright, and its best days lie ahead. I wish them all well.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, as a senior member of the Congressional Black Caucus, I must shed light on the growing public safety concern regarding gun violence. In 2022, firearm injury was the 12th leading cause of death in the United States of America. Every day, 120 Americans are killed with guns. And each year, hundreds of law enforcement officers lose their lives to gun violence, having been shot to death while protecting their communities. Our government's continued lack of proactivity towards preventing gun violence has led to countless, unnecessary deaths. Countless lives have been cut far too short, and countless families have had to experience the excruciating pain of knowing their loved one will never make it back home. And although gun violence affects us all, I would like to highlight the disproportionate effect of gun violence on Black communities. Black Americans are 10 times more likely than white Americans to die by gun homicide. Black Americans are three times more likely than white Americans to be fatally shot by police. And while Black Americans made up 12.5 percent of the United States population in 2020, they were the victims in 61 percent of all gun homicides. According to the American Progress, ``this is due to a combination of weak gun laws; systemic racial inequities, including unequal access to safe housing and adequate educational and employment opportunities; and a history of disinvestment in public infrastructure and services in the communities of color most affected by gun violence.'' Discriminatory and unjust policies and practices such as slavery and Jim Crow are the reason that Black communities are still struggling to overcome the inequities in our society today. Time and time again our country has forced Black Americans to pay the price for its sins, causing countless lives to be lost in the process. Instead of acknowledging this public safety concern, our government continues to choose to remain ignorant, crafting a narrative of a war on the Second Amendment. So, allow me to be clear: I support the Second Amendment. But I will not sit idly by and hear the abuse of the far right's interpretation of the Second Amendment. In June 2022, the Supreme Court took a radical step when it ruled in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. V. Bruen that the right to carry a weapon or self-defense extends to outside the home. In this case, plaintiffs challenged the 100-year old New York state handgun licensing law requiring individuals to show proper cause before they can be licensed to carry a concealed weapon in public. The Court ultimately ruled New York's concealed carry law unconstitutional, extending the right to own a gun for self-defense in the home to exist outside the home as well. This decision altered the well-established test for evaluating gun safety laws and threatens the lives of millions around the country. The Court's decision sheds light to a growing misinterpretation of the Second Amendment. As both a legislature and a legal scholar, I must point out that the Second Amendment is not absolute. No where in the Second Amendment does it prohibit regulating guns. How dare we sit by when lives are being lost and act as though there is nothing we can do? Is there no sense of responsibility to provide restrictions to save lives? Our role in Congress is to ensure that we utilize every tool available to us to keep our cities safe. We need to reimagine public safety by holding law enforcement officers who violate the public trust accountable, using public health resources to address mental health crises, and ensuring all communities are not overpoliced, well-resourced with access to job opportunities, affordable childcare, and capable social services to improve the quality of life. We need to increase the use of civilian responders deployed to incidents involving mental health concerns and disturbances or disputes. We need to strengthen governmental agencies dedicated to violence intervention and neighborhood safety. We need to pass legislation such as H.R. 52, the Kimberly Vaughn Firearm Safe Storage Act, a bill I introduced which establishes best practices for safe firearm storage to protect Americans, especially children, from improperly stored or misused firearms. We need to pass legislation, such as H.R. 48 the Gun Violence Reduction Resources Act of 2023, which will work to hire additional Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosive agents and investigators to enforce gun laws. We need to focus on mental health and pass legislation such as H.R. 46 the Mental Health Access and Gun Violence Prevention Act, which will authorize funding to increase access to mental health care treatment to reduce gun violence. These bills are particularly important as it pertains to mental health given the following facts: Suicide is the leading cause of gun related deaths in America. More than 60 percent of deaths by guns in the country are the result of individuals using these weapons as a means to commit suicide. Approximately 1 in 4 American adults have a mental illness and nearly half of all adults in America will develop at least one mental illness during their lifetime. Less than half of children and adults with diagnosable mental health problems receive the treatment they need. Gun violence is a nonpartisan issue with bipartisan solutions. We act as though our hands are tied behind our back, despite the countless options at our disposal. I join my CBC colleagues in advancing common-sense bills that work to prevent gun violence. Protecting our communities and protecting our families need to be priority.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to speak in opposition to S.J. Res. 9, a resolution that provides for congressional disapproval to legislatively de-list the lesser prairie-chicken from protection under the Endangered Species Act. Specifically, this bill calls on Congress to disapprove the rules submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to protections for endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. The population and habitat of the lesser prairie-chicken, an endangered southwestern prairie grouse, is under growing threat. Originally numbering in the millions, the population of this bird has decreased by as much as 97 percent and it now only inhabits 16 percent of its former habitat. Aerial survey results from 2012 through 2022 estimate a five-year average lesser prairie-chicken population of 32,210 across the five- state region in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, as well as my state of Texas. The conversion of natural grasslands to agriculture, energy development, fire suppression, drought, and the use of herbicides to kill Shinnery Oak habitat are all ongoing challenges that cause habitat loss and fragmentation. Additional harm is caused to these birds' habitats by fencing, power wires, and other tall structures that entice perching by predatory animals. The lesser prairie-chicken is a sign of healthy prairies and grasslands because it requires huge, undamaged natural grassland parcels to support self-sustaining populations. This makes them a crucial indicator of the general wellbeing of America's grasslands, a treasured and iconic terrain. It is essential that we work together to uphold the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which is responsible for the recovery of iconic species like the Bald Eagle. I urge my colleagues to support science-based decisions and join me in opposing this bill, S.J. Res. 9.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to speak in opposition to S.J. Res. 24, which relates to the endangered species status of the Northern Long-Eared Bat. S.J. Res. 24 is a resolution of congressional disapproval to legislatively down-list the Northern Long-Eared Bat from ``endangered'' to ``threatened.'' Not only would this downgrade the Northern Long-Eared Bat's status today, but it would effectively block the species from being moved up to a higher endangered threat level, no matter how close the species comes to extinction. It would be irresponsible to use extreme legislation, not science, to down-list the Northern Long-Eared Bat, thereby effectively scaling back its protections under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Without ESA protections, states, industries, and other entities will have little incentive to conserve or recover the Northern Long-Eared Bat. It is highly likely that the bat populations would dwindle further toward extinction. Moreover, by using the Congressional Review Act Process, this Congress is effectively limiting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from making similar future listings for this bat species. This proposition would prevent the agency from using its discretion to take the necessary measures for species conservation and will impede long-term recovery efforts. Ultimately, Congressional action in this regard gives industries, not science, the upper hand in species listings. It is clear that some of my colleagues are doing the bidding of the timber and agriculture industries, despite the consequences that Northern Long-Eared Bat extinction could have on biodiversity and long- term agriculture and timber industry practices. Down-listing this species would be especially dangerous in the current moment because the Northern Long-Eared Bat population is actively under threat from white nose syndrome, a deadly fungus that has caused a rapid decline in bat populations. The Northern Long-Eared Bat's current endangered status provides adequate protections while wildlife scientists work to address the underlying causes of white-nose syndrome. Congress should not be interfering with the work of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under its Endangered Species Act authority. Species populations are constantly fluctuating based on environmental factors, invasive species, climate change, and other emerging threats. To remain up to date, the ESA requires periodic study and updates to ensure protections align with the best available science. By blocking future up-listing decisions, using the Congressional Review Act undercuts the ESA's inherent flexibility and agencies' science-based decision-making for species conservation. I urge my colleagues to support science-based decisions for endangered and threatened species and oppose this bill.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, the beauty and wonderment of this Nation is that every single person born in this country has the privilege of living under the flag of the United States of America. Today, I rise to reinforce our love of country, our love of our soldiers and our veterans, but also our love of justice. I am introducing today the Chyna Gibson stop transgender murder epidemic act of 2023 to respect those who are different. This particular bill will provide a commission to understand why so many women or so many trans have been killed over the last decade. It will establish a commission to study and develop proposals to combat the epidemic of the murdering of nonconforming gender expansive and transgender women of color. The duties of the commission shall be to document and research issues regarding gender nonconforming, gender expansive, transgender women of color face, including, but not limited to, limited access to healthcare and limited access to housing. I simply want to say, Mr. Speaker, that we live in this beautiful country. I want this commission to tell us the truth and to protect people who deserve to be protected and to live their lives.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Colorado for his leadership, and the manager of our friends on the other side of the aisle. The United States military, each and every soldier, each and every member of every single branch, take an oath when they leave their loved ones and accept the responsibility of dying for this country. If you have been able to fight on a battlefield and become a veteran, you still have taken that oath and you were willing to die for this country. With the enormous cuts that are facing our soldiers, our families in this military construction legislation, let me make it plain for my colleagues. They will deny those who take an oath, Active Duty, their families, job opportunities. They will deny them housing. Has anyone been to bases and seen some of the military housing that needs absolute either rebuild or rehab? Have you understood the importance of food assistance, particularly to veterans' families depending on that? Do they know how important it is for the soldiers to feed their families, to keep roofs over their heads? Do they know how important it is to provide education and training opportunities for those who leave the United States military? Let me remind you of the importance of their oath, and then let me remind you of the hard-earned work that this Congress did with President Biden to provide the PACT Act. The proposed cuts would have drastic consequences for the PACT Act. That is the bill that recognizes the toxicity that our brave men and women were in while they were fighting battles. That exposure fund could lead to slashing the medical care resources in the fund by 86 percent and fully abandoning the toxic exposure fund next year. Are we defaulting on our commitment to those who took the oath to die for this Nation? I think that is worthy of shame. Cities will be vulnerable when their veterans do not have the resources that are necessary for them to have.

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, can you imagine the burden on local cities? Our veterans are homeless. Our veterans are suffering, many times from PTSD, and if we do not have the kind of support services for them that this legislation provides, where are we in terms of the kind of housing and other assistance that they may need? I just simply ask my friends on the other side of the aisle, we stand here on the floor, I am fighting for the cities and the States that receive these dollars ultimately, because that is where the people are. I do want to oppose the bills that are endangering our endangered species, S.J. Res. 9 and H.R. 4366. I oppose endangering our endangered species. Mr. Speaker, I rise to speak in opposition to H.R. 4366, Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024. This is a bill that appropriates funding for our military, the Department of Veteran Affairs, and other related agencies for fiscal year 2024. I strongly oppose this bill's realignment of military construction funding from priority projects to other less relevant projects. The level of funding allocations in this bill does not help the Veteran Affairs to support key priorities of its Administration such as ending veteran homelessness, increasing access to mental healthcare, and providing suicide prevention services, as well as investments in other critical areas, including caregiver support programs, overdose prevention, and treatment programs. While it is important to make annual adjustments to bills such as this, our national strategic planning cannot be based on vague predictions; it must present a concrete plan that goes beyond the current year. This Congress, and other relevant elements of the U.S. government should focus on a real integrated strategy that considers all aspects of national security spending while also helping to protect our veterans. Any reckless policies that attempt to claw back billions in funding for veterans' medical care would have negative impact on our veterans and put their healthcare in jeopardy. This bill should reflect efforts by the Congress to secure protection for adequate funding to ensure that the Department of Veterans Affairs will be able to continue to spend those essential resources for veterans' medical care. Doubling down on the Default on America Act by cutting over $142 billion in funding does nothing but hurts our veterans, farmers, and their families by denying them access vital programs that they rely on. Surprisingly, Republicans do not want to end there; recent reports indicate that they want to go up to over $159 billion in funding cuts, and even as high as $189 billion with their insatiable desire for drastic cuts in funding for programs that support American families. Republicans need to stand by their word and let this House and the American people know where they stand on their support for veterans. Any radical cuts in funding by Republicans to the Department of Housing and Urban Development would be devastating to more than 50,000 veterans who rely on the Housing Choice Vouchers for their housing needs. Cutting funding to the Department of Labor by as high as 30 percent would result in more than 4,200 veterans losing the job training, counseling, and job readiness services they so desperately need; a group that is already either experiencing or at risk of homelessness. Earlier versions of Military Construction and Veterans Affairs appropriations bill that Republicans supported in subcommittee provided for the transfer of $4.5 billion in critical funding for veterans' medical care to other purposes. The Republican-backed bill, if passed, could have resulted in drastic cuts to dedicated funding for veterans exposed to Agent Orange, burn pits, and other toxic substances. Republican proposed cuts would have drastic consequences for the PACT Act Toxic Exposures Fund and could lead to slashing the medical care resources in the Fund by 86 percent, and fully abandoning the Toxic Exposures Fund next year. I, along with my Democrat colleagues, will continue to work with veterans' organizations to ensure that this bill does not pass with these unreasonable cuts to critical programs and services that veterans across the country depend on. Congress cannot renege on the pledge and promises that are contained in the PACT Act; to provide the necessary, dedicated, funding; this bill requires nothing short of full funding for the Toxic Exposures Fund. Even with all these necessary measures, the 2024 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies funding bill still falls short of our commitment to veterans, servicemembers, and their families. This Committee should not pass a bill that cuts military construction by billions of dollars in effort to cut down on the entire process of funding the government. Through the PACT Act, the Biden administration continue to deliver its promise to better serve and better take care of our veterans of all wars who have been exposed to harmful chemicals like Agent Orange, burn pits, and other toxic substances. That funding for toxic exposures should not have to compete with other discretionary priorities; it should complement other funding sources. In addition to these drastic cuts, Section 258 of H.R. 4366 would prevent the VA from using funds to implement, administer, or carry out the Interim Final Rule (IFR) published on September 9, 2022, which expanded access to abortion for certain veterans, a provision which also prevents the VA from providing needed care to veterans when the health of the woman is endangered. Our country must ensure that the department of Veteran Affairs is able to provide access to abortions, especially in instances where the life or health of the pregnant veteran would be endangered if the pregnancy were carried to term, or when a pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. Sections 414, 415, and 417 of this H.R. 4366 further outline provisions that seek to limit efforts by the Federal Government to implement a comprehensive approach to advancing equity for all, including people of color and others who have been historically underserved, marginalized, and adversely affected by persistent poverty, inequality, and diversity. In its current state, this bill would prevent the Veteran Affairs from using funds to display any but the listed flags, intended to prevent the Veteran Affairs from displaying flags demonstrating support for historically marginalized groups such as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex veterans. This would indiscriminately undermine same sex marriage while also unduly complicating the routine business of the Department to provide healthcare and other services for veterans. The President's budget proposal presents a viable solution to provide desperately needed funding for construction projects and the military construction bill must prove to support the President's commitments to our veterans. Any real, pragmatic progress in Veteran Affairs' infrastructure backlog requires dedicated investment in our facilities outside the normal discretionary funding streams. It is my sincere hope that this military construction appropriation would ensure the quality of care at Veteran Affair's facilities for our veterans and Veteran Affairs employees. As our military leadership has indicated, 30 percent of our military infrastructure worldwide remains in poor condition; cutting funding for military construction is not a viable solution to this problem. With the present need to address recruitment and retention problem that currently faces our military, and to ensure a major quality of life issue for our servicemembers, we cannot afford these senseless cuts to military construction funding. I cannot support the passage of this military construction bill because our nation cannot to backtrack on our commitment to our servicemembers and their families. Mr. Speaker, I speak in opposition to S.J. Res. 9, a resolution that provides for congressional disapproval to legislatively de-list the lesser prairie-chicken from protection under the Endangered Species Act. Specifically, this bill calls on Congress to disapprove the rules submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to protections for endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. The population and habitat of the lesser prairie-chicken, an endangered southwestern prairie grouse, is under growing threat. Originally numbering in the millions, the population of this bird has decreased by as much as 97%, and it now only inhabits 16% of its former habitat. Aerial survey results from 2012 through 2022 estimate a 5-year average lesser prairie-chicken population of 32,210 across the five- state region in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, as well as my state of Texas. The conversion of natural grasslands to agriculture, energy development, fire suppression, drought, and the use of herbicides to kill Shinnery Oak habitat are all ongoing challenges that cause habitat loss and fragmentation. Additional harm is caused to these birds' habitats by fencing, power wires, and other tall structures that entice perching by predatory animals. The lesser prairie-chicken is a sign of healthy prairies and grasslands because it requires huge, undamaged natural grassland parcels to support self-sustaining populations. This makes them a crucial indicator of the general well-being of America's grasslands, a treasured and iconic terrain. It is essential that we work together to uphold the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which is responsible for the recovery of iconic species like the bald eagle. I urge my colleagues to support science-based decisions and join me in opposing this bill, S.J. Res. 9. Mr. Speaker, I speak in opposition to S.J. Res. 24, which relates to the endangered species status of the Northern Long-Eared Bat. S.J. Res. 24 is a resolution of congressional disapproval to legislatively down-list the Northern Long-Eared Bat from ``endangered'' to ``threatened.'' Not only would this downgrade the Northern Long-Eared Bat's status today, but it would effectively block the species from being moved up to a higher endangered threat level, no matter how close the species comes to extinction. It would be irresponsible to use extreme legislation, not science, to down-list the Northern Long-Eared Bat, thereby effectively scaling back its protections under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Without ESA protections, states, industries, and other entities will have little incentive to conserve or recover the Northern Long-Eared Bat. It is highly likely that the bat populations would likely dwindle further towards extinction. Moreover, by using the Congressional Review Act Process, this Congress is effectively limiting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from making similar future listings for this bat species. This move would prevent the agency from using its discretion to take the necessary measures for species conservation and will impede long term recovery efforts. Ultimately, Congressional action in this arena gives industries, not science, the upper hand in species listings. It is clear that some of my colleagues are doing the bidding of the timber and agriculture industries, despite the consequences that Northern Long-Eared Bat extinction could have on biodiversity and long- term agriculture and timber industry practices. Down-listing this species would be especially dangerous in the current moment because the Northern Long-Eared Bat population is actively under threat from white nose syndrome, a deadly fungus that has caused a rapid decline in bat populations. The Northern Long-Eared Bat's current endangered status provides adequate protections while wildlife scientists work to address the underlying causes of white-nose syndrome. More broadly, Congress should not be interfering with the work of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under its Endangered Species Act authority. Species populations are constantly fluctuating based on environmental factors, invasive species, climate change, and other emerging threats. To remain up to date, the ESA requires periodic study and updates to ensure protections align with the best available science. By blocking future up-listing decisions, using the Congressional Review Act undercuts the ESA's inherent flexibility and agencies' science-based decision-making for species conservation. I urge my colleagues to support science-based decisions for endangered and threatened species and oppose this bill.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I, too, rise today to salute our friend and patriot, Joyce Hamlett. It is a surprise for some of us who wish that the news was not accurate, but I cannot miss an opportunity to call her a historic figure in this House. Joyce made history as being named the custodian, the protector, of the mace. I can assure you, she handles this historic responsibility with grace, firmness, leadership, patriotism, and a love of country. I do want to say that Joyce was a hero on January 6, 2021. It was Joyce's face that we looked at to get the original charge of getting to safety, of ensuring that the doors were closed. I heard her voice, and I saw her pointing, giving instructions to make sure that as Members finally discovered that we were under attack, we would be safe. She did not move to protect herself. She stood fast to ensure that Members had the right information to be able to be taken to or rush to safety. Her family loves her. We don't realize that she has a wonderful responsibility of her grandchildren, and they have grown up under her. I have watched that happen. Mr. Speaker, finally, let me say this: We will lose a great American. I hope as she goes in another direction, there will be others blessed by this grande dame, if you will, and this great American, a person who will always love this institution. We will always love Joyce Hamlett and respect her for her service to the Nation. God bless her, and God bless the United States of America.

Ms. JACKSON LEE

Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, on the occasion of Stevie Wilcox's retirement from the Department of Homeland Security's Transportation Security Agency, family, friends, and colleagues gathered on Friday, July 21, 2023, to recognize his dedication, commitment, and professionalism in the defense of a grateful Nation. Stevie Wilcox's service in the U.S. Air Force ended in 2005 as a senior non-commissioned officer (E-7 MSgt). He served the first 10 years at Andrews Air Force Base until he transferred to Okinawa, Japan from 1994 to 1998. He was later transferred to Bitburg, Germany, where he served from 1998-2002. Stevie's dedication to the armed services began early, as he grew up as a military dependent. Prior to his service, he moved to Camps Springs, Maryland in the summer of 1976 and graduated from Central High School in 1979. After retiring from military service, Stevie Wilcox decided to work at TSA because he experienced 9-11 in real time while on Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C. Stevie Wilcox embodied the agency motto, ``The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence.'' Because of his efforts, lives were preserved--missions accomplished--hope restored. And I thank him for his service to the United States of America. Stevie Wilcox was recruited to the TSA Travel Protocol Office to help establish assistance for the wounded warriors who traveled through the Nation's airports along with the Military One Source. Stevie Wilcox Worked for TSA from 2005 to 2023 during which time he distinguished himself as a person of merit, intellect, diplomacy, and professionalism in all matters under his responsibility. I would like to commend him for taking this path to government service. As President Kennedy once said, ``The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission.'' On behalf of the constituents of the Eighteenth Congressional District of Texas, I take great pride in recognizing Stevie Wilcox on his retirement, for his commitment and dedication to serving the citizens of the United States, and he is most deserving of the respect, admiration, and commendation of the United States Congress.