Eddie Johnson

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to introduce the Intermodal Transportation Act of 2003. This legislation enjoys bipartisan support, and I believe that its inclusion in TEA-21 Reauthorization will significantly enhance our nation's public transportation infrastructure. We will be facing significant budget restraints in the reauthorization TEA-21 over the next 6 years, and for that reason I believe it is critical to look at ways to maximize our existing transportation assets. One important way we can do this in the realm of public transportation is by connecting the public transportation modes better so that they provide a more accessible and attractive transportation alternative. Public transportation, including intercity bus, intercity rail, local mass transit, and rural transit, serve thousands of communities nationwide, but they are rarely linked together in common facilities and with consolidated travel information. The Intermodal Transportation Act will provide for these missing intermodal connections. This bill will create a new competitive grant program for intermodal transportation centers, which will provide incentives for states and communities to develop intermodal facilities. These intermodal centers will tie together all public transportation modes in convenient locations, giving public transportation users the ability to make seamless intercity and local trips from origin to destination. Across the country, very little has been invested in intermodal facilities linking the modes of affordable public transportation that the American people rely on everyday. ITA provides benefits to all public transportation riders through dedicated funding for these vital intermodal transportation terminals. ITA will also create a National Public Transportation Information System so that with one call or website visit, a user can get information on schedules, fares, and locations for the intercity and local transportation services that she will need to make a trip. ITA also increases funding so that customers using wheelchairs have better access to the intermodal system, thus allowing a mobility- impaired passenger to get on an intercity bus with a wheelchair lift and make accessible connections throughout the country. In addition to creating a seamless intermodal transportation system, the cost-effective programs in ITA will produce new employment opportunities. These will include not only the construction and operating jobs directly related to the projects, but also new jobs created by the economic development produced by new intermodal transportation hubs in urban areas and through the connections we develop between rural communities and the national airway system. With a total cost of around $150 million annually, the Intermodal Transportation Act will create a fully integrated public transportation network throughout the country while also linking hundreds, if not thousands, of rural communities to airports and creating economic development opportunities and new jobs across the country. I am pleased to introduce these important intermodal proposals with significant bipartisan support. I would especially like to thank Jo Ann Emerson and Michael Burgess for their strong support of this legislation. I would also like to thank the other original co-sponsors of this legislation: Ed Case, Martin Frost, Major Owens, Sheila Jackson-Lee, Eleanor Holmes-Norton, Richard Baker, Betty McCollum, and Juanita Millender-McDonald. We will work with our fellow colleagues to see that this bill is included in the reauthorization of TEA-21.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, today, my hopes for peace have given way to the reality of war. Although I agree with President Bush that Saddam Hussein is a dangerous man, I am not convinced that a military attack against Iraq is in the best interest of our nation. For this reason, I voted against a resolution last year that was the equivalent of a declaration of war which authorized the President to launch a military strike to disarm and possibly overthrow Saddam Hussein. The issue is not whether or not Saddam Hussein is a dangerous dictator who should be disarmed. Just this past Sunday, we marked the fifteenth anniversary of Saddam Hussein's chemical weapons attack on a predominantly Kurdish village in northeastern Iraq where 5,000 civilians died. The international community has an important obligation to ensure that Saddam Hussein cannot repeat his aggression of the past, and as the world's most powerful country, we must be committed to lead. Through U.N. inspections, continued monitoring and increased scrutiny of Baghdad, I think we can meet that responsibility. Mr. Speaker, we must realize that a possible military attack against Iraq would represent a major shift in American diplomatic and strategic thinking. For nearly fifty years, we relied upon deterrence to check Soviet expansionism. Deterrence brought us victory in the Cold War without having to fight a hot, shooting war under the shadow of nuclear annihilation. That same strategy has kept Iraq at bay for more than a decade. Now that doctrine is on the verge of being discarded. There are several other critical questions to which we've heard very few answers. We must have a clear plan on how an attack on Iraq would transpire, including identifying our military options, determining our strategy to change the regime, calculating the potential casualties, and estimating how much an operation would cost and how it will be funded. We must also see a plan to build democratic and free-market institutions in a post-Saddam Iraq. History teaches us that how we win the peace is just as critical as how we win the war. Thus far, these crucial issues have received little attention. For those of us who counseled a peaceful strategy to disarm Iraq in the months before this point, it is now time to unite in our support for the 300,000 brave men and women in the region. I fervently and completely join the President in the hope and prayer for the safe and quick return of our soldiers to their homes and families. I know that members of our military serve this nation's ideals and they demonstrate those ideals in their code and in their character. I have seen their love of this country and devotion to the cause of peace and freedom. I know that their mission is dangerous, and I personally thank them for their service. May God bless our troops and their families, and may God bless America.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to the Help Efficient, Accessible, Low-Cost, Timely Healthcare (HEALTH) Act. Tens of thousands of people die each year from preventable medical errors. But rather than reform the medical system to prevent needless deaths and injuries, doctors and big insurance companies are lobbying to limit the rights of injured patients to seek full recovery in the courts. This measure unfairly impacts women and low income patients. The HEALTH Act (H.R. 5) attempts to address the problem of high insurance costs for doctors by limiting punitive damages in medical malpractice cases to $250,000 and caps attorneys' fees under the guise of addressing the rising cost of medical malpractice insurance. H.R. 5 caps non- economic damages in the aggregate--regardless of the number of parties involved in the dispute. Despite its claim, H.R. 5 does nothing to directly address the problem of rising medical malpractice insurance rates for doctors. Malpractice insurance companies can expect a huge windfall from this legislation because it limits how much they have to pay out in claims, but does not address how much these insurance companies charge in premiums to doctors. The insurance industry has said that there is no guarantee of any specific savings from passage of this type of legislation. The major malpractice problem facing Texans is the unreliable quality of medical care being delivered, which is a result of frequent medical mistakes and a lack of doctor oversight by the state medical board. Government data show that ``repeat offender'' doctors are responsible for the bulk of malpractice payments. Between September 1990 and September 2002, 6.5 percent of Texas' doctors made two or more malpractice payouts worth a total of more than $1 billion. These represented 51.3 percent of all payments, according to information obtained from the federal government's National Practitioner Data Bank. Just 2.2 percent of the doctors made three or more payments, representing about a quarter of all payouts. For every $100 spent on health care in America, only $.66 has been spent on malpractice insurance. As patients are most often victimized by repeat offending doctors (a mere six percent of doctors in Texas are responsible for 46 percent of all malpractice), this bill does nothing to reduce negligence by doctors and hospitals, but decreases incentive to improve patient safety. Medical errors cause 3,260 to 7,261 preventable deaths in Texas each year. These errors cost families and communities $1.3 billion to $2.2 billion annually in lost wages, lost productivity and increased health care costs. In contrast, medical malpractice insurance costs Texas's doctors less than $421.2 million annually. One more time the patient (consumer) gets the lump for being victimized. Vote against this rule and this bill under consideration.. It is for these reasons that I will vote against the rule and the bill, H.R. 5, and I urge my Colleagues to vote against H.R. 5.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to be here tonight, and I want to especially thank my good friend, the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Cummings) and applaud my CBC colleagues for their hard work in bringing us together here tonight to talk about the HIV pandemic. The global fight against HIV/AIDS is important to U.S. security interests because the disease has proven to be a significant destabilizing force in much of the developing world. It has removed many of the most productive members from society and devastated the social, political and economic infrastructures of those countries hardest hit. Mr. Speaker, today, the chance of a 15-year-old African girl making it to the age of 60 is 52 percent. By 2010, it will be about a 30 percent chance. This will have a sizeable impact on the future of African society. With this kind of outlook for African youth, investment in education and economic advancement practically become non-issues. In January, President Bush proposed spending $15 billion over five years to fight global HIV-AIDS. The plan would commit $3 billion a year for five years to global AIDS reduction, including $200 million a year for the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis. I understand that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee will take up the legislation very soon. The House International Relations Committee will consider a comparable bill. Mr. Speaker, I hope that this boost in spending is not a fait accompli. We must fight to ensure that Congress commits to the increase in Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria while preventing politics from intruding on decisions about health care. The purpose of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is to attract, manage and disburse additional resources for health through a new public-private partnership. It is hoped that this will make a sustainable and significant contribution to the reduction of infections, illness and death and thereby mitigate the impact caused by HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in countries in need, and contribute to poverty reduction as part of the Millennium Development Goals. Mr. Speaker, We still have a long way to go to raise awareness about the disease and to ensure that Nations have the resources to implement proven prevention and treatment programs. We must do more to help those countries to combat these deadly diseases. We must commit ourselves to doing more, and I hope that this Congress can make that commitment, and I strongly urge the President of the United States to do the same for the Global Fund.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to share my admiration with you for one of my district's most popular artists, Norah Jones. During the 45th annual Grammy Awards held on February 24, 2003, Norah Jones was awarded 5 Golden Gramophone statuettes for Album of the Year, Best New Artist, Record of The Year for the single ``Don't Know Why,'' Best Pop Vocal Album, and Best Female Pop Vocal Album. Norah Jones has shown a strong aptitude for music since childhood. Ms. Jones graduated from the Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts of Dallas, Texas in 1997. Norah Jones follows in the footsteps of the many successful Booker T. Washington High School alumni, such as Erykah Badu and Roy Hargrove. Norah Jones later went on to the University of North Texas to major in jazz piano. Already career-minded, she knew that a solid foundation of jazz piano could pave the way for better things. Mr. Speaker, Norah Jones is an inspiration to our youth, not only in Texas but across the nation, that their dreams can come true, and that they should reach for the stars.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I commend my colleague, Mr. Cummings for reserving this special order to celebrate Black History Month, a commemoration that dates back to 1926 when Black Americans celebrated Negro History Week. Mr. Speaker, it is my hope that the citizens of the United States, especially young African-Americans, recognize how we've grown and developed since then. And also realize and appreciate the important contributions of their forebears and contemporaries to the development of this nation and American society. I am proud to stand before you today to salute two outstanding citizens from my childhood home of Waco and congressional district of Dallas. James Andrew Harris was born on March 26, 1932 in Waco, Texas. As a graduate of Houston-Tillotson College in Austin with a chemistry degree, Mr. Harris worked in the Nuclear Chemistry Division of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. There he was part of the team that discovered and identified elements 104- Rutherfordium and 105-Dubnium on the Periodic Table of Elements. Dr. Otis Boykin was born in 1920 and raised in Dallas. His mother was a homemaker and his father a carpenter. Dr. Otis attended Fisk University and the Illinois Institute of Technology. Unfortunately, his parents could not afford his tuition and he dropped out of college after two years. Thereafter, Dr. Boykin built electrical devices used today in all guided missiles and IBM computers. He also developed a control unit for an artificial heart simulator (pacemaker) that helps millions of cardiovascular patients. Otis Boykin will be remembered as one of the greatest inventors of the twentieth century. Mr. Speaker, today I am worried that given the current educational settings of our country, future Otis Boykins and James Andrew Harrises will not have the opportunity to pursue their dreams or realize their talents. I want to focus briefly on what is going to happen in my State of Texas. It is reported that at least $2.7 billion must be cut from Texas public education over the next two years to balance the state budget without a major increase in taxes or fees. The University of Texas at Austin will hire fewer professors, forcing students to scramble for the classes they want. At Texas Women's University, fewer police officers may patrol the campus. Some intercollegiate sports may disappear from Collin County Community College. Tuition will probably rise at Dallas County Community Colleges. Universities, medical schools, community colleges and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board collectively must slash $343.8 million in the middle of the school year. Mr. Speaker, one University of North Texas official summarized the current situation very clearly: ``The monster came through our door, and now he's sitting on our lap.'' I am further concerned as I read news stories, such as a Washington Post article which recently indicated that Oregon is on the verge of cutting as many as 24 days from its school year. The United States ranks 18th among the industrial nations in school year length. How can we expect American schoolchildren to learn in 180 days as much as Korean children learn in 220? They cannot! Just a couple of weeks ago we listened to President Bush's well- written, well-delivered State of the Union address. Yes, it was nice to hear words about diversity, higher education, making college more affordable, and leaving no child behind. But words are cheap! What has been done to increase the diversity of our populations in higher education? What is being done to make higher education more affordable? And how will we ensure that no child is really left behind in our elementary and secondary public school education system? Mr. Speaker we should invest in the education of under-privileged young people here at home. It will improve not only our educational system, but our society as a whole. So many Otis Boykins and James Andrew Harrises will have the opportunity to revolutionize technology that affects people's everyday lives. Again, thank you to Congressman Cummings for organizing tonight's special orders.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to speak about promising technology that could help protect our environment and safeguard our national security. Given time and support, research into hydrogen-powered fuel cells could yield a reliable, clean source of power and curtail our dependence on foreign oil. By chemically combining oxygen and hydrogen, fuel cells generate electricity up to three times more efficiently than any internal combustion engine. Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any known fuel, and hydrogen-powered fuel cells run almost silently while emitting no pollutants. An automobile powered by fuel cells would produce only water as waste. Furthermore, hydrogen could be used for far more than transportation. Hydrogen fuel cells could be used to power homes and offices, and even to replace batteries for computers, cell phones, and other appliances. Fuel cells could not only serve as a clean and efficient energy source, but also as a way to limit our reliance on foreign oil. If we don't concentrate on viable alternatives to now, the United States is expected to import 68 percent of the oil it consumes by 2025. Should hydrogen-powered fuel cells fulfill their promise, we could drastically reduce that figure and ensure our independence in a way that keeps our environment protected. Despite the great potential of this technology, there are significant obstacles to overcome. Usable hydrogen remains expensive to produce and difficult to store effectively. At present fuel cells can cost up to ten times more than conventional engines. There is important work to do in this field, and I am proud to say that there are over a dozen organizations in my home state of Texas hard at work on solutions. Often Texas is thought of as oil country, but our state has the opportunity to play a vital role in the development of viable alternatives. As a ranking member of the Science Committee, I am very interested in any technology that could help keep our environment cleaner and our people more secure. I appreciate the opportunity to participate and look forward to ongoing involvement in this promising avenue of research.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I commend my colleague, Mr. Cummings for reserving this special order to celebrate Black History Month, a commemoration that dates back to 1926 when Black Americans celebrated Negro History Week. Mr. Speaker, it is my hope that the citizens of the United States, especially young African-Americans, recognize how we've grown and developed since then. And also realize and appreciate the important contributions of their forebears and contemporaries to the development of this nation and American society. I am proud to stand before you today to salute two outstanding citizens from my childhood home to Waco and congressional district of Dallas. James Andrew Harris was born on March 26, 1932 in Waco, Texas. As a graduate of Houston-Tillotson College in Austin with a chemistry degree, Mr. Harris worked in the Nuclear Chemistry Division of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. There he was part of the team that discovered and identified elements 104- Rutherfordium and 105-Dubnium on the Periodic Table of Elements. Dr. Otis Boykin was born in 1920 and raised in Dallas. His mother was a homemaker and his father a carpenter. Dr. Otis attended Fisk University and the Illinois Institute of Technology. Unfortunately, his parents could not afford his tuition and he dropped out of college after two years. Thereafter, Dr. Boykin built electrical devices used today in all guided missiles and IBM computers. He also developed a control unit for an artificial heart simulator (pacemaker) that helps millions of cardiovascular patients. Otis Boykin will be remembered as one of the greatest inventors of the twentieth century. Mr. Speaker, today I am worried that given the current educational settings of our country, future Otis Boykins and James Andrew Harrises will not have the opportunity to pursue their dreams or realize their talents. I want to focus briefly on what is going to happen in my State of Texas. It is reported that at least $2.7 billion must be cut from Texas public education over the next two years to balance the state budget without a major increase in taxes or fees. The University of Texas at Austin will hire fewer professors, forcing students to scramble for the classes they want. At Texas Women's University, fewer police officers may patrol the campus. Some intercollegiate sports may disappear from Collin County Community College. Tuition will probably rise at Dallas County Community Colleges. Universities, medical schools, community colleges and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board collectively must slash $343.8 million in the middle of the school year. Mr. Speaker, one University of North Texas official summarized the current situation very clearly: ``The monster came through our door, and now he's sitting on our lap.'' I am further concerned as I read new stories, such as a Washington Post article which recently indicated that Oregon is on the verge of cutting as many as 24 days from its school year. The United States ranks 18th among the industrial nations in school year length. How can we expect American schoolchildren to learn in 180 days as much as Korean children learn in 220? They cannot! Just a couple of weeks ago we listened to President Bush's well- written, well-delivered State of the Union address. Yes, it was nice to hear words about diversity, higher education, making college more affordable, and leaving no child behind. But words are cheap! What has been done to increase the diversity of our populations in higher education? What is being done to make higher education more affordable? And how will we ensure that no child is really left behind in our elementary and secondary public school education system? Mr. Speaker we should invest in the education of under-privileged young people here at home. It will improve not only our educational system, but our society as a whole. So many Otis Boykins and James Andrew Harrises will have the opportunity to revolutionize technology that affects people's everyday lives. Again, thank you to Congressman Cummings for organizing tonight's special orders.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, today I ask my colleagues to join me in honoring an educational success story within the Dallas Independent School District. The Booker T. Washington High School was built in 1922 as the first African American high school in Dallas. For the past 81 years, Booker T. Washington High School has provided hundreds of central city youngsters with an academic foundation that has allowed them to reach their potential. The school's story began in 1922 with the dream of an African- American-owned school emphasizing the basics through creative instructional programs, coupled with a strong multicultural development. The school's success story can be attributed to incredible commitment on the part of the school's parents, administrators, and teachers because of their love for kids and crafts. The Booker T. Washington High School, after gallery space and studios were added in 1976, was designated as the arts ``magnet'' high school. Since its inception, Booker T. Washington High School has received national acclaim as a prototype for subsequent magnet schools throughout the United States and Canada. The Booker T. Washington High School community has pulled together for the children of Dallas's central city. The school currently serves over 700 students from 66 different zip codes in grades 9 through 12. All students are selected through auditions, interviews, portfolios, or other demonstration of artistic and academic aptitudes. Booker T. Washington High School students distinguish themselves by receiving a variety of prestigious awards and honors including thirteen Presidential Scholar Awards--the nation's highest accolade for excellence in arts and academics. On average, 163 graduating seniors boast $5 million in college scholarship offers both in arts and academic majors. Noted graduates include Grammy winners such as R & B vocalist Erykah Badu, jazz trumpeter Roy Hargove, singer Norah Jones, dancer Jay Franke, cellist John Koen, visual artists Christian Schumann and Chris Arnold, drummer Aaron Comess, Edie Brickell of the New Bohemians, and members of the gospel group God's Property. Booker T. Washington High School, a pride of our community, has been a success story because of its distinguished faculty. The instructional staff consists of 60 full time teachers and 24 part-time teachers and consultants. Approximately 83 percent of the faculty has advance degrees and 88 percent have more than 10 years of teaching experience. Booker T. Washington High School is a national model for educational quality, innovation, and commitment in the face of adversity. I ask my colleagues to join me in recognizing this fine institution.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, let me express my appreciation to the leadership for bringing this forth and to say how important it is that we take the time to give recognition to those heroic persons who did lose their lives. I am very certain, however, that they did not lose their lives in vain. This space exploration research program has been one of the most successful research programs in the history of this country, and I know that we will investigate well to see what happened and improve upon it. I also know that, over 40 years ago, the foresight of persons that came along before us caused us to get into this type of research. We also owe those leaders some homage for their foresight, and I am hoping that we will then have the foresight to continue this type of research. The scientific technological advances made possible by space research include much: arteriosclerosis detection, ultrasound scanners, the automatic insulin pump, portable X-ray devices, invisible braces, dental arch wire, palate surgery technology, clean room apparel, implantable heart aid, the MRI, the bone analyzer and the cataract surgery tools and on and on, the digital imaging breast biopsy system. So many, many lives have been saved because we have lost a few in trying. The life-saving light that saves lives through the application of lighting technology initially developed for plant growth experiments on space shuttle missions. The doctors at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee use light-emitting diodes in a treatment called photodynamic therapy, a form of chemotherapy to treat brain tumors in children and aid significantly in wound-healing treatment. A consumer product, the toy for tots, many, many toys have been made because of that, that has increased the economy, and I could go on, with the artificial heart device known as the miniaturized ventricular assist pump. The vehicle tracking system, and many of us drive cars that have the night-extended sight vision, came from space exploration. Mr. Speaker, I will end by simply saying the best way to show our appreciation for these heroes is to continue this research and be a visionary for the future. Without vision, we perish. Human space exploration is inherently risky. Distance, speed and an environment that can not support human life combine to make human space flights particularly precarious. Unfortunately the world has new evidence of the dangers associated with space exploration. Millions watched as images of a singular, brilliant point of light in the sky became two, three, and four points of light as Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart over my home State of Texas. I join the rest of the country and the world in mourning the seven brave astronauts whom we lost in this national tragedy. The outpouring of sympathy from the citizens of the world is recognition that the crew heroically put their lives on the line in the name of science and research. More than a decade ago, January 28th, 1986, our country's space program was dealt another tragedy as we lost the crew of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The findings of the ``Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident'' (referred to as the Rogers' Commission Report) have changed NASA procedures to make human space flight safer. It is incumbent upon the federal government to conduct a vigorous and comprehensive investigation to uncover and alleviate the events that led to Columbia accident. I pledge to do what I can to help our space program recover from this terrible setback so these important endeavors can flourish in the future. As a Senior member of the Science Committee, I will work closely with my House colleagues to assist NASA and Harold Gehman Jr. who will lead the special investigative commission. I am the ranking member of the Science Subcommittee on Basic Research. In this important capacity, I have taken a major leadership role regarding America's commitment to technological development and scientific research and application. As such, I am a firm believer that the United States will continue our space program that has accomplished so much in the areas of research and science. This important and beneficial program is essential to advancing technology. Specific technological advances made possible by space research include the arteriosclerosis detection, ultrasound scanners, automatic insulin pump, portable x-ray device, invisible braces, dental arch wire, palate surgery technology, clean room apparel, implantable heart aid, MRI, bone analyzer, and cataract surgery tools. The Space Shuttle Program has yielded many lifesaving medical tests, accessibility advances for the physically challenged, and products that make our lives more safe and enjoyable. Such as: The Digital Imaging Breast Biopsy System developed from Space Telescope technology incorporates the advanced Charged Coupled Devise, a high tech silicon chip, used as part of a digital camera system that sees the breast structure with x-ray vision. The CCD images breast tissue more clearly and efficiently through a procedure known as stereotactic core then-needle biopsy. With the help of companies like FIDE and LORAD, this procedure provides patient with non-invasive procedure which reduces pain, scarring, radiation exposure, time and cost. The Space Shuttle was the vehicle used to assist in the space telescope repair mission and development of the technology. Lifesaving Light Saves Lives through application of a special lighting technology initially developed for plant growth experiments on Space Shuttle missions. Doctors at University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee use light emitting diodes in a treatment called photodynamic therapy, a form of chemotherapy, to treat brain tumors in children and aid significantly in would healing treatment. A Consumer Product Toy for Tots was developed using NASA wind-tunnel and aerodynamic expertise from the Space Shuttle program. Hasbro, Inc. improved the flying distances and loop-to-loop stunts for its toy gliders designed for a child to fly. Public Safety takes a Byte out of Crime using image processing technology initially used to analyze Space Shuttle launch video and study meteorological images. This Space Shuttle mission technology helps law enforcement agencies improve crime solving videos. An Artificial Heart device known as the miniaturized ventricular assist pump, developed by NASA and renowned heart surgeon Dr. Michael DeBakey, was derived from technology used in Space Shuttle fuel pumps. The tiny pump--2 inches long, 1 inch in diameter and weighing less than four ounces has been successfully implanted into more than 20 patients. A Vehicle Tracking System tracks information originally used onboard Space Shuttle missions now helps track vehicles on Earth. This commercial spinoff allows vehicles to transmit a signal back to a home base. Municipalities today use the software to track and reassign emergency and public works vehicles. It also is used by vehicle fleet operations, such as taxis, armored cars and vehicles carrying hazardous cargo. As witnessed, the Space Shuttle can be configured to carry many different types of equipment and scientific experiments. The Space Shuttle is essential in the assembly of the International Space Station (advancing life sciences & technology through long-duration missions) and repairing and servicing the Hubble Space Telescope (enabling many new discoveries in Space Science). As an enabling function, the Space Shuttle is fully engaged in providing services for earth and physical science research. The Space Shuttle also engages the private sector in the development of space by providing flight opportunities for industry, academia and government to conduct applied research relevant to NASA's mission through access to the space environment. I will foresee that cooperative activities with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Defense (DoD) and other U.S. agencies will continue to advance knowledge of health, medicine, science and technology. STS-107, which was lost on February 1, 2003, was a 16-day mission dedicated to research in physical, life, and space sciences, conducted in approximately 80 separate experiments, comprised of hundreds of samples and test points. With two Americans and a Russian still stationed at the International Space Station, it is imperative that this program not come to a halt. This most unfortunate and tragic loss of five men and two women, representing a mosaic of races and nationalities, will be mourned and these great American heroes will not be forgotten.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, human space exploration is inherently risky. Distance, speed and an environment that can not support human life combine to make human space flights particularly precarious. Unfortunately the world has new evidence of the dangers associated with space exploration. Millions watched as images of a singular, brilliant point of light in the sky became two, three, and four points of light as space shuttle Columbia broke apart over my home State of Texas. I join the rest of the country and the world in mourning the seven brave astronauts whom we lost in this national tragedy. The outpouring of sympathy from the citizens of the world is recognition that the crew heroically put their lives on the line in the name of science and research. More than a decade ago, January 28th, 1986, our country's space program was dealt another tragedy as we lost the crew of the space shuttle Challenger. The findings of the ``Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident'' (referred to as the Rogers' Commission Report) have changed NASA procedures to make human space flight safe. It is incumbent upon the federal government to conduct a vigorous and comprehensive investigation to uncover and alleviate the events that led to Columbia's accident. I pledge to do what I can to help our space program recover from this terrible setback so these important endeavors can flourish in the future. As a Senior member of the Science Committee, I will work closely with my House colleagues to assist NASA and Harold Gehman Jr. who will lead the special investigative commission. I am the ranking member of the Science Subcommittee on Basic Research. In this important capacity, I have taken a major leadership role regarding America's commitment to technological development and scientific research and application. As such, I am a firm believer that the United States will continue our space program that has accomplished so much in the areas of research and science. This important and beneficial program is essential to advancing technology. Specific technological advances made possible by space research include the arteriosclerosis detection, ultrasound scanners, automatic insulin pump, portable x-ray device, invisible braces, dental arch wire, palate surgery technology, clean room apparel, implantable heart aid, MRI, bone analyzer, and cataract surgery tools. The Space Shuttle Program has yielded many lifesaving medical tests, accessibility advances for the physically challenged, and products that make our lives more safe and enjoyable. Such as: Digital Imaging Breast Biopsy System--The LORAD Stereo Guide Breast Biopsy system incorporates advanced Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) as part of a digital camera system. The resulting device images breast tissue more clearly and efficiently. Known as stereotactic large-core needle biopsy, this nonsurgical system developed with Space Telescope Technology is less traumatic and greatly reduces the pain, scarring, radiation exposure, time, and costs associated with invasive surgical biopsies. Breast Cancer Detection--A solar cell sensor is positioned directly beneath x-ray film, and determines exactly when film has received sufficient radiation and has been exposed to optimum density. Associated electronic equipment then sends a signal to cut off the x- ray source. Reduction of mammography x-ray exposure reduces radiation hazard and doubles the number of patient exams per machine. Laser Angioplasty--Laser angioplasty with a ``cool'' type of laser, caller an excimer laser, does not damage blood vessel walls and offers precise non-surgical cleaning of clogged arteries with extraordinary precision and fewer complications than in balloon angioplasty. Blood Serum Research--An astronaut's body, once free of gravity's pull, experiences a redistribution of body fluids that can lead to a decrease in the number of red blood cells and produce a form of space anemia. Monitoring and evaluating blood serum was required to understand these phenomena. However, existing blood-analysis technology required the use of a centrifugation technology that was not practical in space. NASA developed new technologies for the collection and real- time analysis of blood as well as other bodily fluids without the need for centrifugation. Ultrasound Skin Damage Assessment--Advanced instrument using NASA ultrasound technology enables immediate assessment of burn damage depth, improving patient treatment, and may save lives in serious burn cases. Lifesaving Light--Special lighting technology developed for plant- growth experiments on Space Shuttle missions is now used to treat brain tumors in children. Doctors at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee use light-emitting diodes in a treatment called photodynamic therapy, a form of chemotherapy, to kill cancerous tumors. Human Tissue Stimulator--Employing NASA satellite technology, the device is implanted in the body to help patient control chronic pain and involuntary motion disorders through electrical stimulation of targeted nerve centers or particular areas of the brain. 3-D Biotechnology--Developed for Space Shuttle medical research, a rotating cell-culture device simulates the microgravity of space. This allows researchers to grow cells in three dimensions. The device may one day help researchers find cures for dangerous infectious diseases and offer alternatives to patients who need organ transplant surgery. Cool Suit--Custom-made suit derived from space suits circulates coolant through tubes to lower patient's body temperature, producing dramatic improvement of symptoms of multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, spina bifida and other conditions. Programmable Pacemaker--Incorporating multiple NASA technologies, the system consists of the implant and a physician's computer console containing the programming and a data printer. Communicates through wireless telemetry signals. Ocular Screening--NASA image processing techniques are used to detect eye problems in very young children. An electronic flash from a 35- millimeter camera sends light into the child's eyes, and a photorefractor analyzes the retinal reflexes, producing an image of each eye. Automated Urinalysis--NASA fluid dynamics studies helped development of system that automatically extracts and transfers sediment from urine sample to an analyzer microscope, replacing the manual centrifuge method. Medical Gas Analyzer--Astronaut-monitoring technology used to develop system to monitor operating rooms for analysis of anesthetic gasses and measurement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen concentrations to assure proper breathing environment for surgery patients. Voice-Controlled Wheelchair--NASA teleoperator and robot technology used to develop chair and manipulator that respond to 35 one-word voice commands utilizing a minicomputer to help patient perform daily tasks, like picking up packages, opening doors, and turning on appliances. Land Mine Removal--The same rocket fuel that helps launch the Space Shuttle is now being used to save lives--by destroying land mines. A flare device, using leftover fuel donated by NASA, is placed next to the uncovered land mine and is ignited from a safe distance using a battery-triggered electric match. The explosive burns away, disabling the mine and rendering it harmless. Rescue 911--Rescue squads have a new extrication tool to help remove accident victims from wrecked vehicles. The hand-held device requires no auxiliary power systems or cumbersome hoses and is 70 percent cheaper than previous rescue equipment. The cutter uses a miniature version of the explosive charges that separate devices on the Space Shuttle. Byte Out of Crime--Image-processing technology used to analyze Space Shuttle launch videos and to study meteorological images also helps law enforcement agencies improve crime-solving videos. The technology removes defects due to image jitter, image rotation and image zoom in video sequences. The technology also may be useful for medical imaging, scientific applications and home video. Product Labeling--NASA needs to identify, track, and keep records on each of the thousands of heat-shield tiles on the Space Shuttle. This required a labeling system that could be put on ceramic material and withstand the rigors of space travel to be readable after a flight. NASA developed high data-density, two-dimensional, machine-readable symbol technology used to mark individual tiles. This novel method of labeling products with invisible and virtually indestructible markings can be used on electronic parts, pharmaceuticals and livestock--in fact on just about anything. Keep Cool Under Fire--Materials from the Space Shuttle thermal protection system are used on NASCAR racing cars to protect drivers from the extreme heat generated by the engines. This same material is also used to protect firefighters. Fire Resistant Foam--A unique foam developed for Space Shuttle thermal insulation and packing is now being used as thermal and acoustical insulation in aerospace, marine and industrial products. Since it's also fire resistant, it's being used as well for fire barriers, packaging and other applications requiring either high- temperature or very low-temperature insulation in critical environments. For example, use of these foam products by airframe manufacturers such as Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, and Airbus provides major weight savings, while retaining good thermal and acoustical properties in the various products. Fire Sighting--A sensitive, gas infrared camera, used by NASA observers to monitor the blazing plumes from the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters is also capable of scanning for fires. Firefighters use this hand-held camera to pinpoint the hotspots of wildfires that rage out of control. Gem Jewelers no longer have to worry about inhaling dangerous asbestos fibers from the blocks they use as soldering bases. Space Shuttle heat- shield tiles offer jewelers a safer soldering base with temperature resistance far beyond the 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit generated by the jeweler's torch. Jet Stripping--NASA developed a tool that uses powerful jet streams of water to strip paint and primer from the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters. A commercial version of this water jet is now used to treat turbine-engine components, airframe components, large aerospace hardware, ships and other mechanical devices, using only pure water. No hazardous chemicals are needed. Quick Fit Fasterners--Fastening items in space is a difficult task. A Virginia company developed a fastener that can be pushed on, rather than turned. These quick-connect fasteners are flexible and strong, and have been used by NASA astronauts since 1989. The product is now in use by firefighters and nuclear power-plant repair technicians, and has other commercial applications. Computer Joysticks--Computer games can now be played with all the precision and sensitivity needed for a safe and soft Space Shuttle touchdown. A game-controlling joystick for personal computer-based entertainment systems was modeled after controls used in shuttle simulators. Astronauts used the joystick to practice runway landings and orbit maneuvering. Toys For Tots--Already successful with its Nerf toy products, Hasbro, Inc. wanted to design a toy glider that a child could fly. Benefitting from NASA wind-tunnel and aerodynamic expertise used in the Space Shuttle program, Hasbro improved the flying distances and loop-to-loop stunts of its toy gliders. As witnessed, the Space Shuttle can be configured to carry many different types of equipment, spacecraft and scientific experiments. The Space Shuttle is essential in the assembly of the International Space Station (advancing life sciences & technology through long- duration missions) and repairing and servicing the Hubble Space Telescope (enabling many new discoveries in Space Science). As an enabling function, the Space Shuttle is fully engaged in providing services for earth and physical science research. The Space Shuttle also engages the private sector in the development of space by providing flight opportunities for industry, academia and government to conduct applied research relevant to NASA's mission through access to the space environment. I will foresee that cooperative activities with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Defense (DoD) and other U.S. agencies will continue to advance knowledge of health, medicine, science and technology. STS-107, which was lost on February 1, 2003, was a 16-day mission dedicated to research in physical, life, and space sciences, conducted in approximately 80 separate experiments, comprised of hundreds of samples and test points. With two Americans and a Russian still stationed at the International Space Station, it is imperative that this program not come to a halt. This most unfortunate and tragic loss of five men and two women, representing a mosaic of races and nationalities, will be mourned and these great American heroes will not be forgotten.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I stand before you today to acknowledge the accomplishments of Robert L. Johnson. In 1980, Mr. Johnson launched Black Entertainment Television (BET) with the help of a $15,000 loan. Under Mr. Johnson's leadership, BET Holdings Inc. expanded, and in 1991 became the first African-American- owned Company traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Johnson has since expanded the core BET network to include a theatrical film company, a book publishing division and restaurants. BET has flourished as the leading African American multimedia entertainment company, now reaching more than 65 million U.S. homes and more than 90% of all African-American cable households. On December 12, 2002, the National Basketball Association awarded Robert Johnson an expansion franchise in Charlotte, NC, making him not only the first African American to own an NBA franchise, but also the first African-American to own a major professional sports team in North America. The selection of Mr. Johnson completes a long series of achievements by African-Americans in the NBA. Earl Lloyd became the NBA's first African-American player in 1950. Bill Russell became the league's first African-American head coach in 1966. Wayne Embry became the league's first African-American general manager in 1972. Today, 85 percent of the NBA's rosters are filled with African-Americans, and 12 of the 29 coaches in the league are African-Americans. It was his individual skills, his demonstrated ability to build organizations, and his success in business and media that earned Robert Johnson such a grand accomplishment. He will be an example for other team owners as he has committed to giving African-Americans opportunities within his team's management structure. I would like to recognize the historical significance of Robert L. Johnson becoming the first African-American to own a majority portion of a major sports team in the United States and North America. I salute Mr. Johnson for his outstanding achievements and work as an African American businessman and leader. I commend the NBA in choosing Mr. Johnson to own the new Charlotte franchise, and I salute the league's understanding of the importance of diversity in making its selection. I would also like to encourage further efforts within the NBA and other professional sports to support minority ownership and management of team franchises.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I was unable to vote on rollcall No. 17, motion to go to conference on House Joint Resolution 2, because I am still recovering from surgery. Had I been present, I would have voted ``yea'' on rollcall No. 17.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. 15, Table the Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair (House Joint Resolution 13), had I been present, I would have voted ``no.'' Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. 16, On Motion to Recommit with Instructions (House Joint Resolution 13), had I been present, I would have voted ``aye.''

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I would like to submit for inclusion into the Record a copy of a letter sent to President Bush on Monday, January 27, 2003. In the letter, I express my views as a ``pre-buttal'' to President Bush's State of the Union Address on Tuesday, January 28, 2003. January 27, 2003. Hon. George W. Bush, The White House, Washington, DC. Dear Mr. President: For the past few weeks, I have been away from my Washington office recovering from a surgical procedure. This time away has allowed me to live as a normal American outside of Capitol Hill. I have been an ear and a shoulder for my constituents and many normal/working, people who are concerned and worried about the economy, civil rights, education, war and other legitimate fears. These conversations have compelled me to share the thoughts and sentiments of numerous citizens who have telephoned, faxed and e-mailed me about the dismal state of our Union. Mr. President, have you not noticed that there are others, actually the majority, in this country that do not subscribe to your very Republican morals, issues, and policies? On Tuesday when you speak to the nation, please tell us the real state of our Union and what you plan to do about it! The current situation under your leadership can be better labeled as a state of DISUNION . . . especially as it refers to your party's policies and positions on war, civil rights and the overall domestic agenda. In these times of domestic disarray and homeland alarm, you are acting as a playground bully picking fights on a global scale when there are more pressings issues in your own front yard. There is little doubt that world issues are very serious and unsettling today. But, the United States of America can not serve as world police, especially now when we are faced with a continuing battle for basic civil rights, the education of our children and the safety of our families right here at home. President Bush, you are taking a hard position and standing your ground on the wrong issues . . . and you're standing nearly alone. Major United Nations member countries have expressed their displeasure with your insistence upon a personal vendetta against Saddam Hussein. It is estimated that a new Bush war with Iraq will cost this country $6 billion to $9 billion per month! Wouldn't that money be better spent securing prescription drug coverage for our seniors, keeping hospitals open and operational or funding programs like No Child Left Behind and the Vote America Act that have cleared the legislative process but stand stagnant due to frozen resources. Wouldn't this country's most important resource, our young people, be better utilized as productive, college-educated members of society rather than soldiers in a war that nobody wants? Your insensitive, detached administration recently demonstrated its misguided position on civil rights in higher education for minorities and women. President Bush, your own educational career was aided by preferential treatment. The only difference between the University of Michigan's admissions policy and your educational career is that the Bush special treatment was based on affirmative influence rather than affirmative action. The Michigan policy is not far removed for other points systems that award advantages to the children of board members, graduates of the institution and major donors to the university. Your hypocritical stance on the Michigan guidelines totally ignored the fact that policies of this sort are more than necessary and only start to alleviate the social and economic shortfalls of the citizens they are designed to assist. Millions of people are concerned that with the recent attack on affirmative action will come an overall evaporation of all civil rights for minorities and women. Mr. President, would you please tell the American people how you plan to promote the attainment of diverse student bodies at institutions of higher education? We must equal the educational opportunities for less fortunate citizens so that those without the affirmative influence of a U.S. President and a grandfather who sits on the board of trustees at Yale can earn a quality/marketable education as well. Armed with such an education and life training, less affluent citizens will go on to have better paying jobs that will allow them to spend more on the necessities and spoils of life. What better way to stimulate the economy than to put more money in the hands of the largest section of the population of this country . . . the middle class American? Your new proposed tax plan would do nothing for the working American. Tax cuts will only put money in the pockets of those who already have it. Didn't you learn anything from your 2001 tax cuts which reversed the positive progression of the economy that was cultivated by the last administration and managed to bankrupt the country in record time? The Federal budget under your management has gone from a $236 billion surplus to a $159 billion deficit in merely 2 years . . . a $395 billion swing of our economic prosperity. Have you learned nothing from the $10 billion shortfall facing the state of Texas caused by your tax cuts as its governor? If we always do the same things we've always done, we will always get the same results we've always gotten! Mr. President, please tell us, the American people what you plan to do to regain the confirmed economic success of the Clinton administration that promoted the lowest unemployment numbers in decades, garnered higher wages and home purchases for the middle class, and saw industry and the stock markets flourish. Please address the fact that millions of Americans have lost their jobs, with their children being forced to leave college to come home to foreclosed homes and bankrupt parents. What ``is'' the true state of the Union? Mr. President, knowing your heart and compassion as I know it, would you please address the very real issues I've put forth for and with the American people. We all would like to hear a plan that will benefit the masses and put us back on the path to financial stability, civil and social equality, and PEACE at home and abroad. Sincerely, Eddie Bernice Johnson, Member of Congress.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, today, the House of Representatives passed an extension of unemployment insurance benefits for almost 3 million unemployed American workers. Although I was supportive of a much stronger unemployment compensation extension, one that would have provided benefits to an additional 1 million American workers whose benefits have expired, this legislation is albeit a small step in the right direction. I am pleased that we are finally able to provide some comfort for those touched by this recession. Relief for America's working families is long-overdue. With 95,000 workers exhausting their unemployment benefits each week, this is the kind of immediate assistance that we should have passed long ago. On December 28, 800,000 Americans lost their extended unemployment benefits. The Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation (TEUC) program ended on December 28 because the President and House Republicans rejected Democratic pleas to extend the TEUC program with a compromise bill that the Senate had passed unanimously. Initially, I was in full support of the House Democrats' comprehensive unemployment benefits bill introduced by Rep. Charlie Rangel. This Democratic bill would have reestablished and expanded the Federal extended unemployment benefits program. Most importantly, it would have guaranteed all jobless workers at least 26 weeks of extended benefits. Unfortunately, the House GOP leadership refused to allow a vote on this Democratic bill. Instead, they only allowed members to vote on their bill, which provides an extension of only 13 weeks of extended unemployment benefits, with no extension to workers whose benefits have already expired. Unemployment is higher now than it was when Congress first passed extended unemployment benefits in March of last year. In my home state of Texas, the most recent statistics from the Texas Workforce Commission report that 646,939 or 6 percent of the workers in Texas are unemployed and in Dallas County, the figures are 98,780 workers unemployed, or 7.2 percent. Unfortunately, some members of our society have suffered much worse than others. After September 11, the increase in unemployment rates for African Americans and Latinos was more than double that for whites. African Americans are losing their jobs at nearly twice the national average. Unemployment among African Americans soared to 11.2 percent last year and rose to 7.9 percent for Hispanics. Yet, the GOP allowed the Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation program to expire! Although we have passed this extension of unemployment benefits, our work is far from done. We will need to provide meaningful assistance to workers by passing health care relief for those who have lost their coverage along with their jobs. I also renew my call to provide immediate tax relief by exempting unemployment compensation from Federal taxes. These are the kinds of real benefits that we owe American families.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to the legacy of representation and positive activism that has been fostered by the Texas Legislative Black Caucus. On this its 30th anniversary, I would like to praise the Caucus members for their diligent continuation of a heritage of public service to the citizens of the great state of Texas. My gratitude and respect as well to the Honorable Senfronia Thompson, the Caucus's only active original members, for her dedicated and tireless service to the Caucus and the State. This group of state leaders has steadily fought to ensure that the policy priorities of Texas reflect the best interests of all of its citizens. The education, economic, civil and human rights initiatives have revolutionized state services and have helped ensure that all Texans are empowered to achieve the American dream. The Caucus will be hosting its statewide conference from February 5th through 9th, 2003. This year's poignant agenda and focus is entitled, ``Without Vision the People Perish.'' As Texas lawmakers prepare to continue their concentration on such issues as Education, health Care, Insurance, Criminal Justice, Business & Industry, and Elections, the Texas Legislative Black Caucus will assert its energies to ensure that the masses of Texas are properly represented. No other organization is better suited or possesses a better track record of being accountable and holding other lawmakers accountable for the betterment of the lives of Texas citizens. I am certain that the conference will once again be a tremendous success. Mr. Speaker, I ask that the United States Congress join me in paying honor and tribute to the 16 members of the Texas Legislative Black Caucus as they continue their critical fight for all Texas families.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Madam Speaker, on January 27, 2003, I unfortunately missed two recorded votes on suspension bills, House Resolution 25, and House Resolution 26, due to a minor surgery. Madam Speaker, on rollcall No. 13, honoring the contributions of Catholic schools (House Resolution 26), had I been present, I would have voted ``yea.'' I ask unanimous consent that my statement appear in the Record. Madam Speaker, on rollcall No. 14, supporting efforts to promote greater awareness of the need for youth mentors and increased involvement with youth through mentoring (House Resolution 25), had I been present, I would have voted ``yea.'' I ask unanimous consent that my statement appear in the Record.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor a legendary athlete, philanthropist and role model, Dallas Cowboys running back Emmitt J. Smith III, for his exceptional achievements on and off the playing field. On Sunday, October 27, 2002, Smith made history by becoming the National Football League's all-time leading rusher, surpassing late Chicago Bears great Walter Payton. With a powerful, 11-yard carry against the Seattle Seahawks, Smith pushed his career total in rushing yardage to the 16,728 mark, moving him two yards ahead of the record that Payton (16,726) set in 1987. However, his achievement as the NFL's all-time top rusher is just one of many accomplishments that Smith can boast. Throughout his 13-year career in professional football, he has compiled an outstanding resume of accomplishments as a star running back and valued teammate. He has led the Dallas Cowboys to three Super Bowl titles while also claiming Super Bowl MVP honors. In 1993, he won the National Football League Most Valuable Player Award. Smith is the winner of four NFL rushing titles and is the first player in NFL history to rush for over 1,000 yards in 11 consecutive seasons. He is also the NFL's career rushing touchdown leader. What's more, he has accomplished all of these goals while wearing a Dallas Cowboys uniform, making him a hometown hero for the Thirtieth Congressional District of Texas and the entire Dallas-Fort Worth area. His performances on the field are only overshadowed by one thing: his incredible public service off the field. Smith has become Dallas's goodwill ambassador to the world through his dedication to improving the lives of young people everywhere. His work to aid programs for youth and children in a range of areas from student mentoring to anti-drug education to physical fitness is impressive. Among the numerous activities Smith has championed throughout his career, he has served as the Cowboys' United Way spokesman and supported Big Brothers/Big Sisters, The Kidney Foundation, Oak Cliff (TX) Little League, Buckner Children's Home of Texas, The Salvation Army, American Lung Association, the Battered and Abused Children's Foundation, B.A.D (Boxers Against Drugs) and Theater Arts for Youth. He has also worked with children through the Make-A- Wish Foundation, hosting many visits at the Cowboys' Valley Ranch practice facility during the season. Smith also co-founded the Open Doors Foundation, a not-for-profit that supports organizations and faith-based programs to provide educational, motivational and financial services to today's youth, with a special emphasis on narrowing the digital divide. In June 2002, he was appointed by President Bush to serve on the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports and educate millions of American children about the importance of staying healthy. Mr. Speaker, for all of his record-breaking, awe-inspiring athletic achievements, for all his selfless work in the community to serve as a role model for youth and to help those less fortunate, and for his time spent as an outstanding husband, father, and citizen, I rise to salute Emmitt Smith. He is a Texas treasure and a national icon, and I join the legions of Dallas Cowboy fans in congratulating him and his family on this momentous occasion. Go Cowboys!

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in reluctant opposition to the Homeland Security Act today. There is not one Member of Congress who does not want to stand in a united front in our war against terrorism. And like all Members of this body, I recognize the importance of strengthening homeland security. The people of the 30th Congressional District of Texas have entrusted me to do both. However, in keeping with that trust, I could not vote for legislation that creates a sprawling bureaucracy while leaving so many important security questions unanswered. Let me be clear that I remain committed to providing all of the resources necessary to combat terrorism through a strong, efficient Department of Homeland Security. I am also extremely supportive of the provision in this legislation that extends the December 31, 2002 deadline an additional year for airports to install explosives detection equipment. In my district in Texas, DFW Airport desperately needs more time to install the equipment necessary for the baggage screening deadline. I worked with leadership to ensure DFW would be granted this extension, and I commend negotiators of this legislation for including this desperately needed provision. Unfortunately, the underlying legislation remains unacceptable for a number of reasons, and I must oppose the bill. I strongly oppose the provision in this legislation that will arm commercial airline pilots and strip away civil service protections for our nation's federal workers. As I have repeatedly said during this debate, arming pilots is simply not the answer to improving our airline security. If we truly want to increase safety aboard our nation's aircraft, we should concentrate our resources on putting Air Marshals on 100 percent of all flights. I must continue to stress to my colleagues that there are many unanswered questions as to whether widespread arming of pilots would create more safety hazards than security benefits. I also remain concerned that Republicans, under the guise of homeland security, have made this legislation on assault on the civil service protections of our nation's federal workers. Among its provisions, legislation would allow DHS to arbitrarily reduce salaries of employees without giving them a legitimate appeals process comparable to employees of other federal departments. I cannot support this attempt to rob workers of their key employment protections. I am also concerned about the disregard the formation of DHS has shown for the committee process. When the Science Committee marked up the Homeland Security legislation in July, I offered an amendment that would have aligned federally funded research at the new department with existing policies at the Departments of Defense and Energy. My amendment was based upon a sound, proven policy for dealing with classified research as articulated in 1985 by former President Ronald Reagan in National Security Decision Directive 189. My amendment was adopted by a bipartisan majority of almost 2 to 1. Yet when the Homeland Security legislation proceeded to the Select Committee, my amendment was stripped from the Science Committee's mark. When I asked my friend and colleague from North Texas, Mr. Armey, why an amendment that passed in committee with overwhelming support was not included, he told me that the Science Committee did not support the amendment. I was unable to offer my amendment on the floor of the House, presumably for the same reason. As a result, once the Department of Homeland Security is signed into law, we will have federal agencies that conduct classified research in two very different ways, regardless of the fact that one of these ways has been proven to be sound policy in its almost two decades of use. This is very unfortunate, because it is contrary to the expert advice provided at the Science Committee's October 10, 2002, hearing entitled, ``Conducting Research During the War on Terrorism: Balancing Openness and Security''. Witnesses from academia and the Bush Administration attested to the wisdom of NSDD-189 and how it has been a guiding principle in conducting federally funded classified research. It is my sincere hope that Congress will heed the advice of expert witnesses and two decades of proven science policy and reconsider the guidelines for federally funded classified research at the new DHS. I realize that this legislation will pass today, and as I have mentioned, I sincerely wish I could lend my support to it in extending the current deadline for screening all checked baggage with explosive detection equipment. But since this bill includes provisions that will diminish aviation security and protections, I regret that I must vote against this bill.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I want to use this minute to say that I want to thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Ney), whom I visited the very first day of the session to talk about this, and the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Hoyer), who stayed the course, and Senator Dodd and the Senate who led the deliberations in the Senate. There was such an overwhelming outcry from this Nation and internationally that came to the Black Caucus after January 6, 2001, that we knew we had to act. This became the number one priority for the Congressional Black Caucus to do something about election reform. The faith in the system had gone. Today hopefully it will start to restore it. This is not to say this is a perfect bill, but it is to say that it is a major, major step in the right direction; and we hope that the President will keep his word to me. He made it a public statement when he said he will support it, and he would see that the money would be in the budget. We appreciate it; and, Mr. Speaker, this is the civil rights bill of the new millennium. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 3295, a bill that will restore integrity to our nation's voting system. I strongly urge my colleagues to support this legislation. Mr. Speaker, today is a proud day for the Congressional Black Caucus. Throughout this Congress, election reform has been our number one legislative priority. On January 6, 2001, our Members walked out of this chamber to protest the voting irregularities and intimidation that resulted in a President who was appointed by the Supreme Court, rather than elected by the people. We said we would not rest until the right to vote of every American was protected. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to say that after 21 months of floor speeches and field hearings, we are very, very close to delivering on our word. Now, this legislation is not perfect. But it is a tremendous step forward. And, with the 2002 elections just a mere 26 days away, and the 2004 elections on the horizon, it's time to move the ball down the field. It's time to implement the centralized voter registration and standardized balloting called for by this bill. It's time that we fund training and technical assistance programs to educate poll workers and replace faulty voting machinery. And it's time to implement provisional balloting, so that no voter will get turned away from the polls if their eligibility is challenged. These provisions will all go a long way toward correcting the disenfranchisement that we witnessed in 2000. However, because I believe that these regulations should be enacted quickly, I am concerned that this legislation gives states waivers to push back their deadlines for many of these protections. I am also troubled that this legislation authorizes funding for these programs without appropriating the $3.9 billion dollars that they will require. Lastly, for far too long, we have seen voting regulations corrupted and used to deny the votes of millions of people, especially people of color. We must remain vigilant that the voter protections in this legislation are implemented evenly and effectively. And we must ensure that they are enforced with the full weight of our justice system. Our work is cut out for us. It is easy to see that this legislation is really only the beginning. But it is a good beginning. Now, I must thank the Members of the Conference Committee from both Chambers for working many, many late nights to complete their work on this legislation. In particular, I would like to thank the gentleman from Maryland, Mr. Hoyer, who has been battling to extend these important protections to our nation's voters. I would also like to commend Chairman Ney for his work in helping reach this compromise. Finally, let me thank the Members of the Congressional Black Caucus for their extraordinary work. In particular, I must commend the gentleman from Michigan, Mr. Conyers, for his leadership in co- authorizing one of the original House election reform bills and for working to ensure that this bill became a reality. As I conclude, let me remind my colleagues: The time to improve our elections system is now. We must make sure all Americans can register to vote, remain on the rolls once registered, vote free from harassment, and have those votes counted. I believe that this bill achieves those goals. I call upon my colleagues to vote in favor of this legislation today. Mr. Speaker, we must act before another day has passed.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from New Jersey for yielding me this time. I rise before my colleagues today with a high degree of frustration as we consider the grave prospect of authorizing the President to send our uniformed men and women into military action in Iraq. I believe I speak for all Members of Congress when I say that I am awed by the moral weight of this decision. We all know that any military action would likely lead to an immediate and substantial loss of human life and have untold implications on the security of our Nation in years to come. Madam Speaker, no one desires to be on the opposite side of our President in times like these, but I regret to tell my colleagues that I am unable to support this resolution in its present form. I would like to add to the Record the statement issued by the Congressional Black Caucus outlining specific principles we believe must be addressed before military action should occur: ``We oppose a unilateral, first-strike action by the United States without a clearly demonstrated and imminent threat of attack on the United States. ``Only Congress has the authority to declare war. ``Every conceivable diplomatic option must be exhausted. ``A unilateral first strike would undermine the moral authority of the United States, destabilize the Middle East region and undermine the ability of our Nation to address unmet domestic priorities. ``Further, any post-strike plan for maintaining stability in the region would be costly and require a long-term commitment.'' Madam Speaker, I believe that the President has failed to address these principles. There is no doubt that Saddam Hussein's regime poses a threat to the Iraqi people, to his neighbors in the Middle East, to the United States, and to the world at large with his biological and chemical weapons and his nuclear program ongoing. For this reason, I cannot unequivocally count future military action out in the face of this legitimate threat. However, I strongly believe that the most effective way of combating this menace is by solidifying the support of the international community and acting within the auspices of the United Nations, not by acting unilaterally. In the 1990s, we made significant progress in conjunction with our international allies through the United Nations weapons inspection program which led to the destruction of 40,000 chemical weapons, 100,000 gallons of chemicals used to manufacture weapons, 48 missiles, 30 warheads, and a massive biological weapons facility equipped to produce anthrax. Inspections are a proven, nonviolent, and internationally supported method of thwarting Iraq's acquisition of weapons material and technology. What is more, a clear majority of the American people want us to give the inspectors the opportunity to work before we take military action. To this end, I am not convinced that giving the President the authority to launch a unilateral, first-strike attack on Iraq is the appropriate course of action at this time. While I believe that under international law and under the authority of our Constitution, the United States must maintain the option to act in its own self-defense, I strongly believe that the administration has not provided evidence of an imminent threat of attack on the United States that would justify a unilateral strike. I also believe that actions alone, without exhausting peaceful options, could seriously harm global support for our war on terrorism and distract our own resources from this cause. I am disappointed that those who favor this resolution make no mention of the long-term commitment for nation-building that will be necessary in order to maintain stability in the Middle East region following an attack on Iraq. Thus far, this administration has not made public any plans for our role in Iraq in the years to come, if not decades, after the attack. I cannot imagine that any of us believe this administration and our Nation is prepared to orchestrate and assume the entire financial burden of economic reconstruction, democratization, and nation-building that would be necessary to stabilize post-conflict Iraq. Let us not forget that this Congress would have to authorize aid for this long- term task at a time when we are still engaged in the Balkans and have only recently started to help in Afghanistan. Furthermore, our Nation's economic recovery demands our immediate attention; and I am disturbed by reports that our Nation's poverty rate, joblessness, and health care costs continue to rise at the same time personal wealth and retirement savings are being desecrated. I fear the prospect of military action in Iraq will further distract our attention from an ominous economic outlook. So, before we undertake military operations in Iraq, we must ask ourselves some very basic questions: Does a war with Iraq improve our national security? Does it allow the United States to make peace through the power of our example? Does it allow us to focus on the economic suffering of our own people? Madam Speaker, I believe the answer is a resounding ``no.'' Therefore, I regret that I cannot vote with the President for this resolution.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise to underscore the importance of protecting the Social Security system from the dangers of privatization. We already know that Social Security is keeping tens of millions of older Americans out of poverty. Two-thirds of our senior citizens rely on Social Security for more than half of their income. In addition to our seniors, 14 million Americans also rely on Social Security to provide vital disability or survivor benefits every month. When we consider who will be impacted, it is easy to see why my colleagues in the Republican Party are ducking the debate on privatization. After all, the success of these plans rests on the performance of the same equity markets that have lost $4.5 trillion in the last 18 months. So I really do not blame them for wanting to dodge the question or wanting to play down previous endorsements of privatizing Social Security. After all, the safety net of Social Security has never been more important, especially in light of the staggering losses to retirement savings plans under this administration's failed economic policies. In 2001 alone, 401(k) plans lost roughly $210 billion, while individual retirement accounts shed an additional $230 billion. So it is no surprise that Republicans do not want to talk about the fact that their privatization plan will result in benefit cuts up to 40 percent. They do not want to talk about the fact that privatizing Social Security could force workers to delay their retirement in order to collect full benefits. They do not want to talk about the fact that benefit cuts would impact all beneficiaries, even those who choose not to open personal accounts, and Republicans certainly do not want to talk about the $2 trillion that would be siphoned away from the trust fund in order to set up these private accounts. After all, who wants to call attention to the fact that taking a mere 2 percent of payroll taxes away from the trust fund can double or triple the size of the Federal deficit. It is not a pretty picture. However, this debate is simply too important for us to allow our colleagues to stick their heads in the sand or to defer their plans to undermine the system until after the 2002 elections, and I also think it is especially important to set the record straight on privatization because there are some people out there who want to paint Social Security as a bad deal for African Americans and other people of color. In fact, one recent Republican political ad even went so far as to label Social Security as reverse reparations, a false and truly offensive claim against a program that provides the only guaranteed safety net for millions of African American men, women, and children. We must never forget that Social Security is the single most important source for African American retirees, providing on average three-quarters of their retirement income. We must also dispel the myth that private accounts would be good for African Americans. Privatization undermines the guaranteed benefits that keep millions of African American seniors out of poverty, and it undermines the system's progressive benefits structure which helps minorities compensate for a lifetime average of lower wages and less savings. I believe that these risks are unacceptable. Protecting the financial security of our seniors and our most vulnerable is a social compact that was forged with the greatest generation, and now we have a responsibility to protect this system for our children's generations. To that end, I believe that the only course of action is a fair and balanced debate about the future of Social Security. Our constituents deserve to hear an honest conversation about what will happen if we put our faith and our retirement savings in the stock market. They deserve to hear what plans Members have to guarantee Social Security benefits before they go to the polls in November, and they deserve to see us roll up our sleeves and get to work on protecting their retirement security. Mr. Speaker, let us debate Social Security privatization now. It is much too important to wait.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 5531, the Sudan Peace Act. I would like to acknowledge the vital role that Representative Payne and other Members of the Congressional Black Caucus played in the development of this legislation. H.R. 5331, while not perfect, represents an important step forward on the road to peace for Africa's longest civil war that has already killed more than 2 million people and displaced more than 4 million. I am disappointed that the capital market sanctions of the original Sudan Peace Act were stripped from this legislation. However, the bill before us today makes the express link between oil and the Government of Sudan's intention to use future revenues to expand the war into areas beyond its control. The legislation replaces the capital market sanctions with a certification process that instructs the President to certify whether the Government of Sudan is making progress towards peace. If the Government of Sudan is at fault for obstructing peace negotiations, the President is instructed to pursue multilateral sanctions through the United Nations. While I would have preferred to see the sanctions in the original bill remain in place, an important compromise has been reached that enables this legislation to move forward. Most importantly, the Sudan Peace Act authorizes $300 million over three years for assistance to the people of southern Sudan. These funds, if appropriated, will lay the groundwork for peace and democratic governance, by including support for civil administration, communication infrastructure, education, health, and agriculture. H.R. 5531 maintains the pressure on warring parties to resolve their conflict, demonstrates the continued interest of the United States in finding a lasting peace in this troubled nation, and provides desperately needed assistance for the people of southern Sudan. I urge my colleagues to support this legislation.

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas

Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of the Motion to Instruct Conferees on H.R. 3295, introduced by the gentlewoman from Florida, Mrs. Meek. Mr. Speaker, it is time for the Members of Conference Committee to convene a public meeting, finish their work on this legislation, and report it out. It is time to have a final election reform bill on the floor of the House of Representatives. We've waited long enough. For the past three weeks now, I have joined a number of Members at this podium and recounted how allegations of voter intimidation, inaccurate voter registration lists, arbitrary ballot counting standards and antiquated machinery deprived so many citizens of their right to vote during the 2000 election. Just last week, we called for the House-Senate Conference Committee to complete their work by no later than October 1st. Unfortunately, yet another week has come and gone, and still we have no election reform bill. How can we go home to our Districts and look our constituents in the eye if we fail to enact legislation to protect this most sacred right, a right that is the cornerstone of our democracy? Recent primary elections in Florida and elsewhere have only confirmed that the problems of the 2000 elections will still haunt us until we pass legislation to enact meaningful election reform standards. We in Congress have legislation almost within our grasp that will take giant strides to remedy the disenfranchisement of the last election. We must pass this bill, and we must send it to the President for his signature before another day passes. Now, it has taken a substantial amount of work to get us where we are today. I believe all Members of the Conference Committee deserve our gratitude for their work on this difficult issue. I would also like to salute my colleagues in the Congressional Black Caucus for fighting to make ``every vote count''. But while I recognize these individuals for their hard work, I want to remind all of them that our work will be for naught if we fail to pass this legislation. In just 34 days, Americans across the country will go to the polls to cast ballots for their elected representatives. Congress must act immediately to ensure that every American has the right to vote and to have their vote counted. Time is running out for the 107th Congress. We've come so close to compromise, and the price for not passing election reform is far too high. It's time to quit wasting time. I call on the Conference Committee finish its hard work, convene a public meeting, and come to an agreement before October 4, 2002. We cannot afford to let this opportunity slip away.