Richard Lugar

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, the bill at the desk is introduced on behalf of myself, Senators Specter, Dodd, Graham, and Schumer. I am pleased to join my good friends and colleagues, Senators Specter and Dodd, in introducing a revised version of the Free Flow of Information Act. I believe that the free flow of information essential element of democracy. In order for the United States to foster the spread of freedom and democracy globally, it is incumbent that we first support an open and free press nationally. The role of the media as a conduit between government and the citizens it serves must not be devalued. Unfortunately, the free flow of information to citizens of the United States is inhibited. Over 30 reporters were recently served or threatened with jail sentences in at least four different Federal jurisdictions for refusing to reveal confidential sources. I fear the end result of such actions is that many whistleblowers will refuse to come forward and reporters will be unable to provide our constituents with information they have a right to know. In 1972, the Supreme Court held in Branzburg v. Hayes, that reporters did not have an absolute privilege as third party witnesses to protect their sources from prosecutors. Since Branzburg, every State and the District of Columbia, excluding Wyoming has created a privilege for reporters not to reveal their confidential sources. My own State of Indiana provides qualified reporters an absolute protection from having to reveal any such information in court. The Federal courts of appeals, however, have an incongruent view of this matter. Each circuit has addressed the question of the privilege in a different manner. Some circuits allow the privilege in one category of cases, while others, have expressed skepticism about whether any privilege exists at all. Congress should clarify the extraordinary differences of opinion in the Federal courts of appeals and the effect they have on undermining the general policy of protection already in place among the States. Likewise, the ambiguity between official Department of Justice rules and unofficial criteria used to secure media subpoenas is unacceptable. There is an urgent need for Congress to state clear and concise policy guidance. Senators Specter, Dodd, and I have introduced legislation today that preserves the free flow of information to the public by providing the press the ability to obtain and protect confidential sources. It provides journalists with certain rights and abilities to sources and report appropriate information without fear of intimidation or imprisonment. This bill sets national standards, based on Department of Justice guidelines, for subpoenas issued to reporters by the Federal Government. Our legislation promotes greater transparency of government, maintains the ability of the courts to operate effectively, and protects the whistleblowers that identify government or corporate misdeeds and protect national security. It is also important to note what this legislation does not do. The legislation does not permit rule breaking, give reporters a license to break the law, or permit reporters to interfere with crimes prevention efforts. Furthermore, the Free Flow of Information Act does not weaken national security nor restrict law enforcement. Additional protections have been added to this bill to ensure that information will be disclosed in cases where the guilt or innocence of a criminal is in question, in cases where a reporter was an eye witness to a crime, and in cases where the information is critical to prevent death or bodily harm. The national security exception and continued strict standards relating to classified information will ensure that reporters are protected while maintaining an avenue for prosecution and disclosure when considering the defense of our country. Reporters Without Borders has reported that more than 100 journalists are currently in jail around the world, with more than half in China, Cuba, and Burma. This is not good company for the United States of America. Global public opinion is always on the lookout to advertise perceived American double standards. I believe that passage of this bill would have positive diplomatic consequences. This legislation not only confirms America's constitutional commitment to press freedom, it also advances President Bush's American foreign policy initiatives to promote and protect democracy. When we support the development of free and independent press organizations worldwide, it is important to maintain these ideals at home. In conclusion, I thank, again, my colleagues, Senator Specter, the distinguished chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and Senator Dodd for their tireless work on this issue. With their assistance, I look forward to working with each of my colleagues to ensure that the free flow of information is unimpeded.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, the bill at the desk is introduced on behalf of myself, Senators Specter, Dodd, Graham, and Schumer. I am pleased to join my good friends and colleagues, Senators Specter and Dodd, in introducing a revised version of the Free Flow of Information Act. I believe that the free flow of information essential element of democracy. In order for the United States to foster the spread of freedom and democracy globally, it is incumbent that we first support an open and free press nationally. The role of the media as a conduit between government and the citizens it serves must not be devalued. Unfortunately, the free flow of information to citizens of the United States is inhibited. Over 30 reporters were recently served or threatened with jail sentences in at least four different Federal jurisdictions for refusing to reveal confidential sources. I fear the end result of such actions is that many whistleblowers will refuse to come forward and reporters will be unable to provide our constituents with information they have a right to know. In 1972, the Supreme Court held in Branzburg v. Hayes, that reporters did not have an absolute privilege as third party witnesses to protect their sources from prosecutors. Since Branzburg, every State and the District of Columbia, excluding Wyoming has created a privilege for reporters not to reveal their confidential sources. My own State of Indiana provides qualified reporters an absolute protection from having to reveal any such information in court. The Federal courts of appeals, however, have an incongruent view of this matter. Each circuit has addressed the question of the privilege in a different manner. Some circuits allow the privilege in one category of cases, while others, have expressed skepticism about whether any privilege exists at all. Congress should clarify the extraordinary differences of opinion in the Federal courts of appeals and the effect they have on undermining the general policy of protection already in place among the States. Likewise, the ambiguity between official Department of Justice rules and unofficial criteria used to secure media subpoenas is unacceptable. There is an urgent need for Congress to state clear and concise policy guidance. Senators Specter, Dodd, and I have introduced legislation today that preserves the free flow of information to the public by providing the press the ability to obtain and protect confidential sources. It provides journalists with certain rights and abilities to sources and report appropriate information without fear of intimidation or imprisonment. This bill sets national standards, based on Department of Justice guidelines, for subpoenas issued to reporters by the Federal Government. Our legislation promotes greater transparency of government, maintains the ability of the courts to operate effectively, and protects the whistleblowers that identify government or corporate misdeeds and protect national security. It is also important to note what this legislation does not do. The legislation does not permit rule breaking, give reporters a license to break the law, or permit reporters to interfere with crimes prevention efforts. Furthermore, the Free Flow of Information Act does not weaken national security nor restrict law enforcement. Additional protections have been added to this bill to ensure that information will be disclosed in cases where the guilt or innocence of a criminal is in question, in cases where a reporter was an eye witness to a crime, and in cases where the information is critical to prevent death or bodily harm. The national security exception and continued strict standards relating to classified information will ensure that reporters are protected while maintaining an avenue for prosecution and disclosure when considering the defense of our country. Reporters Without Borders has reported that more than 100 journalists are currently in jail around the world, with more than half in China, Cuba, and Burma. This is not good company for the United States of America. Global public opinion is always on the lookout to advertise perceived American double standards. I believe that passage of this bill would have positive diplomatic consequences. This legislation not only confirms America's constitutional commitment to press freedom, it also advances President Bush's American foreign policy initiatives to promote and protect democracy. When we support the development of free and independent press organizations worldwide, it is important to maintain these ideals at home. In conclusion, I thank, again, my colleagues, Senator Specter, the distinguished chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and Senator Dodd for their tireless work on this issue. With their assistance, I look forward to working with each of my colleagues to ensure that the free flow of information is unimpeded.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. About 5 minutes.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I am pleased to rise today to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Indiana, TMMI, and their operation of the state-of-the-art production facility in Princeton, IN. The continuing success of TMMI and the nearly 5,000 team members at the facility demonstrate the remarkable capabilities of many Hoosiers as they work together as innovators and leaders of the automotive industry in Indiana, the United States, and abroad. In addition to TMMI important leadership in the automotive industry, the company's more than $2.6 billion investment in Princeton and surrounding communities has been an important engine of economic growth and development in southwestern Indiana. A study by the University of Evansville concluded that TMMI's production in Princeton has created 8,865 jobs in Gibson County, 12,990 in the Evansville metropolitan area, and 31,385 across the State of Indiana. TMMI's investment has resulted in more than $5.5 billion in business sales. This economic activity has strengthened communities and improved lives across the State. I am also pleased that TMMI's dedication to the State of Indiana will be growing in the coming years. In March, I had the privilege of sharing with my fellow Hoosiers news that Toyota will begin production of the Camry in Lafayette. It is expected that this venture will create an additional 1,000 jobs in Indiana. This decision signals a recognition by Toyota that the highly skilled Hoosier workforce and attractive business climate in Indiana will allow them to achieve their goals in the coming years. I am hopeful that you will join me in congratulating Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Indiana, and in wishing them many years of success and leadership in Indiana.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Pharmaceutical Technology and Education Enhancement Act. The legislation that I introduce today would improve pharmaceutical and biotechnological development and manufacturing through education and research at our nation's institutions of higher education. By expanding pharmaceutical science, technology and engineering research within our universities, this bill aims to expedite the drug manufacturing process, thereby producing quality pharmaceuticals at a more affordable cost to consumers. In 1999, 8.2 percent of total health care spending in the United States was attributed to prescription drugs. By 2010, prescription drugs are expected to account for 14 percent of our nation's health care spending. In addition, the average cost of bringing a new drug to market has risen 50 percent in the last five years, now costing as much as $1,700,000,000. The trend of rising pharmaceutical costs is disturbing as it discourages innovation and impedes efforts to fight disease and address important public health concerns. High pharmaceutical manufacturing costs associated with outdated manufacturing processes significantly contribute to the rising cost of prescription drugs and overall health care in our country. This legislation would establish a partnership between the Food and Drug Administration and other federal agencies, the pharmaceutical and medical industries, and the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Education whose member institutions include Purdue University, in my home state of Indiana, and ten other exemplary research universities throughout the country. This collaboration will expand the ability of those in the academic research field to contribute to the medical technology and pharmaceutical industries to create better quality products with more efficient, less costly manufacturing. Without a change in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process, health care costs in this country will continue to rise and prevalent public health concerns will remain unanswered. Engaging the academic community in this process is vital and I urge my colleagues to join me as co- sponsors of this important legislation.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, today, I rise to introduce ``The U.S. Ambassador for ASEAN Act'', which signals the importance of bolstering the U.S.-ASEAN relationship for our mutual benefit. ASEAN was originally established in 1967. The founding Members, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, remain as anchor participants of ASEAN today. Overall membership has expanded, with ten countries now comprising ASEAN. Over the years, ASEAN has contributed to regional stability in East Asia and has partnered with the United States to combat global terror. In addition to promoting regional peace and stability, ASEAN is committed to accelerating economic growth, social progress, and cultural development. ASEAN is the third largest export market for United States products, and has received approximately $90 billion in direct investment from U.S. sources. Nearly 40,000 ASEAN students are studying in the United States. The United States maintains bilateral relationships with the ASEAN Member countries. However, as ASEAN develops an integrated free trade area and addresses matters of common concern with the United States-- ranging from environmental and financial challenges to avian influenza and terrorism--it is appropriate for the United States to enhance its overall relationship with ASEAN. With this in mind, my legislation establishes the position of U.S. Ambassador for ASEAN, subject to advice and consent of the Senate. I believe this initiative will be an important step in advancing an already positive relationship. In addition, I am hopeful that once the position is established, the U.S. Ambassador to ASEAN will help facilitate ongoing implementation of the ASEAN-U.S. Enhanced Partnership, announced last November by ASEAN leaders and President Bush.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, today, I rise to introduce ``The U.S. Ambassador for ASEAN Act'', which signals the importance of bolstering the U.S.-ASEAN relationship for our mutual benefit. ASEAN was originally established in 1967. The founding Members, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, remain as anchor participants of ASEAN today. Overall membership has expanded, with ten countries now comprising ASEAN. Over the years, ASEAN has contributed to regional stability in East Asia and has partnered with the United States to combat global terror. In addition to promoting regional peace and stability, ASEAN is committed to accelerating economic growth, social progress, and cultural development. ASEAN is the third largest export market for United States products, and has received approximately $90 billion in direct investment from U.S. sources. Nearly 40,000 ASEAN students are studying in the United States. The United States maintains bilateral relationships with the ASEAN Member countries. However, as ASEAN develops an integrated free trade area and addresses matters of common concern with the United States-- ranging from environmental and financial challenges to avian influenza and terrorism--it is appropriate for the United States to enhance its overall relationship with ASEAN. With this in mind, my legislation establishes the position of U.S. Ambassador for ASEAN, subject to advice and consent of the Senate. I believe this initiative will be an important step in advancing an already positive relationship. In addition, I am hopeful that once the position is established, the U.S. Ambassador to ASEAN will help facilitate ongoing implementation of the ASEAN-U.S. Enhanced Partnership, announced last November by ASEAN leaders and President Bush.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, as we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the annual 3-mile Capitol Challenge race, we reflect upon the history of this event and how it has brought together members of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Federal Government with members of the print and electronic media through exercise and fellowship. Since the first race in 1981, which was held in East Potomac Park, annual proceeds and registration fees have benefited the Special Olympics. During the ensuing years, the race has evolved to a new location and expanded to accommodate and increasing number of participants. In 2002, the race moved from the fall to the spring while also moving from East Potomac Park to Anacostia Park. Current races bring out more than 650-700 participants each year, including 30-35 Members of Congress. It has been estimated that, since the first race in 1981, over 15,000 runners have competed, and of those 15,000 runners, nearly 800 Members of Congress have participated. Furthermore, each year a celebrity runner has joined the race which brings enthusiasm to the morning's event while running and helping to present the following awards. 1st Place Overall 1st Senator 1st Representative 1st Cabinet Department or Independent Agency Head 1st Sub-Cabinet 1st Judge 1st Print Journalist 1st Electronic Journalist Top Three Captains (or equivalent) *Age 60-69 Top Three Captains (or equivalent) *Age 70 and over Male and Female Divisions for Above Awards Top Two Senate Teams Top Two House Teams Top Two Judicial Teams Top Two Executive Teams Top Two Print Teams Top Two Print Media Teams Top Two Electronic Media Teams To commemorate the 25th running of the Capitol Challenge race I am including for the Record the dates of each of the previous races. Nike Capital Challenge--September 10, 1981 Nike Capital Challenge--September 9, 1982 Nike Capital Challenge--September 15, 1983 Nike Capital Challenge--September 13, 1984 Nike Capital Challenge--September 12, 1985 Nike Capital Challenge--September 11, 1986 Nike Capital Challenge--September 15, 1987 Nike Capital Challenge--September 15, 1988 Nike Capital Challenge--September 14, 1989 Nike Capital Challenge--September 13, 1990 Nike Capital Challenge--September 12, 1991 Nike Capital Challenge--September 17, 1992 Nike Capital Challenge--September 15, 1993 Nike Capital Challenge--September 21, 1994 Nike Capital Challenge--September 20, 1995 Nike Capital Challenge--September 18, 1996 SGMA Capital Challenge--September 17, 1997 SGMA Capital Challenge--September 16, 1998 SGMA Capital Challenge--September 15, 1999 SGMA Capital Challenge--September 13, 2000 SGMA Capital Challenge--May 1, 2002 SGMA Capital Challenge--May 7, 2003 ACLI Capital Challenge--May 5, 2004 ACLI Capital Challenge--May 11, 2005 ACLI Capital Challenge--May 3, 2006 Additionally, I would like to give special thanks to Mr. Jeff Darman for his important public service as race director of the Capital Challenge and for his vision in founding the race. Jeff has served as the race director for every race and he provides tireless leadership in its organization by obtaining needed permits and resources for its resounding success. I hope that you will join me in wishing competitors safety and success as they compete this year and for the continuing success for many years to come.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to submit a resolution that calls upon the United States to lead the discussion at NATO headquarters of the role the alliance could play in energy security. It further calls upon the President to submit to Congress a report that details ``a strategy for NATO to develop secure, sustainable, and reliable sources of energy, including contingency plans if current energy resources are put at risk.'' NATO is now facing new challenges and new priorities. To be fully relevant to the security and well-being of the people of its member nations, NATO must think and act globally. International developments are calling attention to the growing importance of energy security for NATO member countries and other nonmember partners. Dependence on imports of oil and natural gas from limited numbers of countries with state-controlled reserves makes NATO member countries vulnerable to political manipulation of supply. On a global scale, increased competition for finite supplies of oil and gas could lead to conflict that would directly involve NATO member states. This is why the resolution urges that the United States energy security message to NATO members include attention toward sustainable fuels and preparedness for supply disruption. As the alliance focuses on a clearer definition of its purpose in the 21st century, I believe that it is important to show congressional support for NATO playing a role in energy security.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I am pleased to rise today in order to join my fellow Hoosiers in celebrating the 125th Anniversary of St. Vincent Health. Over the span of those 125 years, St. Vincent Health has grown into one of the largest health care systems in the State of Indiana, with 16 facilities serving 45 counties. April 26, 2006, marks Founder's Day, the culmination of a year-long celebration which began on November 29, 2005, during which the 11,500 associates of St. Vincent and the communities they serve will commemorate this important milestone. This year Founder's Day will include the unveiling of a statue to commemorate the four Daughters of Charity who came to Indianapolis to start what is now known as St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital and the 125 years of service that resulted from their remarkable work. Like so many of my fellow Hoosiers, I am grateful for the important services that the associates of St. Vincent Health provide each day to Hoosiers in their time of need.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, as Members are aware, Nepal has been gripped by demonstrations in support of democracy for the past 20 days. At least 14 Nepali citizens have been killed in these protests and hundreds more injured. The demonstrations follow 14 months of direct rule by King Gyanendra and February 8, 2006, municipal elections that the State Department characterized as a ``hollow attempt by the King to legitimize his power.'' I am submitting today a resolution expressing the Senate's support for the reconvening of the Nepali parliament and for an immediate, peaceful transition to a democratic political process in the country. This resolution urges the King, political parties, and Maoists to support a process that returns the country to multi-party democracy and creates the conditions for peace and stability in the country.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Cooperative Proliferation Detection, Interdiction Assistance, and Conventional Threat Reduction Act of 2006. This bill is based upon the legislation that Senator Obama and I introduced last year by the same name. Over the last six months we have worked closely with the Administration and the Department of State on legislation to improve U.S. programs focused on conventional weapons dismantlement and counter-proliferation assistance more effective and efficient. The Lugar-Obama bill launches two major weapons dismantlement and counterproliferation initiatives. Modeled after the Nunn-Lugar program, which dismantles weapons of mass destruction in the former Soviet Union and beyond, our legislation seeks to build cooperative relationships with willing countries to secure vulnerable stockpiles of conventional weapons and strengthen barriers against WMD falling into terrorist's hands. The first part of our legislation energizes U.S. programs to dismantle MANPADS and large stockpiles of other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems. There may be as many as 750,000 MANPADS in arsenals worldwide. The State Department estimates that more than 40 civilian aircraft have been hit by such weapons since the 1970's. In addition loose stocks of small arms and other weapons help fuel civil wars and provide ammunition for those who attack peacekeepers and aid workers seeking to help war-torn societies. Our bill would enhance U.S. capability to safely destroy munitions like those used in the improvised roadside bombs that have proved so deadly to U.S. forces in Iraq. In August Senator Obama and I traveled to Ukraine and saw stacks of thousands of mortars and other weapons, left over from the Soviet era. The scene there is similar to situations in other states of the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. In many cases, the security around these weapons is minimal. Every stockpile represents a theft opportunity for terrorists and a temptation for security personnel who might seek to profit by selling weapons on the black market. The more stockpiles that can be safeguarded or eliminated, the safer we will be. We do not want the question posed the day after an attack on an American military base, embassy compound, or commercial plane why we didn't do more to address these threats. Some foreign governments have already sought U.S. help in eliminating their stocks of lightweight antiaircraft missiles and excess weapons and ammunition. But low budgets and insufficient attention have hampered destruction efforts. Our legislation would require the Administration to develop a response commensurate with the threat, by requiring better coordination and a three-fold increase in spending in this area, to $25 million--a relatively modest sum that would offer large benefits to U.S. security. The other part of the Lugar-Obama legislation would strengthen the ability of America's friends and allies to detect and intercept illegal shipments of weapons and materials of mass destruction. Stopping these weapons and materials of mass destruction in transit is an important complement to the Nunn-Lugar program, which aims to eliminate weapons of mass destruction at their source. We cannot do this alone. We need the vigilance of like-minded nations. The Proliferation Security Initiative has been successful in enlisting the help of other countries, but many of our partners lack the capability to detect and interdict hidden weapons. Lugar-Obama seeks to address this gap by providing $50 million to establish a coordinated effort to improve the capabilities of foreign partners by providing equipment, logistics, training and other support. Examples of such assistance may include maritime surveillance and boarding equipment, aerial detection and interdiction capabilities, enhanced port security, and the provision of hand-held detection equipment and passive WMD sensors. On February 9 the Committee on Foreign Relations held a hearing to examine the State Department's efforts in these important areas. In response to a question on how important conventional weapons elimination and counter-proliferation is to U.S. security Under Secretary Joseph stated that ``other than stopping weapons of mass destruction (at their source), I personally do not think that there is . . . a higher priority.'' The Under Secretary also pointed out that with more resources he was confident additional progress could be achieved faster. We have worked closely with Secretary Rice and her staff to improve this legislation. The bill has been modified in a number of ways to improve its effectiveness and to provide the Department with the authority necessary to carry out important nonproliferation and counter-proliferation missions. At the Department's request, we provide authorization for the entire Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs account. We also authorize international ship- boarding agreements under the Proliferation Security Initiative, the use of the Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund outside the former Soviet Union, and the use of funds for administrative purposes. In addition, we provide the Secretary with the authority to make a reprogramming request to use the funds required under this legislation for other nonproliferation and counter-proliferation activities in an emergency. Earlier this week, Secretary Rice appeared before the Committee on Foreign Relations. I took the opportunity to ask her opinion of Lugar- Obama. She stated her personal support and that of the Department and the Administration. I am pleased that efforts to craft this important effort not only have bipartisan Congressional support but the support of the Administration as well. The U.S. response to conventional weapons threats and the lack of focus on WMD detection and interdiction assistance must be rectified if we are to provide a full and complete defense for the American people. Senator Obama and I understand that the United States cannot meet every conceivable security threat everywhere in the world. But filling the security gaps that we have described and that Secretary Rice and Under Secretary Joseph have confirmed, should be near the top of our list of priorities. We do not believe these problems have received adequate resources and look forward to working with our colleagues in the Senate to rectify the situation.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Cooperative Proliferation Detection, Interdiction Assistance, and Conventional Threat Reduction Act of 2006. This bill is based upon the legislation that Senator Obama and I introduced last year by the same name. Over the last six months we have worked closely with the Administration and the Department of State on legislation to improve U.S. programs focused on conventional weapons dismantlement and counter-proliferation assistance more effective and efficient. The Lugar-Obama bill launches two major weapons dismantlement and counterproliferation initiatives. Modeled after the Nunn-Lugar program, which dismantles weapons of mass destruction in the former Soviet Union and beyond, our legislation seeks to build cooperative relationships with willing countries to secure vulnerable stockpiles of conventional weapons and strengthen barriers against WMD falling into terrorist's hands. The first part of our legislation energizes U.S. programs to dismantle MANPADS and large stockpiles of other conventional weapons, including tactical missile systems. There may be as many as 750,000 MANPADS in arsenals worldwide. The State Department estimates that more than 40 civilian aircraft have been hit by such weapons since the 1970's. In addition loose stocks of small arms and other weapons help fuel civil wars and provide ammunition for those who attack peacekeepers and aid workers seeking to help war-torn societies. Our bill would enhance U.S. capability to safely destroy munitions like those used in the improvised roadside bombs that have proved so deadly to U.S. forces in Iraq. In August Senator Obama and I traveled to Ukraine and saw stacks of thousands of mortars and other weapons, left over from the Soviet era. The scene there is similar to situations in other states of the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. In many cases, the security around these weapons is minimal. Every stockpile represents a theft opportunity for terrorists and a temptation for security personnel who might seek to profit by selling weapons on the black market. The more stockpiles that can be safeguarded or eliminated, the safer we will be. We do not want the question posed the day after an attack on an American military base, embassy compound, or commercial plane why we didn't do more to address these threats. Some foreign governments have already sought U.S. help in eliminating their stocks of lightweight antiaircraft missiles and excess weapons and ammunition. But low budgets and insufficient attention have hampered destruction efforts. Our legislation would require the Administration to develop a response commensurate with the threat, by requiring better coordination and a three-fold increase in spending in this area, to $25 million--a relatively modest sum that would offer large benefits to U.S. security. The other part of the Lugar-Obama legislation would strengthen the ability of America's friends and allies to detect and intercept illegal shipments of weapons and materials of mass destruction. Stopping these weapons and materials of mass destruction in transit is an important complement to the Nunn-Lugar program, which aims to eliminate weapons of mass destruction at their source. We cannot do this alone. We need the vigilance of like-minded nations. The Proliferation Security Initiative has been successful in enlisting the help of other countries, but many of our partners lack the capability to detect and interdict hidden weapons. Lugar-Obama seeks to address this gap by providing $50 million to establish a coordinated effort to improve the capabilities of foreign partners by providing equipment, logistics, training and other support. Examples of such assistance may include maritime surveillance and boarding equipment, aerial detection and interdiction capabilities, enhanced port security, and the provision of hand-held detection equipment and passive WMD sensors. On February 9 the Committee on Foreign Relations held a hearing to examine the State Department's efforts in these important areas. In response to a question on how important conventional weapons elimination and counter-proliferation is to U.S. security Under Secretary Joseph stated that ``other than stopping weapons of mass destruction (at their source), I personally do not think that there is . . . a higher priority.'' The Under Secretary also pointed out that with more resources he was confident additional progress could be achieved faster. We have worked closely with Secretary Rice and her staff to improve this legislation. The bill has been modified in a number of ways to improve its effectiveness and to provide the Department with the authority necessary to carry out important nonproliferation and counter-proliferation missions. At the Department's request, we provide authorization for the entire Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs account. We also authorize international ship- boarding agreements under the Proliferation Security Initiative, the use of the Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund outside the former Soviet Union, and the use of funds for administrative purposes. In addition, we provide the Secretary with the authority to make a reprogramming request to use the funds required under this legislation for other nonproliferation and counter-proliferation activities in an emergency. Earlier this week, Secretary Rice appeared before the Committee on Foreign Relations. I took the opportunity to ask her opinion of Lugar- Obama. She stated her personal support and that of the Department and the Administration. I am pleased that efforts to craft this important effort not only have bipartisan Congressional support but the support of the Administration as well. The U.S. response to conventional weapons threats and the lack of focus on WMD detection and interdiction assistance must be rectified if we are to provide a full and complete defense for the American people. Senator Obama and I understand that the United States cannot meet every conceivable security threat everywhere in the world. But filling the security gaps that we have described and that Secretary Rice and Under Secretary Joseph have confirmed, should be near the top of our list of priorities. We do not believe these problems have received adequate resources and look forward to working with our colleagues in the Senate to rectify the situation.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, today I mark the passing of a great Hoosier newspaperman and civic leader, James C. Barbieri. My condolences go out to his wife Barbara, his son Chuck, his daughter Cindi, and his four grandchildren and one great grandchild. They shared this remarkable man with the wonderful community of Bluffton, IN, which also mourns his passing. Beginning in 1950, Jim Barbieri worked almost every job conceivable at the Bluffton, IN, News-Banner. He was a reporter, advertising salesman, and circulation director. He became general manager of the venerable Wells County publication in 1975 and then coowner, president, and publisher in 1986. It was not unusual that on any given day he might write every page-1 story, the editorial, and if someone called in sick, he would pick up a delivery route, too. He was always available because he only missed 1 day of work over a 50-year stretch. Born and raised in Park Ridge, IL, he attended DePauw University in Indiana where he was editor of the student newspaper. After serving his country in the Army during the Korean War, Jim worked briefly at The Chicago American before coming to Bluffton. In 2005, the Hoosier State Press Association awarded Jim the Charlie Biggs Commitment to Community Award. Jim Barbieri had that venerable smalltown newspaperman ready opinion on virtually everything that passes us by in life. Whether it was roads, parks, or the time Indiana should set its clocks in the summer, Jim used his unique forum to editorialize. I knew he was always looking over my shoulder providing ready comment on anything I did in the State, national, or international arena. On visits to Bluffton, Jim Barbieri would cover the community event I was attending and then, in an extensive interview, explore my thoughts on the issues of the day. He would then exhaustively report all of it in the newspaper astutely and accurately. He did not cease to impress all with his indefatigability. At the celebration of his 50 years with The News-Banner, Jim wrote this poem: So that the way I work may be out of date, But don't try to bend me and make me go straight. Let me go on in my very old fashion Covering the news with an old time passion. The style in which my career has been blest, To you may be faulty, but I (gave) it my best. When God takes me home at the end of my years, He'll not straighten me out and pop all my gears. He'll say ``you, reporter, for the sins that you bring, We'll take you like you are with a bent angelic wing.'' And we all know that Heaven could not run well Without a journalist to give them all hell. So in the celestial press room we bid you to trod, But don't ever misquote Peter or misspell God.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I wish today to share with my colleagues the winners of the 2005-2006 Dick Lugar/Indiana Farm Bureau/ Farm Bureau Insurance Companies Youth Essay Contest. In 1985, I joined with the Indiana Farm Bureau to sponsor an essay contest for eighth grade students in my home State. The purpose of this contest is to encourage young Hoosiers to recognize and appreciate the importance of Indiana agriculture in their lives and subsequently craft an essay responding to the assigned theme. I, along with my friends at the Indiana Farm Bureau and Farm Bureau Insurance Companies, am pleased with the annual response to this contest and the quality of the essays received over the years. I congratulate Sangeeth Jeevan, of Vigo County, and Brittany Blazier, of Wells County, as winners of this year's contest, and I ask to have printed in the Record the complete text of their respective essays. Likewise, I would like to include the names of all of the district and county winners of the 2005-2006 Dick Lugar/Indiana Farm Bureau/Farm Bureau Insurance Companies Youth Essay Contest. The material follows. Indiana Farm Super Heroes (By Sangeeth Jeevan--Vigo County) Introducing the Indiana Farm Super Heroes! Corn Man--with his super riboflavin power to boost energy, can change from a solid, corn starch, to a liquid, corn syrup. Wheat Gal--with her supernatural ability to deliver more energy with carbohydrates and make food delicious! Powerful Poultry--delivering protein needed to build muscle and provide the best tasting meat! Big Beef--teams up with the Powerful Poultry to provide even more protein. Potato Pal--a tasty hero that delivers the carbohydrates to energize our health. Vivacious Veggies--these veggies pack a punch of healthy vitamins and minerals essential for our health! Today, they will face the challenge of creating a nutritious cookout. Corn Man: Ok team, what should we do? We need to create the best cookout only with Indiana farm products. Wheat Gal: I have an idea. Maybe Big Beef should help create a delicious steak! Powerful Poultry: Yeah, and I could make some mouth watering chicken skewers! Corn Man: Yeah! Good thinking, Wheat Gal. Veggies, do you think you can create some kind of barbecue sauce for the meat? Vivacious Veggies: Of course! We could use our tomatoes packed with vitamin C. Corn Man: Great. I can create a couple of scrumptious grilled corn-on-the-cob! Wheat Gal: MMM! This cookout sounds tasty. Maybe I can create some buns for cheeseburgers. Hey, Big Beef, do you think you can help me? Big Beef: Of course! After all, burgers are my specialty. Hey, can you Veggies help me add some condiments? Vivacious Veggies: Coming right up! Potato Pal: Maybe I can whip up some snacks for us; say how do potato chips sound! Everybody: GREAT!!! Powerful Poultry: I can't believe we can make all these cookout foods just from Indiana farm products. It's amazing! Wheat Gal: Yeah, and to think these items are so delicious and nutritious! Corn Man: This is the best cookout ever!

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the ``Energy Diplomacy and Security Act,'' legislation that recognizes energy security to be a foremost concern for United States national security, and would realign our diplomatic priorities to meet energy security challenges. Energy issues pose a multitude of challenges for United States national security, foreign policy, economy, and environment. Meeting these challenges requires a rigorous and farsighted policy to move us toward a sustainable energy future, which will include international partnership. The bill calls upon the President to improve the focus and coordination of Federal agency activities in international energy affairs. The bill further would ensure that concern for energy security is integrated into the State Department's core mission and activities, and to this end, it calls for the creation of a Coordinator for International Energy Affairs within the Office of the Secretary. The bill calls upon the Federal Government to expand international cooperation on energy issues. The bill seeks to enhance international preparedness for major disruptions in oil supplies. A particular priority is to offer a formal coordination agreement with China and India as they develop strategic petroleum reserves. This would help draw them into the international system, providing supply reassurance, and thereby reducing potential for conflict. The bill also calls for extension of petroleum supply disruption to developing nations which are most vulnerable. The bill would also stimulate regional partnerships in the Western Hemisphere. Most of our oil and virtually all of our gas imports come from this Hemisphere. The bill would create a Western Hemisphere Energy Forum modeled on the APEC energy working group. This would provide a badly-needed mechanism for hemispheric energy cooperation and consultation, and would promote private investment in the Hemisphere. Finally, the bill would enhance international partnerships with both major energy producing and consuming countries. We must engage major oil and natural gas producing countries. Not working with major oil and gas exporters will lead to unproductive political showdowns and conflict. Strategic energy partnerships with other major consuming countries are also crucial for our national security. Energy security is a priority we hold in common with other import dependent countries, and partnership with the world's largest consumers will increase leverage in relation to petro-states and speed our own conversion to sustainable energy sources. In addition to seeking new avenues of cooperation, the bill would give focus to existing bilateral energy dialogues, which have lacked clear objectives and political backing. I look forward to working with my colleagues and the Administration to pursue a foreign policy that meets the grave national security challenges posed by the global energy situation.

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce, at the request of the administration, its proposed legislation to implement the recently concluded U.S.-India Civilian Nuclear Agreement. By providing this draft legislation to the Senate and the House of Representatives, the administration has taken the first step in initiating the congressional review of the U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Agreement. The Committee on Foreign Relations has held one hearing on the issue thus far. Under Secretaries of State Nick Burns and Bob Joseph, as well as outside experts testified on the matter. Last week I joined with a number of House and Senate colleagues in discussing the agreement with President Bush at the White House. In recent weeks I have met repeatedly with administration officials on this matter and look forward to commencing the Committee on Foreign Relations' review of the agreement. The Committee on Foreign Relations will review the proposed nuclear cooperation agreement, the Indian separation plan, and this legislation closely. The committee will commence the review with a classified briefing from Under Secretaries Nick Burns and Bob Joseph the last week of March. During the first week of April Secretary Rice will testify in an open hearing. The week we return from the Easter congressional recess the committee will receive testimony from panels of outside experts who both support and oppose the agreement. This schedule should be looked on as the beginning of the oversight and review process; it is possible additional committee hearings and briefings will be necessary. I look forward to working with my colleagues and the administration to review this agreement to fulfill our Constitutional role on this important matter.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the ``Energy Diplomacy and Security Act,'' legislation that recognizes energy security to be a foremost concern for United States national security, and would realign our diplomatic priorities to meet energy security challenges. Energy issues pose a multitude of challenges for United States national security, foreign policy, economy, and environment. Meeting these challenges requires a rigorous and farsighted policy to move us toward a sustainable energy future, which will include international partnership. The bill calls upon the President to improve the focus and coordination of Federal agency activities in international energy affairs. The bill further would ensure that concern for energy security is integrated into the State Department's core mission and activities, and to this end, it calls for the creation of a Coordinator for International Energy Affairs within the Office of the Secretary. The bill calls upon the Federal Government to expand international cooperation on energy issues. The bill seeks to enhance international preparedness for major disruptions in oil supplies. A particular priority is to offer a formal coordination agreement with China and India as they develop strategic petroleum reserves. This would help draw them into the international system, providing supply reassurance, and thereby reducing potential for conflict. The bill also calls for extension of petroleum supply disruption to developing nations which are most vulnerable. The bill would also stimulate regional partnerships in the Western Hemisphere. Most of our oil and virtually all of our gas imports come from this Hemisphere. The bill would create a Western Hemisphere Energy Forum modeled on the APEC energy working group. This would provide a badly-needed mechanism for hemispheric energy cooperation and consultation, and would promote private investment in the Hemisphere. Finally, the bill would enhance international partnerships with both major energy producing and consuming countries. We must engage major oil and natural gas producing countries. Not working with major oil and gas exporters will lead to unproductive political showdowns and conflict. Strategic energy partnerships with other major consuming countries are also crucial for our national security. Energy security is a priority we hold in common with other import dependent countries, and partnership with the world's largest consumers will increase leverage in relation to petro-states and speed our own conversion to sustainable energy sources. In addition to seeking new avenues of cooperation, the bill would give focus to existing bilateral energy dialogues, which have lacked clear objectives and political backing. I look forward to working with my colleagues and the Administration to pursue a foreign policy that meets the grave national security challenges posed by the global energy situation.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, for the Committee on Foreign Relations I report favorably the following nomination list which was printed in the Record on the date indicated, and ask unanimous consent, to save the expense of reprinting on the Executive Calendar that this nomination lie at the Secretary's desk for the information of Senators.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be read the third time, passed, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table, and that any statements relating to the bill be printed in the Record. I further ask consent that S. 632, the Senate companion measure, be indefinitely postponed.

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, last November, the Senate passed a bill I introduced, S. 632, authorizing the extension of permanent normal trade relations with Ukraine. During the post-Cold War era, Ukraine has continued to be subject to the provisions of the Jackson-Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974, which sanctions nations for failure to comply with freedom of emigration requirements. My bill repeals permanently the application of Jackson-Vanik to Ukraine. Yesterday, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 1053, the House companion to my bill. I am extremely pleased that the Senate has passed this legislation today. Since the end of the Cold War, Ukraine has demonstrated a commitment to meet freedom of emigration requirements, and to abide by free market principles and good governance. Improving trade will strengthen the growing relationship between our two nations. The United States will continue its strong support of Ukraine and its commitment to democracy and free markets. I encourage President Yushchenko to continue his no-tolerance policy for antisemitism in Ukraine. I look forward to President Bush signing this bill into law as a further signal of United States support for democracy and free enterprise in Ukraine. This is especially important before the parliamentary elections in Ukraine on March 26. Extraordinary events have occurred in Ukraine. A free press has revolted against intimidation and reasserted itself. An emerging middle class has found its political footing. A new generation has embraced democracy and openness. A society has rebelled against the illegal activities of the previous government. It is in our interest to recognize and to protect these advances in Ukraine. The United States has a long record of cooperation with Ukraine through the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Act. Ukraine inherited the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world with the fall of the Soviet Union. Through the Nunn-Lugar program, the United States has assisted Ukraine in eliminating this deadly arsenal and joining the Nonproliferation Treaty as a nonnuclear state. The United States can and should do more to eliminate conventional weapons stockpiles and assist other nations in detecting and interdicting weapons of mass destruction. These functions are underfunded, fragmented, and in need of high-level support. This was pointed out to me during a visit Senator Barack Obama and I enjoyed in Ukraine in early September of last year. The Government's current response to threats from vulnerable conventional weapons stockpiles is dispersed between several programs at the Department of State. We believe the planning, coordination, and implementation of this function should be consolidated into one office at the State Department with a budget that is commensurate with the threat posed by these weapons. We look forward to continuing to address these issues and making progress on all fronts in Ukraine. The permanent waiver of Jackson- Vanik and the establishment of permanent normal relations will be the foundation on which a burgeoning partnership between our nations can further grow and prosper. Mr. President, I am pleased to mention that on this auspicious day of our relations with Ukraine, the Foreign Minister of Ukraine is in Washington. We have had opportunities to visit, to share views, and to assert, once again, the solidarity of our friendship.

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of calendar No. 370, H.R. 1053.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I rise to submit a resolution declaring today International Women's Day 2006. International Women's Day is a day on which we celebrate the progress of women and rededicate ourselves to overcoming the inequities that they face around the globe. Almost one hundred years ago, when the first International Women's Day was celebrated, women in this country and in Europe were fighting for the right to vote and to participate fully in the political process. Today, nearly one hundred years later, we can celebrate the fact that, in the United States and Europe, many of these barriers have been broken down, and that women now not only vote, but participate in our government at its highest levels. In the past year, we have seen historic elections in Afghanistan and Iraq, where women were voters and candidates. In Kuwait, women are now able to vote and run for parliament. Voters in Liberia have elected the first female head of state in Africa, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, and Chile is just days away from the inauguration of Michele Bachelet, the country's first female president. Despite these accomplishments, in many places around the world, women are still fighting for their basic rights. Often, especially in developing countries, women and girls lack full political, academic, and economic equality. Two-thirds of the estimated 875 million illiterate adults in the world are women. Girls frequently continue to be denied access to primary education, and constitute the majority of the estimated 121 million children around the globe who do not attend school. The lives and health of women and girls continue to be particularly vulnerable to violence. Women are trafficked across international borders for forced labor, domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation. In armed conflict situations and other humanitarian emergencies, women and children risk a range of abuses including sexual exploitation, trafficking and gender-based violence. The HIV/AIDS crisis is particularly devastating to women and girls. Women now account for one-half of all HIV and AIDS cases, and in sub-Saharan Africa, young girls aged 15 through 24 are three times more likely to be infected with HIV than young men. Not only are women and girls more vulnerable to infection, they are also shouldering much of the burden of caring for sick and dying relatives and friends. In addition, in the vast majority of cases, they are the caretakers of the estimated 14 million children who have been orphaned by this pandemic. Often, widows and orphans have difficulties asserting their inheritance rights, even when those rights are spelled out in law. This often leaves the most vulnerable women and children impoverished and homeless. The inequality that is devastating the lives of women around the world requires our commitment to ending it. Last year, I co-sponsored with Senator Biden the Protection of Vulnerable Populations During Humanitarian Emergencies Act of 2005, which the Committee on Foreign Relations supported as an amendment to our Foreign Affairs Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2006 and 2007. Our bill seeks to ensure that U.S. foreign assistance programs are a force for protecting women, children, and other vulnerable populations in the wake of military conflict and natural disasters. In addition, last year the President signed into law the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Act, which I authored and introduced in 2004. This law requires the Administration to develop a comprehensive strategy to assist the millions of orphans left behind by the AIDS pandemic. The strategy must include programs to remove barriers to education, such as school fees, that keep orphans, and especially girls, out of the classroom. The law also requires the Administration to support programs that protect the inheritance rights of orphans and widows with children, and to support programs that assist village-based organizations, the main infrastructure for the care of orphans and the millions of women taking care of them. International Women's Day is a day for each of us to reflect upon the remarkable progress that women around the world have made, and to remember that much remains to be done. I am hopeful that Senators will join me in recognizing this important day.

Mr. LUGAR

Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I today pay tribute to David Lee Evans, who had been a member of the staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He was a much loved Senate employee who was universally respected for his professionalism, patience, and generosity. Dave passed away last week at age 65. Dave was born on October 23, 1940, in Baltimore, MD. He graduated from Kenwood High School, and attended Howard Community College. Dave served the Government as a journeyman printer and as a member of the Foreign Relations Committee staff for nearly 23 years. In addition to his service as a printer with the Government Printing Office, he had been Chief Clerk and Assistant Chief Clerk to the committee during the 1970's. Dave ably served under Foreign Relations Committee Chairmen Fulbright, Sparkman, Church, Helms, Biden and myself. Committee members and staff relied heavily on Dave to shepherd our many publications through all aspects of the printing process. As a returning chairman in 2003, I brought in a new majority staff, many of whom were working for a Senate committee for the first time. Dave was indispensable in teaching these staff members committee printing procedures and patiently answering their many questions. Dave's skills, technical ability and good humor made it possible to meet our many deadlines. During the last 6 years that Dave served the committee, we printed more than 400 documents, including executive and legislative reports, hearings, and other materials. Without Dave's tireless efforts and hard work, the committee would not have been able to produce such a huge volume of material. Dave took great pride in his work and ensured that the material he produced met his and the committee's high standards. Every publication Dave printed reflected favorably on the committee, the Senate, and the U.S. Government as a whole. In addition to his extensive public service, Dave will be remembered as a loyal friend and loving husband and father. He is survived by his wife Angela, who is currently the Executive Clerk of the Committee on Foreign Relations; four children, David T. Evans, Christopher Evans, Kathleen Canby, and Susan Hennegan; a stepson, Jeffrey Morris; six grandchildren; and a brother. All who knew Dave will miss his kindness and grace. The thoughts of the entire Foreign Relations Committee are with his family as they remember and celebrate the life of an exemplary man.