Ed Markey

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material on the subject of my Special Order.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. And we thank the gentleman for his excellent comments. Let me turn now and recognize the gentleman from Massachusetts, a good friend of the Senator's, John Olver.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. We thank the gentleman so much for his words. Next we recognize another great friend of the Senator, John Tierney, from the State of Massachusetts.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I thank the gentleman very much. And the gentleman is so right. I could call Senator Kennedy one of the greatest Senators in history, I could call him one of a small handful of the greatest Senators in history. But that would be inaccurate. That just wouldn't capture not only how history will record him, but how he wants to be recorded by history. And there will be an accurate reflection of that, I think, as people, as the gentleman pointed out, continue to focus upon his life. Before I turn to the gentleman from South Boston, let me go back the gentleman from Quincy, Mr. Delahunt.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this resolution, which I have introduced with the gentlewoman from Massachusetts, Ms. Tsongas, to honor the Minute Man National Historical Park on its 50th anniversary. Since its inception on September 21, 1959, the park has played a vital role in protecting and preserving the sites in the towns of Lexington, Lincoln, and Concord where the American Revolution began. For 50 years, the park has educated millions of Americans about the extraordinary events that led to the birth of our Nation. On April 19, 1775, American colonists in ``every Middlesex village and farm'' rose up to throw off the yoke of the English king and claim their inherent right to govern themselves. The Minute Man National Park preserves not just the sites, buildings, and landscapes where these momentous events took place but also the ideals of liberty, democracy, and self-determination that they embodied. The beliefs held in the actions of those spring days in April 1775 remain the cornerstone of our Nation and an inspiration to people everywhere. The Minute Man National Historical Park is comprised of 1,038 acres, which include 8 miles of trails and 136 historic structures. The park preserves multiple sites along the ``Battle Road,'' the 22-mile route from Boston to Concord where British soldiers and American militia first clashed on April 19, 1775. The park includes the famed North Bridge, in Concord, where American militia were first ordered to return the fire of the British regulars. Down the road, in Lexington, is the Lexington green, where the first shot was fired that morning and where eight American patriots lost their lives in the opening battle of the Revolutionary War. The park commemorates Paul Revere's ``midnight ride'' of April 18, 1775, to raise the alarm that the British were marching to destroy military stockpiles and includes the site where Paul Revere was captured by a British patrol. Paul Revere's message was carried on to Concord by his colleagues, William Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott, and that message resonates to this day--taught to school children everywhere--``A cry of defiance, and not of fear, a voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, and a word that shall echo for evermore!'' in the verse of the famous poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The park contains the Barrett farm in Concord, which was the home of Colonel James Barrett, and contained the militia weapons and munitions that British soldiers were marching on Concord to destroy. The park also includes the Wayside, which was once home to Nathaniel Hawthorne and Louisa May Alcott, and celebrates the writings of the first great American authors, whose voices were those of a free people. More than 1 million people visit the park every year to learn about these events that have become iconic symbols to every American. Thomas Boylston Adams, a descendent of President John Quincy Adams and the former president of the Massachusetts Historical Society, described the Battle Road as ``a long road, leading even to the present.'' The Battle Road was the first road marched by a people in search of liberty and the road that continues to prove to all people everywhere to this day that freedom is possible. The Minute Man National Historical Park continues to serve as a vital resource for future generations of Americans and a reminder of the role that Massachusetts played in the creation of the most free and democratic nation in the world. I commend the fantastic work of the park in upholding these values that remain at the core of our American character and I urge my colleagues to adopt the resolution.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, this week we commemorate the eighth anniversary of the most devastating attack on our country since Pearl Harbor. The planes which destroyed the World Trade Center towers took off from Boston. The planes carried 142 passengers and crew members, many of them were our neighbors, and the catastrophe almost 200 miles south in Manhattan was also a catastrophe for victims' families and their loved ones and friends in communities across Massachusetts. The September 11th attacks demonstrated that America's very strengths--its technology and its open society--could be turned into weapons and used against us. We have spent much of the past eight years trying to reduce the opportunities for terrorists to exploit our vulnerabilities; while we can claim significant achievements we must admit that the job is not done. Two years ago, the Democratic Congress passed legislation to implement the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, designating it as our top priority--H.R. 1. But much work to implement the bill's provisions and other needed homeland security upgrades is still needed, and it is now up to the Obama Administration to end the years of delays, obstruction and catering to industry's demands that was characteristic of the Bush Administration's homeland security policy. I authored a provision in the 9/11 law to require the screening, within three years, of all the cargo carried on passenger planes to a level of security commensurate with the level of security applied to passengers' checked bags. The statutory deadline is less than one year from now, in August 2010. I am concerned that the system developed by the previous administration to implement the 100 percent screening requirement is facing significant challenges and must be quickly remedied by this Administration in order to comply with the law. A requirement that I helped to insert into the 9/11 law contains a mandate to scan all inbound maritime cargo at its point of origin by 2012, unless the Department of Homeland Security chooses to extend the deadline for a particular port or group of ports because of technological, economic or other barriers. I believe that Congress included sufficient flexibility in the statutory requirements to address any delays in meeting the 2012 statutory deadline for maritime scanning that may have been caused as a result of inaction by the last Administration, and now the Obama Administration is tasked with implementing this vital security safeguard. Since 9/11, Congress has enacted legislation to secure the aviation, maritime, rail, mass transit, nuclear energy and other sectors. But what we have yet to do is act on comprehensive legislation to secure the facilities that make or store dangerous chemicals. Instead, we have relied on the incomplete, inadequate and loophole-ridden legislative language that was inserted into a 2007 Appropriations bill behind closed doors that amounted to little more than a long run-on sentence. The Energy and Environment Subcommittee which I chair will soon act on comprehensive chemical security legislation that will close the loopholes in part by requiring each high-risk facility to assess whether it could use safer processes or technologies and provide authority to ensure that the highest-risk facilities do so if it is economically and technologically possible. The upcoming anniversary is a time for reflection and commemoration. But it is also an opportunity to review the progress we have made towards improving the security of all Americans. On this 8th anniversary of a terrible tragedy, I am taking time to both remember those who we lost and to rededicate myself to ensuring that such a tragedy will never again be allowed to occur.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I thank the chairman very much, and I very much appreciate your very hard work on extending this program. This program is a win for consumers who are trading in old gas guzzlers for new hybrids, a win for the recovering economy, and a win for energy independence and the environment as the new vehicles are averaging 60 percent more fuel efficiency than the junkers being taken off the road. However, I am concerned that we are taking funding from the Renewable Energy Loan Guarantee Program and would express my strong belief that we must find a way of replenishing those funds as soon as possible. Mr. Chairman, could you work with me and other Members to ensure that the funds for this program will be replenished?

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I thank the chairman very much. I know that this has always been the highest priority for yourself, for Speaker Pelosi, and for the Obama administration, and I look forward to working with you in the future in order to make sure that we have a win-win here for renewable energy and for our fuel-efficient vehicles.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Madam Speaker, on rollcall No. 460, I inadvertently did not vote, but intended to vote ``yes.''

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. 686, I inadvertently did not vote, but intended to vote ``aye''. Stated against:

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Food Safety Enhancement Act of 2009, and commend Chairmen Waxman, Barton, Pallone, Dingell, Deal and Stupak for all of their bipartisan and extensive work on this important legislation. The Food Safety Enhancement Act is a critical part of protecting the health and wellbeing of our citizens from food-borne illnesses and negligent food manufacturers. This bill strengthens the FDA's oversight of our nation's food supply by increasing inspections, improving traceability, and empowering the agency to order mandatory recalls when necessary. The FDA is responsible for the safety of 80 percent of our nation's food supply, but only has the resources to inspect food-manufacturing facilities once every 10 years. Over the past several years we have seen an increase in outbreaks of Salmonella, resulting in recalls of tainted food, health problems, and sadly, deaths. The FDA under the Bush Administration failed to take the steps necessary to ensure the safety of our food supply, but this bill, which was approved by the Energy and Commerce Committee with bipartisan support, will change that. I am pleased that the bill we are considering today also includes a modified version of my bill, the Ban Poisonous Additives--or BPA Act. BPA is a ubiquitous chemical found in most food and beverage cans and many reusable plastic containers. It was also found in most baby bottles until recently, when major baby bottle manufacturers agreed to voluntarily stop using it because of concerns about its effects on health, which are many: BPA can be linked to increases in breast and prostate cancer risk, heart disease, liver abnormalities and diabetes; BPA can result in adverse impacts to reproductive health; BPA can be linked to increases in obesity, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, brain damage, altered immune function and other problems; BPA can be found at dramatically higher levels in infants than in the rest of the population, and is also found in placental tissue and umbilical cord blood; BPA has been found at higher levels in women with a history of repeated spontaneous miscarriages; and BPA has been shown to alter the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancer patients. The Food Safety Enhancement Act of 2009 calls on FDA to evaluate the approved uses of BPA in food and beverage containers and to tell the Committee on Energy and Commerce whether each use is safe by the end of this year. If FDA finds that BPA isn't safe, it is additionally directed to tell Congress how it plans to protect public health--which could include banning the chemical as well as efforts such as placing warning labels on products that contain it so that the most vulnerable populations will be better able to avoid it. Not all industries are as receptive to addressing health concerns as the baby bottle manufacturers were. In fact, just recently, the food and packaging industry convened a meeting in Washington at which they devised an expensive public relations claim to combat their consumer confidence crisis. They even concluded that their ``holy grail'' spokesperson would be a pregnant woman who could publicly extol the virtues of BPA, and thought about how to create fears that its removal would lead to scarce or unsafe food products. Although the baby bottle manufacturers' voluntary action and a variety of State laws banning its use are helpful, what we really need is federal leadership on this vital public health issue, and I am pleased that the FDA has commenced a scientific review of all the data. The language in this bill will ensure that the review occurs quickly and that appropriate steps will be taken to protect public health. I thank my colleagues for working with me to craft this compromise provision, and I urge support for the underlying bill.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Madam Speaker, I rise today to introduce the Alzheimer's Breakthrough Act. I would like to thank my colleague and fellow co-chair of the bipartisan Alzheimer's Task Force, Mr. Chris Smith of New Jersey, for continuing to partner with me on this important legislation. An estimated 5.3 million Americans have Alzheimer's disease, and one in ten individuals has a family member with the disease. Unless science finds a way to prevent or cure it, nearly 16 million Americans will have Alzheimer's disease by the year 2050. Additionally, in 2005, Medicare spent $91 billion for the care of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, and this amount is projected to increase to $160 billion in 2010. While we have made great progress in the battle against Alzheimer's, more needs to be done to combat this devastating disease. This bill will increase the federal commitment to Alzheimer's research and prevention and offer assistance for caregivers. Our bill contains urgently needed increases in National Institutes of Health funding for Alzheimer's disease research, prevention initiatives, clinical research support, public education programs and innovative approaches to Alzheimer's care. Assistance to caregivers is included in this legislation with the establishment of an Alzheimer's Call Center offering advice and care consultation. It also authorizes the director of the National Institute on Aging to make grants or conduct clinical, social and behavioral research related to interventions designed to help caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Madam Speaker, the best way to fight this disease and reduce the number of patients who suffer from Alzheimer's disease is to find ways to prevent it before it starts. Investments we make now in Alzheimer's disease and aging research could lead to longer, healthier lives for Americans and significantly lower costs to the federal government. Congress must act now to strengthen the federal commitment to preventing Alzheimer's disease and assisting those who give care to the victims of this disease. I look forward to continue working with my colleagues on this important issue throughout the legislative process.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Madam Speaker, I rise to join in celebrating the career of Pope Barrow, who is stepping down as House Legislative Counsel. I have served in this House since 1976, and I have known and worked closely with Pope Barrow throughout my 33 years in this body. Pope is a true professional--for the last 40 years he has been the House's very own Pontiff of Paper, performing miracles in translating Members' ideas and concepts into well-crafted bills, amendments, and resolutions. He began his career in the Office of Legislative Counsel in 1968, and in 1997 he was appointed to serve as the Sixth House Legislative Counsel since that office was first created in 1918. Today, Pope Barrow leaves his post as head of the Office, and I and many other Members and staff who have worked with him over the years will miss him. Over the years, Pope has assisted hundreds of Members and their staffs in the drafting of a wide range of legislation. He helped to draft the War Powers Act; he drafted education laws, tax laws, and pension laws. But, it is really in the field of Energy and Environmental law that Pope has made his mark. Pope helped draft the Clean Air Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the Superfund law, the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, various amendments to the Federal Power Act. He has worked on each and every omnibus energy bill of the last three decades, including the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. In intervening years, he has worked on other smaller energy bills that are too numerous to mention. Pope Barrow has also spent years drafting public lands, mining, parks and recreation laws. He was, for example, the principal draftsman of the National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, which passed under former Representatives Mo Udall and Phil Burton's leadership. He drafted the Alaskan Lands Act with Mo Udall and former Representative John Seiberling. Just a few days ago, Pope stood on the floor of this House as we took up the Waxman-Markey American Clean Energy and Security bill. Like so many other energy and environmental bills before it, this was a bill drafted in part by Pope Barrow, and the other attorneys he has trained and mentored. But, Pope and his colleagues also drafted many of the amendments offered to the bill by the bill's opponents. For that is the duty of the lawyers that this House has chosen to serve as our legislative scriveners. They must serve all of the Members of this House, regardless of party and regardless of position. They must maintain the confidentiality of their contacts with various Member and Committee offices. They must remain neutral as to issues of legislative policy. Pope and his colleagues in the Office of Legislative Counsel are truly a national treasure. They work very hard to make sure that the bills, resolutions and amendments that we offer are as clearly written, as understandable, and as reflective of legislative intent as is humanly possible. He and his colleagues work long hours, nights, and sometimes weekends, and for some very demanding clients. They truly are public servants. We simply could not do our job around here without their assistance. When I think of a markup in the Energy and Commerce Committee, or in the Natural Resources Committee, I think of Pope Barrow sitting down at the Counsel's table, ready to assist the Members as we work our way through whatever legislation is before us. Pope, we will miss you down at your usual spot in the counsel's chair. But we also know that Pope Barrow does have interests outside of the office. Over the years, Pope has been an active whitewater kayaker who has paddled rapids across the country and all around the world. While he still kayaks, Pope reports that it has been years since he has run the Class V waterfalls at Great Falls on the Potomac. Pope is also an avid sailor, who has sailed up and down the East Coast from Nova Scotia to Key West, and who has sailed across the Atlantic and all around the Mediterranean. In fact, on one ill-fated sailing expedition back in the 1970s, Pope and his father capsized their boat off the coast of Florida in a bad storm and spent several hours in the ocean before floating ashore. Pope, we salute your service to this House of Representatives. We thank you for all that you have done for the hundreds of Members and thousands of staffers you have done work for. We wish you all the best as you leave this People's House to enjoy your retirement. Please keep an eye on the weather reports for squalls, check those river gauges, and keep both your paddling gear ready for the river and your sailboat ready for sea. Best wishes to you and to your family as you embark on the next chapter of your life.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Madam Speaker, I rise to join in celebrating the career of Pope Barrow, who is stepping down as House Legislative Counsel. I have served in this House since 1976, and I have known and worked closely with Pope Barrow throughout my 33 years in this body. Pope is a true professional--for the last 40 years he has been the House's very own Pontiff of Paper, performing miracles in translating Members' ideas and concepts into well-crafted bills, amendments, and resolutions. He began his career in the Office of Legislative Counsel in 1968, and in 1997 he was appointed to serve as the Sixth House Legislative Counsel since that office was first created in 1918. Today, Pope Barrow leaves his post as head of the Office, and I and many other Members and staff who have worked with him over the years will miss him. Over the years, Pope has assisted hundreds of Members and their staffs in the drafting of a wide range of legislation. He helped to draft the War Powers Act; he drafted education laws, tax laws, and pension laws. But, it is really in the field of Energy and Environmental law that Pope has made his mark. Pope helped draft the Clean Air Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the Superfund law, the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, various amendments to the Federal Power Act. He has worked on each and every omnibus energy bill of the last three decades, including the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. In intervening years, he has worked on other smaller energy bills that are too numerous to mention. Pope Barrow has also spent years drafting public lands, mining, parks and recreation laws. He was, for example, the principal draftsman of the National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, which passed under former Representatives Mo Udall and Phil Burton's leadership. He drafted the Alaskan Lands Act with Mo Udall and former Representative John Seiberling. Just a few days ago, Pope stood on the floor of this House as we took up the Waxman-Markey American Clean Energy and Security bill. Like so many other energy and environmental bills before it, this was a bill drafted in part by Pope Barrow, and the other attorneys he has trained and mentored. But, Pope and his colleagues also drafted many of the amendments offered to the bill by the bill's opponents. For that is the duty of the lawyers that this House has chosen to serve as our legislative scriveners. They must serve all of the Members of this House, regardless of party and regardless of position. They must maintain the confidentiality of their contacts with various Member and Committee offices. They must remain neutral as to issues of legislative policy. Pope and his colleagues in the Office of Legislative Counsel are truly a national treasure. They work very hard to make sure that the bills, resolutions and amendments that we offer are as clearly written, as understandable, and as reflective of legislative intent as is humanly possible. He and his colleagues work long hours, nights, and sometimes weekends, and for some very demanding clients. They truly are public servants. We simply could not do our job around here without their assistance. When I think of a markup in the Energy and Commerce Committee, or in the Natural Resources Committee, I think of Pope Barrow sitting down at the Counsel's table, ready to assist the Members as we work our way through whatever legislation is before us. Pope, we will miss you down at your usual spot in the counsel's chair. But we also know that Pope Barrow does have interests outside of the office. Over the years, Pope has been an active whitewater kayaker who has paddled rapids across the country and all around the world. While he still kayaks, Pope reports that it has been years since he has run the Class V waterfalls at Great Falls on the Potomac. Pope is also an avid sailor, who has sailed up and down the East Coast from Nova Scotia to Key West, and who has sailed across the Atlantic and all around the Mediterranean. In fact, on one ill-fated sailing expedition back in the 1970s, Pope and his father capsized their boat off the coast of Florida in a bad storm and spent several hours in the ocean before floating ashore. Pope, we salute your service to this House of Representatives. We thank you for all that you have done for the hundreds of Members and thousands of staffers you have done work for. We wish you all the best as you leave this People's House to enjoy your retirement. Please keep an eye on the weather reports for squalls, check those river gauges, and keep both your paddling gear ready for the river and your sailboat ready for sea. Best wishes to you and to your family as you embark on the next chapter of your life.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Chair, I rise in opposition to H.R. 2965, the Enhancing Small Business Innovation and Research Act. I must oppose this bill because I have serious concerns about changes made in the bill to the SBIR program that would allow SBIR awards to go to an unlimited number of businesses owned or controlled by Venture capital (VC) firms. The SBIR program, responsible for over 60,000 patents, has always focused on innovation from truly small businesses for whom commercial capital market funding is typically not an option. However, with the change made in this bill, the SBIR program would be wide open to applicants that already are well-capitalized due to VC participation, crowding out the small businesses that have been the focus of the highly successful SBIR program. When the Rules Committee met yesterday, I offered an amendment to H.R. 2965 along with my colleagues Representative Tsongas, Representative Welch, and Representative Hodes which would have resolved two major problems with H.R 2965 that undermine the intent of the SBIR program. The amendment we offered would have: 1. Allowed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to direct up to 15% of its SBIR budget to majority venture backed businesses and allow every other federal agency to direct up to 5 percent of its SBIR budget to majority venture backed businesses. In this way, our amendment provided a sensible balance between the prohibition on VC participation, which is the current law, and enabling, without limitation, the participation in the SBIR program of businesses that are owned or controlled by VC firms. The safeguards included in our amendment were based on the recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences and Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2. Increased SBIR Phase I and Phase II awards to $150,000 and $1,000,000 respectively. This increase recognized the need to boost award size due to inflation, but did not increase the award size to such an extent that there will be fewer overall awards available. While I support VC participation in the SBIR program--and our amendment specifically provided for it--enabling an unlimited amount of large VC majority-owned firms to qualify for SBIR funding calls into question whether this program, intended for genuinely small businesses, is, in fact, still focused on these firms. Our amendment provided a needed compromise that recognized the importance of venture capital and recognized the need to hold central truly small business innovation. Unfortunately, our amendment was not made in order by the Rules Committee. Without the protections in our amendment, we run the risk of taking the ``Small'' out of the Small Business Research Innovation Program. At a time when our national unemployment rate is at 9.5 percent, we should do everything in our power to strengthen small businesses that generate 70 percent of new jobs in our country. H.R 2965 does not do enough to ensure that small businesses are the focus of the SBIR program, and therefore I cannot support the bill.

Mr. MARKEY

Mr. MARKEY. In the Cloakroom there is access to it. We have these similar technological capacities in our cloak room, yes.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I continue to reserve my right to objection, there is a copy up there on the Speaker's podium at the desk.

Mr. MARKEY

Mr. MARKEY. It is also available at the desk.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. It is not missing the 300 pages. They are all up there. Everything you are looking for is up there next to the Speaker, and it is available on the Rules Committee Web site for anyone and everyone to have access to. But it is sitting right up there. The 300 pages are right up there.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I continue to reserve.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I continue to reserve.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I continue to reserve. Parliamentary Inquiry

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. With our bill, we will take back America's position as the technological leader, give back money to consumers by lowering energy bills, send back the millions of barrels of oil we import from foreign dictators every day, and we will export wind turbines and solar panels that say ``Made in America'' instead of continuing to import millions of barrels of oil a day that say ``Made by OPEC.'' This bill has the ambition of the Moon landing, the moral imperative of the Civil Rights Act, and the scope of the Clean Air Act all wrapped up in one. All we are hearing here this evening are the same discredited policies from the past that have gotten us into this economic national security and environmental situation that we live with today. Vote ``no'' on this substitute and vote ``aye'' for the bill that we are considering. The gentleman from California has done an excellent job in bringing us to this point. Vote ``no'' on this substitute.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I thank everyone who worked on this legislation, all of the Members on both sides of the aisle. But as Chairman Waxman just said, this took an enormous amount of work by a lot of staffers over a sustained, intense period of time. And I want to thank all of you for everything that you have done to make today possible. I think you really do deserve a round of applause for the tremendous work that you have done. It is your victory as much as any Member, and we thank you for it.

Mr. MARKEY of Massachusetts. I would like to thank Joel Beauvais, Michael Goo, Danielle Baussan, Ana Unruh-Cohen. I would also like to thank Michal Freedhoff, Morgan Gray, Jonathan Phillips, Eban Burnham- Snyder, Jackie Chenault, Jeff Sharp, Ali Brodsky, Camilla Bausch, and especially Gerry Waldron and Jeff Duncan, along with Shannon Kenny, who is still sitting over there as well. All of you were fantastic, and it's just a historic achievement. We thank you all so much for everything that you do.