Chris Smith

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield to the gentleman from Kentucky.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that there be an additional 6 minutes. There are a number of speakers who would like to come forward on this important issue and for the interest of the membership of knowing the breadth and the fervor, equally divided, of course, with the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. Skaggs].

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. Skelton], my good friend, for his very kind words and for his support for the amendment I am offering. Mr. Chairman, eliminating or crippling freedom broadcasting to Cuba, as the Skaggs amendment would do, would sent the wrong message at exactly the wrong time. The Castro dictatorship is at an all-time low in domestic support and international prestige. Like the two recent Clinton-Castro immigration agreements, the silence of Marti-TV would provide new hope for the Castro dictatorship and a fresh dose of despair for the Cuban people. Mr. Chairman, let me just say that the amendment that I am offering achieves fiscal responsibility by guaranteeing that no funds would be spent for TV-Marti except in accordance with a careful and thoughtful plan for the streamlining and reinvention of the Office of Cuba Broadcasting proposed by the then Director, Mr. Richard Lobo, and approved by USIA Director Dr. Joseph Duffy in March of 1995. These reforms are going to be implemented; they can save taxpayers money without sacrificing our commitment to end the slavery in Cuba. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I appreciate that.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, it is my privilege to yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from New York [Mr. Gilman] the distinguished chairman of the Committee on International Relations. (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I withdraw my unanimous- consent request. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from Florida [Ms. Ros-Lehtinen], who has been very stalwart on the issue of human rights in Cuba.

Mr. SMITH

Mr. SMITH. Mr. Tiahrt, thank you very much. I appreciate your yielding. I want to start out, Todd, Dick, Helen, with the fact that the freshman class, having more businesspeople in that class than any class in recent history, has made a tremendous difference of bringing common sense back to Washington. And you know, it is such a tremendous hole that we have dug for ourselves. I heard the analogy, how do you describe what it means to be $5 trillion in debt and why is it important that we look at departments that are not serving a useful function like the Department of Commerce to try to reduce the system of this overbloated bureaucracy? Mr. Speaker, I heard one example that I thought was interesting, and it gives a little perspective, and that is, if you tightly stack a bunch of $1,000 bills and you make it 4 inches high, you end up with the equivalent of $1 million. If you keep stacking tightly that $1,000 bill stack and you go 300 feet high, it is $1 billion. If you go 63 miles high, it is $1 trillion. If you get over 300 miles into outer space, it is this Federal budget. We have to start now. The reasonable place to start is with departments that are not fulfilling a useful purpose. I would particularly like to commend my colleague from Michigan who has come from business and is trying to make some common sense out of this huge Federal bureaucracy. One of the issues that he has been working on is the dismantling of the Department of Commerce. I say yea. I say, the freshmen class and people like Dick Chrysler is what is going to make it happen to be a reality, to do what Alan Greenspan says. If we are able to reach a balanced budget, then we will have such a strong underlying economy that this Nation is going to take off in jobs, and our kids and our grandkids are going to have a better standard of living than we do. If we do not do it, if we are unable to reach a balanced budget and we go back to the old ways of taking pork barrel projects home, of doing more and more things because we think it is going to help us get reelected, then we are going to end up with our kids and our grandkids not paying the huge debt that we are accumulating, but they are going to have a lower standard of living than we had. I just think it is so exciting, after decades, after 40 years of moving toward a bigger and bigger, huge Federal bureaucracy, we are looking at not just freezing the size of this bureaucracy, but looking at actually reducing it, by taking one of the departments, the Department of Commerce, and we can eliminate the hub of corporate welfare and political patronage by doing away with the Department of Commerce. Mr. Speaker, the Department is an amalgamation of Federal agencies, many of which have duplicate services. Dick Chrysler's bill moves us into a situation where we take the good, useful parts of the Department and we privatize them or we move them to other sectors of the Federal Government. The areas that are not serving a useful purpose, where we have just loaded up the different agencies with political patronage, we are doing away with. It is a start. It is a $7 billion start over 5 years. I am proud to be a part of the discussion tonight, and I would like to ask Dick Chrysler the question of how you see American businesses expanding job opportunities in this country if we are not able to reduce the size of the Federal bureaucracy.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, let me say that the gentleman from New York [Mr. Solomon], especially on the issues related to China, has been a stalwart and it is so good to be working with him and the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Wolf] and the gentlewoman from California [Ms. Pelosi] and many others. China is one of the worst, most egregious abusers of human rights in the world today. In report after report issued by our own State Department, and numerous human rights organizations, examples of wide- ranging abuses of human rights indicate that no aspect of human life is free from the repressive and the insidious control of the butchers of Beijing. Mr. Speaker, last year, a year and a half ago, I thought the President had it right. He issued an Executive order. He laid down very clear, nonambiguous markers. Significant progress in human rights had to be achieved or MFN was a goner. He stated this and made very, very much about it. As a matter of fact, during his race for the Presidency, he accused Mr. Bush of coddling dictators. But I am very sorry to say that as we saw a deterioration of the human rights situation in China and a significant regression, this President, Bill Clinton, blinked. He did a complete flip-flop, backed off a very principled stand, and then coddled the dictators, the very butchers of Beijing that he was so rightfully critical of during the campaign and during the early months of his Presidency. It is shameless. The situation in China on religious freedom has gotten significantly worse. Li Peng issued two sweeping decrees, 144 and 145, to crack down on the house church movement and on the fledgling Catholic church in the People's Republic of China. One could be part of the officially government-sanctioned, government-run church, but if they dared to worship God and read their Bible in their home, or assemble to praise God, they are going to have their door broken down and the public security police are going to yank them off to prison for interrogation and for beatings. The situation of Harry Wu, I think, crystallizes what is going on in China today. Here is a man who spent 19 years in the Laogai, was in the gulag system, faced unbelievable repression, the use of hunger as a means of torture. He spoke at a subcommittee hearing. I am the chairman of the International Operations and Human Rights Subcommittee, and Harry and other survivors of the Laogai system came forward and talked about their terrible experiences in that gulag system. Many of those products which end up in our stores. They are being sold in our supermarkets and in our stores across the country. We have what we call a memorandum of understanding with the People's Republic of China, to check out the use of gulag labor for export, and it is a farce. They do not allow us access to those. The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Wolf] and I went to Beijing Prison No. 1 and saw socks and jelly shoes being made, but it was one of those rare instances when we were actually able to see what was being made with prisoners and other people who were held in incarceration. Harry Wu, Mr. Speaker, should tell us all what can happen when an American citizen traveling on a duly issued visa and passport, is held incommunicado and denied access by our own Embassy, against all the rules, and now continues to languish in China against his will. It tells us that the human rights situation is abysmal. He has been a tremendous witness to the sorriest state of human rights in China and, thankfully, we are today beginning to bring some focus on what is actually occurring there. On the issue of forced abortion, Mr. Speaker, which I know Members have heard me talk about since 1979 when it was first initiated in that country, just the other day I received a letter from a woman in China who heard me talking about it on Voice of America and she wrote me this letter: ``I've been hesitating to write you until today. At the end of May I heard a report on V.O.A. about your concern over China's cruel policy of forced abortion.'' ``As a Chinese woman who has just been forced to have an abortion at that time, I really agree with you. What is a real woman without the personal right to have one more child, especially when she is expecting a baby and obliged by the state to kill that baby.'' Mr. Speaker, she went on to say, ``Considering human rights in China, we suffer more than any other countries, if we don't have the right even to get birth to a baby. What's the use of any other rights? Please don't mention my name in public since I could be severely punished.'' And she went on in her letter to talk about what some of her friends have gone through. Mr. Speaker, on gulag labor, on religious repression, on forced abortion, all of these human rights abuses, the Tiananmen Square and other dissidents who continue to be rounded up. Wei Jing Cheng, who met with Assistant Secretary John Shattuck and 2 weeks later was dragged into prison. Here is the hero to the Democracy Wall movement who had the audacity to meet with the Assistant Secretary for Human Rights. He met with me 2 weeks earlier in Beijing and because he met, he was dragged off and we have not heard from him since. This is a very cruel regime, Mr. Speaker. To be dealing with the Chinese today, and to act as if there is nothing going on human rights wise, is like dealing with the Nazis back in the 1930's. This is a cruel dictatorship. Let us not forget that. Their people do not have rights. And when we talk about empowerment, empowerment has not worked. Yes, trains may run on time and we may be having this robust trading relationship, but they have had regression in human rights. They have gone in the opposite direction. Rather than liberalization, they have become more repressive. There is a compromise piece of legislation that will be offered. I think it is a good start. I would have hoped that we would have revoked MFN. The President shamelessly delinked it, after making all the right noises for months. He delinked it when human rights got worse in China. For years to come, that will be seen as one of the worst decisions this President has ever made and another indication of the vacillation of the Clinton Presidency. Mr. Speaker, I urge Members to vote for the Bereuter legislation. I do think it makes a strong statement. Radio Free Asia is needed now more than ever and language in this legislation admonishes the President to do that. It is a good bill. We could have had better, but I urge support for it.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, yesterday the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights, which I chair, finally got the opportunity to hear the real-life stories in open hearing from some of the Chinese women who have had their baby killed by forced abortion in the People's Republic of China. After having had to take the extraordinary step of issuing subpoenas to bring these women out of U.S. prisons where they have been held for 2 years by the Clinton administration, which is trying to deport these women back to their tormentors, yesterday we heard these women describe the horror, the humiliation, the suffering, the pain and the loss of being subjected to both forced abortion and forced sterilization. Even though these and many other women like them have been found to be completely credible by the INS, these victims are poised to be forced back to their oppressors in China because the Clinton administration reversed a very human policy of the Bush administration, by providing asylum to women who have had a forced abortion or have a well-founded fear of force abortion or forced sterilization. Bill Clinton, Mr. Speaker, has turned his back on these victims, and he is trying to force them back. Hu Shu Ye broke down in tears yesterday as she described the pain and suffering of being dragged by the family planning cadres in China to the abortion mill to have her six-month-old unborn child destroyed. When she was able to regain her composure during the hearing, later in the hearing, she told us that she as bleeding so profusely that the Chinese officials were unable to involuntarily sterilize her. But 5 months later they were back at her door physically dragging her to be forcibly sterilized. These women, their tears that they shed yesterday at the hearing and their profound suffering is the reality of tens of millions of women in the People's Republic of China, in that terrible dictatorship. I have led two human rights missions to China, Mr. Speaker. Religious repression has intensified since the Clinton administration delinked MFN from human rights. Oppression of political dissidents has gotten worse. For every prominent dissident they have released, usually on the eve of some important decision in the United States, they have taken many, many others and many of those that we do not know about. And now they have taken a U.S. citizen, Harry Wu. Not only do these human rights problems get worse every single month that we continue to truckle to China, but they keep discovering new horrors. The PRC dictatorship times the executions, for example, of prisoners for the convenience of rich foreigners who pay for the harvest of the prisoners' organs. Now we learn that states who supported abortion clinics sell human embryos, and there are even some credible reports that late-term unborn children are actually being consumed as a new health food. Mr. Speaker, ideas have consequences, and the central organizing idea behind the PRC dictatorship is the utter devaluation of the individual human being. They have consequences. Mr. Speaker, let me conclude. There is no moral or practical difference between trading with the PRC dictatorship and trading with the Nazis. Mr. Speaker, I include for the Record the following information: July 18, 1995. [Primary Sources: The Pueblo Institute, Amnesty International, The Cardinal Kung Foundation] Roman Catholics Imprisoned and Detained in China 1. Father Fan Da-Duo. A priest of Beijing Diocese. Reportedly under house arrest and unable to administer sacraments. 2. Father Guo Qiushan: A priest of Fu'an, Fujian province. Arrested July 27, 1990. Released in August 1991 for health reasons. Currently under house arrest. 3. Father Guo Shichum: A priest of Fu'an, Fujian province. Arrested July 27, 1990. Released in August 1991 for health reasons. Currently under house arrest. 4. Bishop John Yang Shudao: Bishop of Fuzhou, Fujian province. Arrested February 28, 1988. Transferred to house detention in February 1991. Restricted to home village and under close policy surveillance. 5. Bishop Mathias Lu Zhensheng: Age: 76. Bishop of Tianshui, Gansu province. Arrested late December 1989. Released about April 26, 1990 for reasons of health. Restricted to home village. 6. Bishop Casimir Wang Milu: Age: 55. Bishop of Tianshui diocese, Gansu province. Arrested April 1984. Released April 14, 1993. Activity is strictly monitored and restricted. 7. Father John Baptist Wang Ruohan: A priest from Tianshui diocese, Gansu province. Arrested June 16, 1994. Currently detained in Tianshui jail. 8. Father John Wang Ruownag: A priest from Tianshui diocese, Gansu province. Disappeared December 8, 1991. Resurfaced after a period of detention but movement and activity are closely monitored and severely restricted. 9. Father An Shi'an: Age: 81. A priest of Daming diocese, Hebei province. Arrested late December 1990. Released December 21, 1992. Current whereabouts unknown. Believed to be under restrictions of movement. 10. Father Chen Yingkui: A priest of Yixian diocese, Hebei province. Arrested in 1991. Sentenced to three years' of ``reeducation through labor.'' Reported to be released. 11. Father Chi Huitain: Arrested April 17, 1995. Currently being held at an unknown location. 12. Father Peter Cui Xingang: Age: 30. A priest of Donglu village, Qingyuan count, Hebei province. Arrested July 28, 1991. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 13. Father Gao Fangzhan: Age: 27. A priest of Yizian diocese, Hebei province. Arrested May 1991. Currently being held without trial. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 14. Father Peter Hu Duoer: Age: 32. Arrested December 14, 1990. Severely tortured during his detention. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 15. Father Li Jian Jin: Age: 28. A priest of Han Dan, Hebei Province. Arrested March 4, 1994. Currently being held in Ma Pu Cun detention center. 16. Father Li Zhongpei: Arrested December 1990. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Although Chinese authorities have reportedly released him, he has not been seen since his release. 17. Father Liu Heping: Age: 28. Arrested December 13, 1991. Reportedly transferred to house arrest; actions restricted and monitored. 18. Father Liu Jin Zhong: A priest of Yixian, Hebei province. Arrested February 24, 1994. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 19. Father Lu Dong Liang: A priest of Feng Shi, Dong Ging Liu, Hebei province. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 20. Father Lu Gen-You: Arrested in 1994. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 21. Father Ma Zhiyuan: Age: 28. Arrested December 13, 1991. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 22. Father Pei Guojun: A priest of Yixian diocese, Hebei province. Arrested between mid-December 1989 and mid-January 1990. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 23. Father Pei Xhenping: A priest of Youtong village, Hebei province. Arrested October 21, 1989. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 24. Father Shi Wande: A priest of Baoding diocese, Hebei province. Arrested December 9, 1989. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 25. Father Sun Hua Ping: Arrested June 30, 1994. Currently held in a detention center of Lin Ming Guan, Shi Zhuang Cun, Yong Nian Xian, Hebei province. 26. Father Wang Jiansheng: Age: 40 Arrested May 19, 1991 and sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 27. Father Xiao Shixiang: Age: 58. A priest of Yixian diocese, Hebei province. Arrested December 12, 1991. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 28. Father Yan Chong-Zhao: A priest of Handan diocese, Hebei province. Arrested September 1993. Currently held in detention center in Guangping county, Hebei province. 29. Father Zhou Zhenkun: A priest of Dongdazhao village, Boading, Hebei province. Arrested December 21, 1992. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 30. Bishop Guo Wenzhi: Age: 77. Bishop of Harbin, Heilongjiang province. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 31. Father Joseph Jin Dechen: Age: 72. A priest of Nanyang diocese, henan province. Arrested December 18, 1981. Sentenced to 15 years in prison and five years deprivation of rights. Paroled May 21, 1992 but confined to his home village of Jinjiajiang where he remains under restrictions of movement and assocation. 32. Father Li Hongye (or Hongyou): Age: 76. Bishop from Luoyang, Henan province. Arrested July 7, 1994. Conflicting reports make his current status unknown. Diagnosed with stomach cancer. 33. Bishop John Baptist Liang Xishing: Age: 72. Bishop of Kaifeng diocese, Henan province. Disappeared and presumed rearrested March 18, 1994. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 34. Father Zhu Bayou: A priest of Nanyang diocese, province. Released on parole but restricted to the village of Jingang, Henan. 35. Father Jiang Liren: Age: 80. Bishop of Hohht, Inner Mongolia. Arrested December 1989. Transferred to house arrest in April 1990. 36. Bishop Mark Yuan Wenzai: Age: 69. Bishop of Nantong, Jiangsu province. Currently under the custody of the local Patriotic Church bishop and forced to live at the church in Longshan. 37. Father Liao Haiqing: Age: 64. A priest of Fuzhou, Jiangxi province. Arrested August 11, 1994. Released in mid-November. Currently under police surveillance. 38. Father Xia Shao-Wu: Arrested December 30, 1994. Currently held by Public Security Bureau officials Hebei. 39. Bishop Zeng Jingmu: Arrested September 17, 1994. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 40. Father Li Zhi-Xin: A priest in the city of Xining, Qinghai province. Arrested March 29, 1994. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 41. Father Vincent Qin Guoliang: Age: 60. A priest in the city of Xining, Qinghai province. Arrested November 3, 1994. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently detained at Duoba labor camp. 42. Bishop Fan Yufel: Age: 60. Bishop Zhouzhi, Shaanxi province. Arrested in spring 1992. Transferred to house arrest in September 1992. 43. Bishop Lucas Li Jingfeng: Age: 68. Bishop of Fengxiang, Shaanxi province. Placed under house arrest April 1992. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 44. Bishop Huo Guoyang: Bishop of Chongqing, Sichuan province. Arrested early January 1990. Reportedly released in early 1991 and currently under police surveillance in Chongqing City, Sichuan. 45. Bishop Li Side: Bishop of Tianjin diocese. Arrested May 25, 1992. Exiled in July 1992 to a rural parish of Liang Zhuang, Ji country and is forbidden to leave. Currently held under house arrest. 46. Bishop Shi Hongzhen: Auxiliary bishop of Tianjin diocese. Activities severely restricted. One report states he is under house arrest. 47. Father Su De-Qien: A priest of Tianjin diocese. Must report to Public Security once a month. Unable to administer the sacraments since December 1993. 48. Father Gu Zheng: Age: 50. Arrested October 6, 1994. Released late November 1994 but remains under strict police surveillance. 49. Deacon Dong Linzhong: Deacon of Dongdazhao Village, Baoding, Hebei province. Arrested December 21, 1992. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 50. Deacon Wang Tongshang: Deacon of Baoding diocese, Hebei province. Arrested December 23, 1990. Sentenced to three years of ``reeducation through labor.'' Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 51. Sister Wang Yuqin: Age: 23. Arrested April 25, 1995. Although most of the 30-40 people arrested with her have been released, she remains in detention. Also fined 900 Chinese Yen, the equivalent of 3 months income. 52. Wang (or Wong) Ruiying: Arrested June 1994. Currently being held in a detention center in Cheng An Xian, Hebei province. 53. Zhang Guoyan: Age: 45. Sentenced in 1991 to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Reportedly released in March 1993. 54. Cui Maozai: Age: 42. Arrested April 26, 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 55. Gao Jianxiou: Age: 46. Arrested April 26, 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 56. Gao Shuyun: Age: 45. Arrested April 1995. Currently held at Chongren Sein detention center. Reportedly beaten so severely that she cannot feed herself. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 57. Huang Guanghua: Age: 43. Arrested April 1995. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 58. Huang Meiyu: Age 40. Arrested April 1995. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 59. Lu Huiying: Age 51. Arrested April 1995. Reportedly released but activities are restricted and monitored. 60. Pan Kunming: Age 30. Arrested April 1995. Sentenced to five years in prison. 61. Rao Yanping: Age 18. Arrested April 1995. Sentenced to four years in prison. 62. Wu Jiehong: Age 46. Arrested April 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 63. Wu Yinghua: Age 30. Arrested April 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 64. You Xianyu: Age 42. Arrested April 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 65. Yu ChuiShen: Age 50. Arrested April 26, 1995. Sentenced to three years in prison. 66. Zeng Yinzai: Age 60. Arrested April 26, 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 67. Zeng Zhong-Liang: Arrested December 30, 1994. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 68. Zhang Wenlin: Age 60. Arrested April 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 69. Zhu Changshun: Age 40. Arrested April 26, 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 70. Zhu Lianrong: Age 49. Arrested April 1995. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 71. Wang Dao-Xian: Arrested April 21, 1994. Released but activities are restricted and monitored. 72. Xu Funian: Age 51. Arrested at the end of 1994 and sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' 73. Zhang Yousheng: Arrested in December 1990 or early 1991. Sentenced to three years' imprisonment. Chinese authorities reported his release in June 1993. Activities are restricted and monitored. 74. Yu Qi Xiang: Age 19. Arrested April 26, 1995. Sentenced to two years in prison. July 3, 1995. [Primary Sources: Amnesty International, International Campaign for Tibet] Buddhist Monks and Nuns Imprisoned and Detained in Tibet 1. Apho: Age: 36. A monk of Bu Gon monastery. Arrested January 13, 1994. Currently held in Chamdo prison. 2. Bakdo: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 3. Buchung: Age 25. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 4, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 4. Champa Choekyi: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 5. Champa Gyatso: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 6. Champa Tsondrue: Age: 17. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 19, 1994. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 7. Chigchen: Age 21. A monk of Palkhor monastery. Arrested July 3, 1992. Currently held in Gyangtse jail. 8. Chime: Age 25. A monk Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 9. Chime Drolkar: Age 18. A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested October 1, 1990. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 10. Chimi: A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 16, 1993. 11. Choede: Age: 20. A monk of Yamure monastery. Arrested January 9, 1995. 12. Choekyi Gyaltsen: Age: 24. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 14, 1994. Currently held at Gutsa prison. 13. Choekyi Vangmo: Age: 20. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 14, 1994. Currently held at Gutsa prison. 14. Choekyi Tsomo: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 15. Choenyi Drolma: A nun of Shugsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 16. Choephel: A monk arrested October 20, 1993. 17. Choezom: A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. 18. Chung Tsering: Age: 30. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 13, 1994. 19. Dakar: Age: 20. A nun of Nagar monastery. Arrested August 17, 1993. 20. Damchoe Gyaltsen: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 15, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held at Drapchi prison. 21. Dawa: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently held at Gutsa prison. 22. Dawa: Age: 27. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently held at Gutsa prison. 23. Dawa: Age: 20. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 24, 1994. 24. Dawa Gyaltsen: Age: 17. A monk of Tsepag monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to five years in prison. Currently held at Drapchi prison. 25. Dawa Norbu: Age: 19. A monk of Palkhor monastery. Arrested July 3, 1992. Currently held in Gyantse jail. 26. Dawa Samdup: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested between October 16 and 21, 1993. Currently held at Gutsa prison. 27. Dawa Sonam: Age: 16. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 28. Dawa Tsering: Age: 22. A monk of Dralhaluphug monastry. Arrested September 30, 1989. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 29. Dekyi Nyima: A nun of Gura monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 30. Delo: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May, 1992. Current held in Gutsa prison. 31. Dhundup Gyalpo: Age: 17. monk. Arrested June 26, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Sangyyip prison. 32. Dondrup Gyatso: Age: 20. A monk of Dranang monestry. Arrested June 6, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 33. Dondrup: A monk of Rabkung monestry. Arrested September 30, 1990. 34. Dondup: Age: 17. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May, 1992. Current held in Gutsa prison. 35. Dorje: Age: 25. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested April 11, 1992. Sentenced to 6-8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 36. Dorje: Age: 15. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 37. Dorje Tsomo: Age: 18. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. 38. Dradul: Age: 23. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 39. Drakpa Tsultrim: Age: 41. A monk of Ganden monestry. Arrested March 7, 1988. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 40. Dunrup Yugyal: Age: 23 A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 3, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 41. Gokyi: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 16. 1993. Sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 42. Gyaltsen Choedron: Age: 25. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 43. Gyaltsen Choezom: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 44. Gyaltsen Drolkar: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 45. Gyaltsen Drolma: Age 16. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 9, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 46. Gyaltsen Kalsang: Age 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested March 21, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 47. Gyaltsen Kunga: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1990. Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 48. Gyaltsen Kunsang: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 49. Gyaltsen Kunsang: Age: 25. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 50. Gyaltsen Lhagdron: Age: 26. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 51. Gyaltsen Lhaksam: Age: 25. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 52. Gyaltsen Lhazom: Age: 25. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 9, 1991. Currently held in Gusta prison. 53. Gyaltsen Lodroe: Age: 17. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 54. Gyaltsen Lungrig: Age: 24. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested August 12, 1990. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 55. Gyaltsen Nyinyi: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 56. Gyaltsen Pema: Age: 17. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 9, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa monastery. 57. Gyaltsen Sangmo: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 2-3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 58. Gyaltsen Sherab: Age: 25. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested between May 10 and 16, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 59. Gyaltsen Sherab: Age: 19. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 14, 1994. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 60. Gyaltsen Tengye: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 20 1994. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 61. Gyaltsen Tsultrim: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between May 4 and 14, 1993. Sentenced to 4-5 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 62. Gyaltsen Zoepa: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 21, 1994. 63. Jamchok: Age: 28. A monk of Lithang monastery. Arrested August 20, 1993. 64. Jampa: Age: 26. A monk of Rame monastery. Arrested July, 1992. Currently held in Tsethang jail. 65. Jampa: Age: 30. A monk of Pomda monastery. Arrested August, 1993. 66. Jampa Choejor: Age: 16. A monk of Chamdo monastery. Arrested February 8, 1994. Currently being held in Shritang prison. 67. Jampa Dedrol: Age: 15. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 13, 1993. Currently being held in Gutsa prison. 68. Jampa Drolkar: Age: 21. A nun of Nagar monastery. Arrested August 17, 1993. 69. Jampa Gelek: Age: 18. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. 70. Jampa Legshe: Age: 27. A monk of Phenpo Naland monastery. Arrested July 3, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 71. Jampa Rangdrol: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested April 11, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 72. Jampa Tashi: Age: 26. A monk at Serwa monastery. Arrested March 29, 1994. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Powo Tramo prison. 73. Jampa Tenzin: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 6, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 74. Jampa Tenzin: Age: 22. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 75. Jampa Tseten: Age: 22. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 6, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 76. Jampel Changchub Yugyal: Age: 32. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested March or April, 1989. Sentenced to 19 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 77. Jampel Dorje: Age: 15. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. Sentenced to 2 years, 6 months in prison. 78. Jampel Gendun: Age: 31. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 79. Jampel Losel: Age: 27. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 27, 1989. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. 80. Jamyang: Age: 28. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently being held in Gutsa prison. 81. Jamyang Dhondup: Age: 29: A monk of Lithang monastery. Arrested August 20, 1993. 82. Jamyang Dolma: Age: 23. A nun of Shar monastery. Arrested June 15, 1994. 83. Jamyang Kunga: Age: 22. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested November 7, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 84. Jigme Dorje: Age: 27. A monk of Serwa monastery. Arrested March 29, 1994. Sentenced to 15 years in prison. Currently being held in Powo Tramo prison. 85. Jigme Yandron: Age: 24. A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested August 28, 1990. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 86. Jigme Yangchen: Age: 23. A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested October 1, 1990. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 87. Kagye: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 88. Kelsang: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May, 1992. 89. Kelsang: Age: 16. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 3, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 90. Kelsang Chodak: Age: 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested December 15, 1990. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 91. Kelsang Dawa: Age: 21. A monk of Tsome monastery. Arrested May 15, 1992. Sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 92. Kelsang Gyaltsen: Age: 25. A monk of Dingka monastery. Arrested March 17, 1991. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 93. Kelsang Phuntsog: Age: 21. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested August 4, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 94. Kelsang Thutob: Age: 46. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 16, 1989. Sentenced to 18 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 95. Kelsang Tsering: A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested January, 1992. Currently held in Medro jail. 96. Khyentse Legrup: Age: 21. A monk of Chideshol monastery. Arrested November 7, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 97. Kunchok Tsomo: Age: 15. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 17, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 98. Kunsang Jampa: Age: 20. A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested March 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 99. Legshe Phuntsog: Age: 23. A monk of Phenpo monastery. Arrested July 3, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 100. Lhagyal: Age: 23. A monk of Samye monastery. Arrested between June and September, 1991. Sentenced to 3-4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 101. Lhaga: Age: 23. A monk of Chideshol monastery. Arrested August 27, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 102. Lhakpa: Age: 22. A monk of Draglhaluphug monastery. Arrested between October 6 and 25, 1989. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 103. Lhakpa Tsering: Age: 20. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 104. Lhundrup Monlam: Age: 26. A monk of Palkhor monastery. Arrested March 15 or 16, 1990. Sentenced to 4-5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 105. Lhundrup Togden: Age: 24. A monk of Palkhor monastery. Arrested December 1989. Sentenced to 14 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 106. Lhundrup Zangmo: Age: 23. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested between August 12 and 21, 1990. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 107. Li-Ze: A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested January 1992. Currently being held in Medro jail. 108. Lobsang: Age: 28. A monk of Lithang monastery. Arrested August 20, 1993. 109. Lobsang: Age: 22. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 110. Lobsang Choedrak: Age: 19. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested February 23, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 111. Lobsang Choedrag: Age: 18. A monk of Nyemo Gyache monastery. Arrested February 3, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 112. Lobsang Choedrag: Age: 18. A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested March 11, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 113. Lobsang Choedrak: Age: 22. A monk of Drak Yerpa monastery. Arrested September 15, 1993. 114. Lobsang Choedron: Age: 17. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 3, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 115. Lobsang Choedron: Age: 23. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested August 22, 1990. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 116. Lobsang Choedron: Age: 22. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested August 22, 1990. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 117. Lobsang Choedron: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 118. Lobsang Choejor: Age: 32. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 7, 1988. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 119. Lobsang Choekyi: Age: 21. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 120. Lobsang Choezin: Age: 17. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 20, 1994. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 121. Lobsang Dadak: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested September 1989. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 122. Lobsang Dargye: Age: 27. A monk of Ragya monastery. Arrested November 16, 1992. 123. Lobsang Dargye: Age: 27. A monk of Serwa monastery. Arrested March 29, 1994. Sentenced to 15 years in prison. 124. Lobsang Dargye: Age: 23. A monk of Sangyak monastery. Arrested between May 11 and 16, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 125. Lobsang Dargye: A monk of Sangyak monastery. Arrested December 7, 1994. 125. Lobsang Dolma: Age: 24. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 1994. 126. Lobsang Donyo: Age: 19. A monk of Drak Yerpa monastery. Arrested August 28, 1993. Currently held in Taktse jail. 127. Lobsang Dorje: Age: 20. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 128. Lobsang Dradul: Age: 18. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 10, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 129. Lobsang Drolma: Age: 22. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 3, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 130. Lobsang Drolma: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 131. Lobsang Gelek: Age: 22. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested in November or December 1989. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 132. Lobsang Gelek: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 6, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 133. Lobsang Gendun: A monk of Sang-ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1993. 134. Lobsang Gyaltsen: Age: 22. A monk of Nechung monastery. Arrested May 19, 1993. 135. Lobsang Gyaltsen: Age: 22. A monk of Shelkar monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. 136. Lobsang Gyaltsen: Age: 23. A monk of Nechung monastery. Arrested May 19, 1993. 137. Lobsang Gyaltsen: Age: 19. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 138. Lobsang Jampa: Age: 23. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 1994. 139. Lobsang Jampa: Age: 29. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 140. Lobsang Jampa: Age: 44. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested July 6, 1991. Currently held in Seitru prison. 141. Lobsang Kalden: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 142. Lobsang Khedrup: Age: 16. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 143. Lobsang Legshe: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prisons. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 144. Lobsang Lodrup: Age: 21. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 145. Lobsang Lungtok: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 146. Lobsang Ngawang: Age: 22. A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested between March and May 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Current held in Drapchi prison. 147. Lobsang Palden: Age: 21. A monk of Phurbu Chog monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 148. Lobsang Palden: Age: 22. A monk of Shelkar monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. 149. Lobsang Palden: Age: 32. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 7, 1988. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 150. Lobsang Phuntsog: Age: 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested August 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 151. Lobsang Samten: Age: 18. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 3, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 152. Lobsang Sherab: Age: 18. A monk of Purchok retreat. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 153. Lobsang Tashi: Age: 41. A monk of Zitho monastery. Arrested March 4, 1990. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in PoZungma prison. 154. Lobsang Tengue: A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested in 1983. Currently being held in Gutsa prison. 155. Lobsang Tenzin: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 156. Lobsang Tenzin: Age: 18. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested August 14, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 157. Lobsang Tenzin: A monk of Sang-ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. Currently held in Taktse prision. 158. Lobsang Thargye: A monk of Sand Nak Kha monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. 159. Lobsang Thupten: Age: 16. A monk of Purchok monastery. Arrested August 5, 1992. 160. Lobsang Thupten: Age: 32. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested July 6, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa monastery. 161. Lobsang Trinley: A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested January 6, 1992. Currently held in Medro jail. 162. Lobsang Tsegye: Age: 27. A monk of Serwa monastery. Arrested March 29, 1994. Sentenced to 15 years in prison. Currently held in Powo Tramo prison. 163. Lobsang Tsondru: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested 1990. Sentenced to 6-7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 164. Lobsang Yangzom: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 165. Lobsang Yarphel: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested between June 10 and 13, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 166. Lobsang Yeshe: Age: 18. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 1994. 167. Lobsang Yeshe: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 168. Lobsang Zoepa: Age: 19. A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested August 22, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 169. Loden: Age: 51 A monk of Gyu-me monastery. Arrested March 1993. 170. Lodro Pema: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 171. Migmar: Age: 17. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30. 1993. 172. Migmar: Age: 27 A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 173. Migmar Tsering: Age: 20. A monk of Dunbu monastry. Arrested May 30. 1993. 174. Namdrol Lhamo: Age 28. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 12, 1992. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 175. Namgyal Ghoedron: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 176. Ngawang Bumchok: Age: 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested June 15, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi Prison. 177. Ngawang Chendrol: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 178. Ngawang Chenma: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 5, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 179. Ngawang Chime: Age: 19. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 180. Ngawang Choedrak: A monk and Chant master. Arrested April 1993. 181. Ngawang Choedron: A nun of Choebup monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 182. Ngawang Choekyi: Age: 23. A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 14, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 183. Ngawang Choekyi: Age: 21. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 184. Ngawang Choenyi: Age: 20. A monk of Kyemolong monastery. Arrested May 8, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 185. Ngawang Choekyong: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested between December 2 and 7, 1994. Currently held in Taktse prison. 186. Ngawang Choephel: Age: 29. A monk of Lithang monastery. Arrested August 20, 1993. 187. Ngawang Choeshe: Age: 24. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 188. Ngawang Choezom: Age: 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested March 21, 1993. Sentenced to 11 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 189. Ngawang Choglang: Age: 25. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 190. Ngawang Dadrol: Age: 17. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 15 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 191. Ngawang Dawa: Age: 16. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 9, 1991. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 192. Ngawang Debam: Age: 24. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested August 8, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 193. Ngawang Dedrol: Age: 23. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 194. Ngawang Dedrol: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 195. Ngawang Dipsel: A monk of Drepung monastery. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 196. Ngawang Dorje: Age: 21. A monk of Shedrupling monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 197. Ngawang Drolma: Age: 18. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested March 13, 1993. Currently held in Gusta prison. 198. Ngawang Gomchen: Age: 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested August 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 199. Ngawang Gyaltsen: Age: 21. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested May 3, 1991. A monk of Gutsa prison. 200. Ngawang Gyaltsen: Age: 36. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 4, 1989. Sentenced to 17 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 201. Ngawang Gyatso: A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 202. Ngawang Jamchen: Age: 24. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 27, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 203. Ngawang Jigme: Age 17. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested in September or October 1991. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 204. Ngawang Jigme: Age: 20. A monk of Medro monastery. Arrested June 6, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 205. Ngawang Jinpa: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested between December 2 and 7, 1994. 206. Ngawang Keldron: Age: between 19 and 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. 207. Ngawang Kelsang: A nun of Nyemo Gyaltse monastery. Arrested June 1993. 208. Ngawang Kelzom: Age: 24. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 2-5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 209. Ngawang Kelzom: Age: 24. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 210. Ngawang Khedup: Age: 24. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested June 15, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 211. Ngawang Kunsang: Age: 26. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested in January or February 1990. Sentenced to 14 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 212. Ngawang Kunsel: Age: 20. A nun of a Garu monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 213. Ngawang Kyema: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 22, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 214. Ngawang Lamchen: Age: 23. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 215. Ngawang Lamchung: Age: 22. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested December 12, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 216. Ngawang Lamdrol: Age: 19. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 217. Ngawang Ledoe: A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested 1983. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 218. Ngawang Legsang: Age: 22. A monk of Kyormolong monastery. Arrested 28, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 219. Ngawang Legshe: Age: 22. A monk of Kingka monastery. Arrested March 17, 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 220. Ngawang Legyon: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. 221. Ngawang Lhaksam: Age: 24. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 222. Ngawang Lhundrup: Age: 22. A monk of Kingka monastery. Arrested April 1991. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 223. Ngawang Lhundrup: Age: 33. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 16, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 224. Ngawang Lhundrup: Age: 19. A monk of Shedrupling monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 225. Ngawang Lobsang: Age: 23. A nun of Phenpo Namkar monastery. Arrested July 16, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 226. Ngawang Lochoe: Age: 23. A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 227. Ngawang Losel: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested between December 2 and 7, 1994. Currently held in Taktse prison. 228. Ngawang Losel: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. 229. Ngawang Lungtok: Age: 19. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 230. Ngawang Namdrol: Age: 23. A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 231. Ngawang Namling: Age: 28. A monk of Drugyal monastery. Arrested June 27, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 232. Ngawang Ngondron: A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 233. Ngawang Ngon-Kyen: Age: 19. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested between May 7 and 31, 1994. 234. Ngawang Nordrol: Age: 23. A nun of Samdrup Drolma monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 235. Ngawang Nyidrol: Age: 23. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested July 6, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 236. Ngawang Nyima: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently being held in Drapchi prison. 237. Ngawang Nyima: Age: 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 238. Ngawang Oeser: Age: 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 16, 1989. Sentenced to 17 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 239. Ngawang Palden: Age: 28. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested August 28, 1992. Sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 240. Ngawang Palgon: Age: 33. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested June 15, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 241. Ngawang Palmo: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 242. Ngawang Palsang: Age: 20. A monk of Medro monastery. Arrested June 6, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 243. Ngawang Pekar: Age: 29. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested March 1989. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 244. Ngawang Pelkyi: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 22, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Trisam prison. 245. Ngawang Pema: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 246. Ngawang Pemo: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 247. Ngawang Phulchung: Age: 34. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 16, 1989. Sentenced to 16 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 248. Ngawang: Age: 21. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 15, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 249. Ngawang Phuntsog: Age: 22. A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 250. Ngawang Phurdron: A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 251. Ngawnag Rabjor: Age: 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 27, 1991. Sentenced to six years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 252. Ngawang Rigdrol: Age: 21. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested between June 5 and 22, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 253. Ngawang Rigdrol: Age: 22. A nun of Phenpo Namkar monastery. Arrested July 17, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 254. Ngawang Rigzin: Age: 29. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested April 1989. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 255. Ngawang Samdrup: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 17, 1992. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 256. Ngawang Samten: Age: 20. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 5, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 257. Ngawang Samten: Age: 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested between March 9 and 11, 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 258. Ngawang Sangden: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 13, 1994. 259. Ngawang Sangdrol: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 17, 1992. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 260. Ngawang Sangye: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 261. Ngawang Shenyen: Age: 25. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested March 18, 1989. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 262. Ngawang Sherab: Age: 23. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested June 16, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 263. Ngawang Sherab: Age: 24. A monk of Jamchen monastery. Arrested March 11, 1992. Sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 264. Ngawang Sonam: Age: 21. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 265. Ngawang Songtsen: Age: 24. A monk of Jokhang monastery. Arrested March 1989. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 266. Ngawang Sothar: Age: 23. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 267. Ngawang Sungrab: Age: 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 27, 1991. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 268. Ngawang Tendrol: Age: 18. A nun of Toelung Ngengon monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 269. Ngawang Tengye: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 270. Ngawang Tenrab: Age: 37. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested March 16, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 271. Ngawang Tensang: Age: 21. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 14, 1991. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 272. Ngawang Tenzin: Age: 23. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 273. Ngawang Tenzin: Age: 18. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested February 19, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 274. Ngawang Tenzin: Age: 21. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested March 18, 1989. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 275. Ngawang Thoglam: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. Currently held in Taktse prison. 276. Ngawang Thupten: Age: 18. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested May 29, 1993. 277. Ngawang Thupten: Age: 19. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 10, 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 278. Ngawang Trinley: Age: 27. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 279. Ngawang Tsamdrol: Age: 21. A nun of Toelung monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Sentenced to a total of 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 280. Ngawang Tsangpa: Age: 21. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested between May 27 and 31, 1994. 281. Ngawang Tsedrol: Age: 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 282. Ngawang Tsondru: Age: 23. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested June 1, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 283. Ngawang Tsondru: Age: 26. A monk of Dingka monastery. Arrested March 17, 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 284. Ngawang Tsultrim: Age: 24. A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested March 18, 1989. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 285. Ngawang Tsultrim: A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested May 1993. 286. Ngawang Wangmo: A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 287. Ngawang Woeser: Age: 28. A monk of Dingka monastery. Arrested March 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 288. Ngawang Yangchen: Age: 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 289. Ngawang Yangdrol: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 290. Ngawang Yangkyi: A nun of Tsangkhung monastery. Arrested August 21, 1990. Currently held at Drapchi hospital. 291. Ngawang Yangkyi: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 292. Ngawang Yeshe: Age: 22. A monk of Serkhang monastery. Arrested February 11, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 293. Ngawang Zangpo: Age: 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested August 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 294. Ngawang Zoepa: Age: 25. A monk of Rong Jamchen monastery. Arrested between September 11 and 19, 1992. Sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 295. Ngawang Zoepa: Age: 28. A monk of Dingka monastery. Arrested March 17, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 296. Norbu: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 297. Norbu: Age: 20. A monk of Yamure monastery. Arrested January 11, 1995. 298. Norgye: Age: 23. A monk of Rong Jamchen monastery. Arrested September 19, 1992. Sentenced to 4-5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 299. Norzang: Age: 15. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 300. Norzin: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 301. Nyidrol: A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 302. Nyima: Age: 28. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested April 2, 1994. 303. Nyima: Age: 18. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 24, 1994. 304. Nyima Gyaltsen: Age: 23. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 305. Nyima Tenzin: Age: 27. A monk of Pangpa monastery. Arrested December 29, 1993. 306. Nyima Tsamchoe: Age: 25. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 22, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 307. Palden Choedron: Age: 19. A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested October 1, 1990. Sentenced to 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 308. Pasang: Age: 24. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 309. Pasang: A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested January 1992. Currently held in Medro jail. 310. Pasang: Age: 15. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 3, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 311. Passang: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested June 1993. 312. Pema Drolkar: Age: 18. A nun of Michungri monastery. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 313. Pema Oeser: Age: 16. A nun of Nagar monastery. Arrested August 17, 1993. 314. Pema Tsering: Age: 23. A monk of Serwa monastery. Arrested March 29, 1994. Sentenced to 15 years in prison. Currently held in Powo Tramo prison. 315. Pendron: A nun of Shungsen. Arrested December 12, 1993. 316. Penpa: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 317. Penpa: Age: 19. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 318. Penpa: Age: 21. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 4, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 319. Penpa: Age: 22. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 4, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 320. Penpa Wangmo: Age: 20. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 13, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 321. Pepar: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 322. Phetho: Age: 21. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested August 18, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 323. Phuntsog: Age: 21. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 324. Phuntsog Changsem: Age: 18. A monk of Drepung Monastery. Arrested September 14, 1991. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 325. Phuntsog Chenga: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 326. Phutsog Choedrag: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. 327. Phutsog Choejor: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. 328. Phutsog Choekyi: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 6-7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 329. Phuntsog Dadak: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 330. Phuntsog Demei: Age: 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 199?. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 331. Phuntsog Dondrup: Age: 17. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 10, 1991. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 332. Phuntsog Gonpo: Age: 19. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 14, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 333. Phuntsog Gyaltsen: Age: 26. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 7, 1988. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 334. Phuntsog Jigdral: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. Currently held in Taktse prison. 335. Phuntsog Jorchu: Age: 26. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested August 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 336. Phuntsog Legsang: Age: 21. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 337. Phuntsog Lochoe: Age: 24. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested March 21, 1992. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 338. Phuntsog Lhundrup: A monk of Sang-Ngag monastery. Arrested December 2 or 7, 1994. 339. Phuntsog Namgyal: Age: 23. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 340. Phuntsog Nyidron: Age: 23. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested between October and December 1990. Sentenced to a total of 17 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 341. Phuntsog Nyimgbu: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested October 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 342. Phuntsog Pema: Age 23. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested between October and December 1990. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 343. Phuntsog Peyang: Age 27. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 344. Phuntsog Rigchog: Age 28. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 345. Phuntsog Samten: Age 24. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested September 4, 1991. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 346. Phuntsog Samten: Age 23. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 347. Phuntsog Segyi: Age 22. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 348. Phuntsog Seldrag: Age 17. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 349. Phuntsog Tendon: Age 14. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 350. Phuntsog Thoesam: Age 23. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested June 1, 1993. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 351. Phuntsog Thrinden: Age 19. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 352. Phuntsog Thubten: Age 30. A monk of Rame monastery. Arrested June 12, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 353. Thuntog Thutop: Age 20. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested September 14, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 354. Phuntsog Tsamchoe: Age 22. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested March 3, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 355. Phuntsog Tsering: Age 20. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested September 4, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 356. Phuntsog Tsomo: Age 19. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 357. Phuntsog Tsungme: Age 21. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested May 26, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 358. Phuntsog Wangden: Age 23. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested September 4, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 359. Phuntsog Wangdu: Age 25. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 18, 1993. 360. Phuntsog Wangmo: Age 21. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested May 25, 1994. 361. Phuntsog Zoepa: Age 19. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 362. Phurbu: Age 19. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested October 10, 1989. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 363. Phurbu: Age 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested September 30, 1989. Sentenced to a total of 9 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 364. Phurbu: Age 16. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 3, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 365. Phurbu Tashi: Age 15. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. Sentenced to 2 years, 6 months in prison. 366. Phurbu Tashi: Age. 20. A monk of Pangpa monastery. Arrested December 29, 1993. 367. Phurbu Tsamchoe: A nun of Tsangkhung monastery. Arrested June 10, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 368. Phurbu Tsering: A monk of Tashi Lhunpo monastery. Arrested June 15, 1993. 369. Rigzin Choekyi: Age: 24. A nun of Shungsepmonastery. Arrested August 1990. Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 370. Rigzin Tsondru: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 371. Rinchen Drolma: Age: 23. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. Sentenced to 2-4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 372. Rinchen Sangmo: Age: 20. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 22, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 373. Samten Choesang: Age: 20. A nun of Phenpo Namkar monastery. Arrested July 16, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. 374. Samten Sangmo: Age: 20. A nun of Phenpo Namkar. Arrested July 16, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 375. Seldroen: Age: 17. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 14, 1994. Currently held in Guta prison. 376. Shenyen Logsang: A monk of Kyemolung monastery. Arrested June 16, 1993. 377. Sherabl Drolma: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 9, 1993. 378. Sherab Ngawang: Age: 12. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 3, 1992. Sentended to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Trisam prison. 379. Shilok: Age: 33. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested March 30, 1992. Currently held in Tsethang prison. 380. Sodor: Age: 20. A monk of Lhoka monastery. Arrested August 16, 1989. Sentenced to a total of 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 381. Sonam: A monk of Drak Yerpa monastery. Arrested August 1994. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 382. Sonam Bagdro: Age: 24. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to Gutsa prison. 383. Sonam Choephel: Age: 12. A monk of Cunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. 384. Sonam Drolkar: A nun of Dechen Khul monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 385. Sonam Gyalpo: A monk of Tashilhunpo monastery. Arrested July 1, 1993. 386. Sonam Tenzin: A monk of Dakpo. Arrested January 1992. Currently held in Medro jail. 387. Sonam Tsering: Age: 20. A monk of Yamure monastery. Arrested January 11, 1995. 388. Sotop: Age: 23. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested March 1989. Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 389. Tapsang: Age: 22. A nun of Sungsep monastery. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 390. Tashi Dawa: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 391. Tendar Phuntsog: Age: 62. A monk of Potala monastery. Arrested March 8, 1989. Sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 392. Tenpa Wangdrag: Age: 49. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 7, 1988. Sentenced to 14 years in prison. Currently held in Powo Tramo prison. 393. Tenzin: Age: 23. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 1, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 394. Tenzin: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 7, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 395. Tenzin: Age: 24. A monk of Bu Gon monastery. Arrested January 13, 1994. 396. Tenzin Choekyi: Age: 19. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested March 11, 1993. 397. Tenzin Choekyi: A nun of Choebup monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 398. Tenzin Choephel: Age: 16. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 399. Tenzin Dekyong: Age: 15. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested March 13, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 400. Tenzin Dradul: Age: 18. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 9, 1993. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 401. Tanzin Drakpa: Age: 23. A monk of Dakpo monastery. Arrested December 6, 1991. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 402. Tenzin Dragpa: Age: 24. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 10, 1992. Sentenced to 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 403. Tenzin Kunsang: A nun of Bumthang monastery. Arrested March 12, 1994. 404. Tenzin Namdrak: Age: 23. A monk of Phakmo monastery. Arrested August 13, 1993. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 405. Tenzin Ngawang: Age: 21. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested between August 12 and 21, 1990. Sentenced up to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 406. Tenzin Phuntsog: Age: 24. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 407. Tenzin Rabten: Age: 21. A monk of Shelkar monastery. Arrested June 14, 1993. 408. Tenzin Thupten: Age: 20. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested between August 12 and 21, 1990. Sentenced up to 14 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 409. Tenzin Trinley: Age: 23. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested November 7, 1992. Sentenced to 3-4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 410. Tenzin Wangdu: Age: 19. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested between June 10 and 13, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 411. Thapke: Age: 17. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 412. Tharpa: Age: 17. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 24, 1994. 413. Thupten Geleg: Age: 16. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested May 31, 1994. 414. Thupten Kelsang: Age: 18. A monk of Phurchok monastery. Arrested May 16, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 415. Thupten Kelsang: Age: 19. A monk of Lo monastery. Arrested May 4, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 416. Thupten Kunga: Age: 70. A monk of Rong Jamchen monastery. Arrested April 10, 1992. 417. Thupten Kunkhyen: Age: 17. A monk of Chideshol monastery. Arrested November 7, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 418. Thupten Kunphel: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 419. Thupten Monlam: Age: 20. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested August 8, 1992. Sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 420. Thupten Phuntsog: Age: 26. A monk of Rame monastery. Arrested June 22, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. 421. Thupten Tsering: Age: 25. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested May 19, 1993. Currently held in Seitru prison. 422. Thupten Tsondru: Age: 23. A monk of Chideshol monastery. Arrested April 6, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 423. Topgyal: Age: 21. A monk of Bu Gon monastery. Arrested February 1994. 424. Trinley Choedron: Age: 18. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 13, 1995. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 425. Trinley Choezom: Age: 18. A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested February 3, 1992. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 426. Trinley Gyaltsen: Age: 16. A monk of Tsepak monastery. Arrested June 4, 1993. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 427. Trinley Gyamtso: Age: 24. A monk of Labrang monastery. Arrested September 1994. 428. Trinly Tenzin: A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested either May 12 or 13, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 429. Tsamchoe: A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested June 1, 1992. 430. Tsamchoe: Age: 19. A nun of Nagar monastery. Arrested August 17, 1993. 431. Tsering: Age: 20. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested between September and November 1992. 432. Tsering: A nun of Michungri monastery. Arrested March 11, 1993. 433. Tsering: Age: 23. A monk of Lhodrak monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 434. Tsering Choedron: A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested May 14, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 435. Tsering Choedron: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 11, 1992. 436. Tsering Choekyi: A nun of Sungsep monastery. Arrested December 12, 1992. 437. Tsering Donden: Age: 26. A monk of Dunbu monastery. Arrested May 30, 1993. 438. Tsering Dondrup: Age: 25. A monk of Nyethang monastery. Arrested September 4, 1991. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 439. Tsering Phuntsog: Age: 26. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested March 20, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 440. Tsering Phuntsog: Age: 24. A monk of Palkhor monastery. Arrested in July or August 1990. Sentenced to 13 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 441. Tsering Samdrup: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested June 19, 1994. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 442. Tsering Tashi: Age: 20. A monk of Sera monastery. Arrested May 26, 1991. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 443. Tseten: Age: 22. A nun of Garu monastery. Arrested January 1990. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 444. Tseten Ngodrup: Age: 19. A monk of Phagmo monastery. Arrested August 13, 1993. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 445. Tseten Nyima: A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. 446. Tseten Samdup: Age: 17. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. 447. Tsetob: Age: 28. A monk of Bu Gon monastery. Arrested January 13, 1994. 448. Tsetse: Age: 47. A monk of Bu Gon monastery. Arrested January 13, 1994. Currently held in Chamdo prison. 449. Tsultrim Donden: Age: 23. A monk of Drepung monastery. Arrested May 12, 1992. Sentenced to 4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 450. Tsultrim Gyaltsen: Age: 23. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 5, 1993. 451. Tsultrim Nyima: Age: 21. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 1992. Currently held in Gutsa monastery. 452. Tsultrim Sherab: Age: 19. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 5, 1993. 453. Tsultrim Tharchin: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 11, 1993. 454. Tsultrim Topgyal: Age: 20. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 455. Tsultrim Zangmo: Age: 23. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 14, 1994. 456. Tsultrim Zoepa: Age: 23. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested July 5, 1993. 456. Walgon Tsering: A monk of Qinghai monastery. Arrested September 1994. Currently held in Hainan County prison. 457. Wangdu: Age: 22. A monk of Jokhang monastery. Arrested March 8, 1989. Sentenced to a total of 8 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 458. Yangdron: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 11, 1993. 459. Yangzom: Age: 23. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested March 21, 1992. Currently held in Gutsa prison. 460. Yeshe Choezang: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 11, 1993. 461. Yeshe Dolma: Age: 28. A nun of Shar Bumpa monastery. Arrested June 15, 1994. 462. Yeshe Drolma: Age 24. A nun of Chubsang monastery. Arrested August 12, 1992. Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 463. Yeshe Dradul: Age: 24. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested March 13, 1989. Sentenced to 5-6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 464. Yeshe Jamyang: Age: 19. A monk of Serkhang monastery. Arrested February 11, 1992. Sentenced to 3-4 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 465. Yeshe Jinpa: Age: 20. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested June 28, 1993. 466. Yeshe Kalsang: Age: 20. A monk of Gyaldoe monastery. Arrested June 6, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 467. Yeshe Khedrup: Age: 20. A monk of Ganden monastery. Arrested May 6, 1992. Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 468. Yeshe Kunsang: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 11, 1993. 469. Yeshe Ngawang: Age: 22. A monk of Sungrabling monastery. Arrested March 13, 1989. Sentenced to a total of 14 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 470. Yeshe Samten: Age: 22. A monk of Kyemolong monastery. Arrested June 19, 1993. Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Currently held in Drapchi prison. 471. Yeshe Tsondu: A nun of Shungsep monastery. Arrested December 12, 1993. July 3, 1995 [Primary Source: The Puebla Institute] Protestants Imprisoned and Detained in China 1. Dai Gullang: Age: 45. Arrested August 25, 1993. Sentenced without trial to three years' ``reform through labor.'' Currently held in Xuancheng Labor Camp, Anhui province. 2. Dai Lanmei: Age: 27. Arrested August 25, 1993. Sentenced without trial to two years' ``reform through labor.'' Currently held in Xuancheng Labor Camp, Anhui province. 3. Fan Zhi: Arrested after August 1991. 4. Ge Xinliang: Age: 27. Arrested August 25, 1993. Sentenced without trial to two years' ``reform through labor.'' 5. Guo Mengshan: Age: 41. Arrested July 20, 1993. Sentenced without trial to three years' ``reform through labor.'' Reportedly held at Xuancheng Labor Camp, Anhui province. 6. Jiang Huaifeng: Age: 61. Arrested late September 1994. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently detained at Xuancheng Coal Mine Labor Reform Camp in southern Anhui. 7. Leng Zhaoqing: Arrested after August 1991. 8. Li Haochen: Arrested September 1993. Reportedly sentenced to three years' ``reform through labor.'' Originally held in Mengcheng county prison, but current whereabouts are unknown. 9. Liu Wenjie: Arrested July 20, 1993. Length of sentence unknown. Reportedly detained in Xuancheng Labor Camp, Anhui province. 10. Wang Yao Hua: Age: early 30s. Arrested 1993. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' 11. Wang Dabao: Arrested after August 1991. 12. Xu Hanrong: Arrested after August 1991. 13. Yang Mingfen: Arrested after August 1991. 14. Xu Fanian: Age: 51. Arrested late September 1994. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently detained in Xuancheng Coal Mine Labor Reform Camp, southern Anhui. 15. Zheng Shaoying: Arrested after August 1991. 16. Zhang Guanchun: Arrested after August 1991. 17. Zhang Jiuzhong: Arrested in 1993. Sentenced to two years' ``reform through labor.'' 18. Zheng Lanyun: Arrested July 20, 1993. Reportedly detained in Xuancheng Labor Camp, Anhui province. 19. Gou Qinghui: Arrested June 3, 1994. Detained in Beijing. 20. Wang Huamin: Arrested June 3, 1994. Detained in Beijing. 21. Wu Rengang: Arrested June 3, 1994. Detained in Beijing. 22. Xu Honghai: Arrested June 3, 1994. Detained in Beijing. 23. Chen Zhuman: Age: 50. Arrested December 14, 1991. Sentenced without trial to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Reported detained in a prison in Quanzhou, Fujian. 24. Han Kangrui: Age: 48. Reportedly detained in Longtian town detention center. 25. He Xianzing: Age: 53. Arrested December 23, 1993. Reportedly detained in Jiangjing town detention center. 26. Lin Zilong: Age: 81. Arrested December 23, 1993. Reportedly held in administrative detention in Fuqing police station jail. 27. Yang Xinfei: Age: 67. Under police surveillance. 28. Bai Shuqian: Arrested 1983. Sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. Reportedly detained in Kaifeng, Henan. 29. Du Zhangji: Arrested 1985. Sentenced to eight years in prison. Not known to have been released. 30. Geng Menzuan: Age: 65. Arrested July 9, 1983. Sentenced to 11 years in prison and five years deprivation of political rights. 31. He Suolie: Arrested 1985. Sentenced to five years in prison. Not known to have been released. 32. Kang Manshuang: Arrested 1985. Sentenced to four years in prison. Not known to have been released. 33. Pan Yiyuan: Age: 58. Arrested February 2, 1994. Reportedly detained in Zhangzhou Detention Center. 34. Qin Zhenjun: Age: 49. Arrested July 9, 1983. Sentenced to nine years' in prison. Reportedly released but movement is restricted and remains under police surveillance. 35. Song Yude: Age: 40. Arrested July 16, 1984. Sentenced to eight years' imprisonment. Released April 1992 but still deprived of political rights. 36. Wang Baoquan: Age: 67. Arrested July 9, 1983. Sentenced to six years' imprisonment. Reportedly released but still denied political rights. 37. Wang Xincai: Age: 31. Arrested July 9, 1983. Sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Currently held at Henan Provincial Prison No. 3, Yuzian. 38. Xu Yongze: Age: 52. Arrested April 16, 1988. Sentenced to three years' imprisonment. Released May 20, 1991. Remains under strict police surveillance and is reportedly forced to report periodically to the local Public Security Bureau. 39. Xue Guiwen: Age: 38. Arrested July 9, 1983. Sentenced to six years' imprisonment and deprived of political rights for 5 years. Released, but still deprived of political rights. 40. Zhao Donghai: Sentenced in 1982 or 1983 to 13 years' imprisonment. 41. Xu Fang: Age: 21. Arrested September 1993. 42. Chen Xurong: Arrested in May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong province. 43. Fan Zueying: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 44. Li Qihua: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 45. Li Cuiling: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 46. Liu Limin: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 47. Liu Ping: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 48. Qin Zingcai; Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 49. Sun Faxia: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 50. Sun Fuqin: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two year's ``reeducation through labor.'' Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 51. Sun Jingxiu: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 52. Wang Guiqin: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently detained in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 53. Wu Xiuling: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 54. Yang Zhuanyuan: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to three years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Currently held in Wangcun, Zibo, Shandong. 55. Zheng Jikuo: Arrested June 1992. Sentenced to 9 years' imprisonment. Held in an unknown location. 56. Zheng Yunsu: Arrested June 1992. Sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. Reported held at the Shengjian Motorcycle Factory labor camp near Jinan city. 57. Zheng (given name unknown): Son of Zheng Yunsu (No. 56). Arrested June 1992. Sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Held in an unknown location. 58. Zheng (given name unknown): Son of Zheng Yunsu (No. 56). Arrested June 1992. Sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Held in an unknown location. 59. Zhou Wenxia: Arrested May or June 1992. Sentenced to two years' ``reeducation through labor.'' Should have been released in 1994 but no release has been reported or confirmed. 60. Pei Zhongxun: (Korean name: Chun Chul) Age: 76. Ethnic Korean. Arrested August 1983. Sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Currently held in Shanghai Prison No. 2. 61. Xie Moshan: (Moses Xie) Age: early 70s. Arrested April 24, 1992. Released July 23, 1992 but movements are severely restricted and he is required to report periodically to the local Public Security Bureau. Mail is regularly intercepted and read by local authorities. 62. He Chengzhou: Reportedly had a bounty for his capture (dead or alive) placed on his head in early 1992. 63. Lalling (given name unknown): Reportedly being held in the Yunan State Prison near the Burmese border. 64. Nawlkung (given name unknown): Reportedly being held in the Yunan State Prison near the Burmese border. 65. Wang Jiashui: Reportedly had a bounty for his capture (dead or alive) placed on his head in early 1992.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, why all these abortion votes and debates on appropriations bills? It is precisely because unless we affirmatively and explicitly prohibit funding for abortion in a myriad of Federal programs, like the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, abortion will be paid for with tax funds. The simple fact of the matter is that the abortion industry is like a lamprey, a leech, draining taxpayer funds from the Federal Treasury unless specific language precludes its use. The underlying bill language offered by the gentleman from Iowa, Chairman Lightfoot, halts the flow of taxpayer funds for this program, and I congratulate him for his courage and very sensitivity to women and children in doing this. [[Page H 7196]] Two earlier speakers suggested that this debate is not about abortion, but surely it is. However, that line of argument has been used in the past when the Hyde amendment was up, it was about economic equity for poor women vis-a-vis rich women. When the D.C. bill came up, it was the home rule question. When the DOD bill comes up, it is military health care. Mr. Chairman, this amendment is about abortion. Prior to its inclusion back in the early 1980's, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program paid for 17,000 abortions. That is a lot of children who have died. Mr. Chairman, children are not property. Children are not objects. I applaud the feminists when they say women should not be treated as objects. But where is the consistency when the pro-abortion feminists turn around and say unborn children can be reduced to per sona non grata, to someone who can be killed, boys and girls, at will? The Hoyer amendment would fund the deed of abortion, and that is why I think it is so crucial to realize that we are part of that. We are actually paying for the deed if Members were to support the Hoyer amendment. And the abortion methods are gruesome, literal dismemberment of an unborn child, chemical poisoning of children, injections of poisons. Not injections of medicines that are designed to safeguard, help, and nurture the child, but poisons that have only one intent-- destroy the baby, bring on labor, and produce that child. Some years ago I met a young lady, my wife and I, by the name of Nancy Jo Mann, that is her real name, from Iowa. She had a perfectly legal abortion at 5\1/2\ months. She talked about it at great length before a House committee. She said, ``Once they put the saline in, there is no way to reverse it. For the next hour and a half, I felt my daughter thrash around violently while she was being choked, poisoned, burned, and suffocated to death. I did not know any of this was going to happen. I remember telling my baby, I didn't want to do this. I wished that she could live, and yet she was dying. And I remember her very last kick on her left side. She had no strength left. I tried to imagine us dying that kind of death, a pillow put over us, suffocating. In 4 minutes we would pass out. We would have the fight of passing out. It took her an hour and a half to die.'' The Hoyer amendment, make no mistake about it, will fund chemical poisonings like the one that killed Nancy Jo Mann's baby. That is what this is all about, funding the deed. I urge rejection.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I think the point whether or not CBO scores it or not is irrelevant. We are talking about a very huge investment of Federal dollars into an employee program that I am a part of, and perhaps every Member of this Congress, over which we have jurisdiction. OPM has made it very clear, their general counsel year in and year out, that we can limit or we can provide, if the body so chose, to provide abortion on demand. We have that capability. It seems that where we can save even one life, we ought to step in on behalf of that individual, especially when we are facilitating it by tax dollars.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. At the National Prayer Breakfast last year, Mother Teresa addressed thousands of political leaders, including the President of the United States, Bill Clinton. It seems to me no one can listen to Mother Teresa and not be moved to believe that this small, frail, and humble woman, in her stands a very powerful message of peace and hope and of love. She looked directly at the President of the United States and said, ``Please don't kill the child. I want the child,'' she went on. ``We are fighting abortion with adoption, by care of the mother and adoption of her baby.'' Mother Teresa said, ``The greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion, because it is a war against the child, a direct killing of an innocent child.'' She also went on to point out during her very lengthy comments that ``there is a linkage between abortion and other forms of violence. Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use violence to get what they want.'' That is why ``the greatest destroyer of love and peace,'' according to Mother Teresa, and I fully agree, ``the greatest destroyer of love and peace is abortion.'' Mr. Chairman, abortion is violence. I tried yesterday to point out to some of my colleagues the we need to strip away all of the euphemisms, all of the cover and the cloaking that is done, all of the clever marketing that is done by the abortion industry to conceal the compelling reality, the awesome and gruesome reality of abortion on demand. Mr. Chairman, abortion methods include dismembering innocent children with razor blades and suction devices or injections of chemical poisons that are designed to kill the child. There is more research being done by some of the pharmaceutical companies to find stronger and more lethal doses, not healing, not chemicals that will provide healing for children, but those that will do the deed more efficiently by killing the unborn child. Abortion on demand, and this, the Hoyer amendment, facilities abortion on demand, treats pregnancy as a sexually transmitted disease, as a tumor, a wart, a piece of trash to be destroyed. Yet, if any one of us have ever watched an unborn child's image on an ultrasound or a sonogram screen, you cannot help but be awed by the miracle of human life, by the preciousness of a child's being, and moved to pity by the helplessness and the vulnerability of that child. To see an unborn child turning and twisting, kicking and sucking his or her thumb while still in utero, it shatters the myth that the abortion industry so cleverly markets that we are merely removing some tissue or the products of conception, or some of the other dehumanizing words used to describe the unborn child. Peel away the euphemisms that sanitize abortion, and the cruelty to children and their mothers becomes readily apparent to anyone with an open mind. Mr. Chairman, I have worked for 15 years as a Member of Congress on human rights. I worked with the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. Hoyer] on the Helsinki Commission, I am chairman of that commission, for religious freedom, trying to get dissidents out of prisons. I have been all over Europe, the People's Republic of China and other captive nations, but I would submit that the human rights issue of our time is the unborn child, the protection of those children, boys and girls who are routinely killed, some 4,000 each and every day in this country, and many millions more around the globe. Before this amendment was in place, the U.S. Government paid for 17,000 abortions under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Then the Congress wisely moved in and said ``No, we ought not to be doing that. We ought to be protecting life, not taking it,'' and the language went in and was renewed each and every year during the 1980's and the 1990's, and we stopped this facilitation and funding of abortion on demand. Seventeen thousand children, that is a lot of kids, a lot of boys and girls who will not be playing basketball or soccer or baseball or any other sport or any other kind of activity because their lives have been snuffed out. Government ought to care for the innocent and weak. This amendment is antichild. I urge rejection of it.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, that is an accounting deal. We are talking about U.S. taxpayer dollars, mine, the gentleman's, going into a fund that then is doled out as part of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Yes, there is a contribution made by the employee, roughly 30 percent, but there is also a 70-percent contribution made by the Federal Government, we as taxpayers, and then there are the premium payers. I myself, my wife and I, got out of Kaiser because they were providing abortions. We were providing premiums, so then both as taxpayer and as premium payer, we were contributing to abortion at Kaiser. We got out of it because we were so upset with the killing of unborn children at Kaiser Permanente.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Reclaiming my time, Mr. Chairman, it is a taxpayer-funding issue but it also provides and facilitates abortion by granting this authority to the HMO's and other providers of health care under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield to the gentleman from Maryland.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I rise in very strong opposition to the Hoyer amendment, and I urge Members to realize that this is a pro-abortion amendment and would provide and facilitate abortion on demand. It would force taxpayers to underwrite the cost of abortions, and premium payers would also have to pay for abortions as well. Mr. Chairman, let me remind Members that we contribute as taxpayers, [[Page H 7187]] we contribute 70 percent, a little over 70 percent, of the funding to the Federal Employees Health Benefits Plan. Not only that, even if it was not a taxpayer-funded issue, by providing this money we are also facilitating, by providing this authority which would be precluded by the underlying language, we are facilitating the demise and the destruction of unborn children.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, yesterday the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights, which I chair, held a hearing on the upcoming Fourth International Conference on Women, currently scheduled to be held in Beijing later this summer. Numerous eloquent witnesses called attention to certain features of the draft document that this conference will almost certainly adopt. While there is much that is positive in the document, there is also a systematic denigration of marriage, childrearing, and family. As was pointed out at our hearing by Cecilia Royals of the National Institute of Womanhood, the document disparages a central life experience of 90 percent of the world's women, and attempts to turn women who emphasize family life into a new marginalized class. I would like to put before my colleagues the testimony of another witness: Diane Knippers, president of the Institute on Religion and Democracy, and cochair of the Ecumenical Coalition on Women and Society [ECWS] Beijing team. Ms. Knipper's testimony offers several reasons for doubting the draft document's effectiveness as a tool for promoting the human rights of women. Testimony of Diane L. Knippers The adoption of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948 gave the world a powerful mechanism for holding nations accountable for the basic rights of all persons. Sadly, in recent years we have seen efforts to erode these basic standards as authoritarian governments argue that human rights are not universal, but are culturally relative. But another form of erosion is more subtle, more insidious, and more dangerous. It is the trend toward defining every conceivable social goal as a human right--whether or not these social goals are properly the responsibilities of governments and whether or not they are even obtainable. The result is obvious. When everything is considered a right, finally nothing can be defended as a right. The Fourth World Conference on Women and its draft Platform for Action offer prime examples of this erosion. The adoption of this platform will undermine the pursuit of basic human rights. Even more troubling, it will also sacrifice efforts on behalf of women whose rights are the most repressed and abused in favor of the controversial social goals of Western gender feminists. This is a tragedy. Let me cite several examples of the human rights flaws in the draft Platform for Action and the conference itself. A. The draft Platform's commitment to universality is unsure. Every reference to universal human rights is bracketed. If this document does not affirm universality it will mark a serious regression in the progress toward human rigths within the international community. B. The call to address the basic rights of women is blurred and minimized in the draft Platform's context of social engineering and expansive and questionable goals. Serious abuses of rights of women, even when mentioned in the document, are diminished in the context of grandiose plans for re-engineering society. For example, achieving for all women the basic right to vote and participate in elections is a much more urgent task than working to ensure equality of outcomes such as equal numbers of men and women in all parliaments. Let me offer examples of abuses of women that are mentioned in the draft Platform, but diminished by the larger context. There is the urgent need to combat prostitution and pornography, particularly involving children. A recent report of a religious group which operates ministries in Thailand to young women who have been forced into prostitution tells of girls as young as 12 sold to brothels. One child said the brothel owner would beat her to make her stop crying while she was ``entertaining'' customers. Another example is slavery, which has not been eradicated but is still practiced in nations such as Mauritania and Sudan. A recent fact-finding team organized by Christian Solidarity International reports that local officials estimate that some 1,000 women and children have been taken into slavery in the last five years from one Sudanese town alone. Team members met a 14-year-old Sudanese girl who had been kidnapped and sold into slavery when she was seven. Yet the atrocity of human slavery gets only passing mention in the 121-page Platform for Action. Such blatant and egregious human rights abuses are trivialized in the context of a document that takes on the grandiose aim to redefine gender roles in every society with no reference to biological differences between men and women. C. The Platform will result in the expansion of the coercive and intrusive powers of governments and international agencies in the lives of individuals and families. The goals of the draft Platform for Action--particularly (1) defining equality as outcome rather than opportunity and (2) obliterating any distinctive male or female roles--will lead inexorably to the expansion of the coercive power of governments. There is no question that this will contribute to anti-democratic practices. It will also undermine the rights of individuals and families (beginning with the rights of parents to train their own children). D. Serious human rights abuses, such as religious repression, are ignored. The most serious omission in the draft Platform is any acknowledgement of freedom of conscience or of religion for women. Throughout the document, religion is cited as a source of repression of women. There is only one brief (and still bracketed) acknowledgement of the spiritual needs of women. But nowhere in 121 pages does the document call for religious freedom for women. Women should have the right to engage in religious practice, to change their religion, and to propagate their religious faith, particularly to their children. Women who change their religion should be free of the threat of state- imposed divorce or the threat of having their children taken from them. The irony is that this conference on women is being held in a country which currently imprisons women for practicing their faith. E. Holding the Fourth World Conference on Women in China also serves to undermine international human rights standards. The Ecumenical Coalition on Women and Society is calling upon the U.S. government to boycott the Beijing women's conference unless two conditions are met. The first is that Harry Wu must be freed from prison. The second is that our government must obtain assurances from the Peoples Republic of China that U.S. citizens and other UN conference participants will enjoy the basic rights of freedom of conscience, freedom of opinion and expression, and freedom of peaceful assembly as guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Women in non-governmental organizations going to Beijing are being told that they risk interrogation if they meet in groups of more than five, that they cannot meet in hotel rooms, they can't unfurl banners, they can't take in religious literature, they can't engage in corporate prayer outside a special tent, they can't take unregistered computers or fax machines into hotel rooms. How can we begin to discuss human rights in a climate in which those rights are ignored and abused? It would be unconscionable for the United States to participate in such a sham. conclusion Women are brutally denied basic human rights in many parts of the world. Women suffer denial of educational opportunities and property rights, forced abortion and forced sterilization, genital mutilation, prostitution, rape, female infanticide, the threat of execution for apostasy or blasphemy, slavery--the list goes on and on. The campaign to combat the truly horrible abuses of women is undermined by linking women's rights with highly questionable economic, social, and environmental theories. [[Page E 1468]] The Beijing agenda goes far beyond basic rights for women. The draft Platform claims that peace and development cannot be achieved unless women represent 50 percent of all national and international political and economic agencies. How or why women are uniquely capable of bringing in this utopia is never explained. The danger of the Beijing women's conference is that it attempts sweeping and unnecessary social change--change that will undermine rather than enhance the rights of women. The draft Platform for Action equals or surpasses the Marxist- Leninist experiment in its ambition. The draft Platform for Action calls for the most intrusive, arrogant, and radical restructuring of the social order in human history--all on the baseless assumption that this will produce a just, prosperous, and peaceful world. I'm convinced of the opposite. It is the road to tyranny and oppression for women and for men.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I thank my good friend for yielding time to me. Mr. Chairman, I urge Members to vote no on the Hoyer amendment, which would gut the every effective language that was put into the legislation by the chairman of the committee, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. Lightfoot]. Let me just remind Members, as the chairman pointed out so well, the language that is in the bill was current law throughout the 1980's and into the 1990's, but regrettably during the last Congress we were unable to get the language put back into the appropriations bill so we began paying for abortion on demand as part of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Mr. Chairman, I think it is becoming increasingly clear by way of public opinion polls, by way of the kind of feedback that we are all getting from our home districts, that people do not want to subsidize abortion on demand, they do not want taxpayer funds or premium funds being used to subsidize for willful killing of unborn children simply because they are inconvenient, simply because it is a matter of a birth control abortion or for some other reason. Make no mistake about it. The Hoyer amendment, if it succeeds, would usher in abortion on demand at any time during the pregnancy, and we would have situations where babies are literally dismembered or chemically poisoned simply because we were subsidizing and providing the wherewithal to kill those babies. Taxpayers do not want any part of this. Let me make that clear. We saw with the national health care reform [[Page H 7147]] debate last year, which unfortunately never happened because all of us heard from our constituents that they did not want to provide premium dollars or tax dollars for this grisly business. Let me remind Members, too, that as part of the Federal employees health benefits plan taxpayers foot approximately 70 percent of the contribution. I think everyone knows that Federal employees, including Members of Congress, do not pay the whole freight, if you will, the entire bill when it comes to our Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. An overwhelming amount of it, 70 percent, 72 percent to be exact, is footed by the taxpayer. So this is a government-taxpayer-funded issue, not unlike the Hyde amendment. So I would remind Members that if they are for the Hyde amendment they have to be against the Hoyer amendment and for the underlying language that Chairman Lightfoot put in. You know, I think it is becoming increasingly clear as well, Mr. Chairman, and the fight and debate that is going on in the Committee on the Judiciary on the partial birth abortion whereby children are literally almost completely born only to be killed by the abortionist by sucking the brain out of the baby. And this goes on. And those who accuse those of us on this side of trying to inflame or in any way emotionalize this issue, it is the pro-abortion side, I would submit, that has to apologize or at least explain why they do this kind of violence, why they inflict this kind of violence on unborn children. Well, the dirty secret of the abortion movement itself are the methods themselves, the chemical poisonings that go on, the injections of high concentrated salt solutions that literally pickle the baby alive inside the mother's uterus, usually takes about 2 hours for the baby to die. It is a very slow and gruesome death. The child swallows, gulps the salt-filled amniotic water, the water inside the amniotic sac, to die a very cruel death. That is what we would subsidize if we go with the Hoyer amendment, because saline abortions are done in those HMO's and in those hospitals and under the auspices of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. We would also be subsidizing the dismemberment of unborn children, again, the dirt secret of the abortion movement, a child literally dismembered, arms, legs, torso, head, completely cut. Nobody wants to talk about that. People roll their eyes and say we are bringing emotion into this. These are the plain facts of what abortion does to a baby. It is violence. We need to be providing positive, nonviolent alternatives to women who have distressful pregnancies, not providing and facilitating by way of taxpayer dollars the killing of their unborn children. Let me also point out that the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program does not distinguish between lower and upper income employees. Without the Lightfoot language, taxpayers subsidize most of the costs of all Federal employees and their families, even those making over $100,000, so we would be paying for abortions for them as well. I want to just conclude by reminding Members unborn children are not warts, a pregnancy is not a disease, and if we go with Mr. Hoyer's amendment we will be saying that if a child, simply because he or she is inconvenient or unwanted, we will provide the wherewithal, we will provide the means, the money to have that child destroyed. Reject the Hoyer amendment, it is anti-child, and support the underlying language of the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. Lightfoot].

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from California for his very fine statement. I urge Members to support this amendment. I think it is very pro refugee. As the gentleman pointed out, there are over $2 million in operating expenses for salaries for the State Department. We held seven hearings in my subcommittee. A portion of those hearings were looking at precisely that very point. There is room there, believe me, to fund the salaries and expenses of the PRN Bureau as there is using those proper spigots to fund the other bureaus and not take it away from the refugees, which again we tried to hold harmless. I hope this amendment, if passed, will survive in conference, because again we are awash in refugees, and I think we need to recognize this is a modest effort we are making, and there is nothing above and beyond in preserving this $12 million.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may consume to the gentleman from California [Mr. Becerra].

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield to the gentleman from New York. (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment offered by my friend and colleague on the Committee on International Relations, the gentleman from New York [Mr. Engel]. It would require the retention of sanctions currently imposed against Serbia until the Serbian Government implements specific improvements in the human rights situation in Kosova. The amendment implements the Kosova Peace, Democracy and Human Rights Act of 1995, which was introduced by the gentleman from New York [Mr. Gilman], cosponsored by the gentleman from New York [Mr. Engel] and myself, among others. The amendment recognizes the people of Kosova are a captive nation. These ethnic Albanians, who take great pride in their own history, language, and culture, have been forced to submit to a foreign rule, first by great power politics and then by a communist tyranny. The amendment also recognizes the harsh conditions, and we have had hearings on the Helsinki Commission on this, Mr. Chairman, and it is very, very, very harsh, and they have been imposed by the Serb state. It further recognizes that until basic justice is done, Kosova will always be a place not only of oppression but also of potential conflict. Finally, the Engel amendment recognizes the potential of the Kosova conflict to affect relations among a large number of states, including not only Serbia but also Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey. It is a good amendment. I hope the body will accept it.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to speak to several provisions of the Energy and Water Appropriations bill for fiscal year 1996 which will profoundly affect my home State of New Jersey. First of all, I am pleased that the committee has soundly rejected President Clinton's short-sighted proposal to phase out the important work of the Army Corps of Engineers in shore protection, navigation, and flood study. The Army Corps has worked to reduce erosion along the Jersey Shore, to make waterways safe for fishing and commercial boat passage, and has protected homeowners from flooding. There is still work to be done. The Shore is the lifeblood of my home State of New Jersey. The Coast Alliance estimates that three-quarters of the State is located in the coastal zone and that more than 90 percent of the people in the Nation's most populated State live in this coastal zone. These people depend on the Army Corps' experience and know-how to maintain the quality of life they have come to know. In addition, the coastal zone contributes more than $79 billion--or over half of the State's gross State product--to the New Jersey economy through tourism, fishing, and boating or other recreational activities. While we all realize that cuts in Federal spending are necessary, they should not be arbitrary and they should be based on sound cost- benefit analyses. The President's proposal disregarded the long-term benefits of the Army Corps' work and simply shifted much of the cost of their work to the states. I am proud to have been part of a bipartisan group of legislators who successfully worked against this proposal from its very onset. In addition, Mr. Chairman, as if to provide evidence of the importance of the Army Corps to New Jersey, H.R. 1905 includes two Corps projects in my district which will help to maintain our strong fishing and tourism industries. Specifically, the bill includes funding to complete a reconnaissance study of the erosion problem along the Shore from Manasquan Inlet to Barnegat Inlet. The study was begun in fiscal year 1995 and, with the $290,000 appropriated in H.R. 1905, will be completed this year. The bill also provides for $100,000 to begin work on maintenance dredging of the Manasquan Inlet. These appropriations, Mr. Chairman, are modest, but the benefits they will bring to the State are enormous. Tourism is the second greatest contributor to the New Jersey economy, pumping in $22.6 billion in 1994 alone. A stable and preserved shoreline is vital to the success of that industry. In fact, in 1993, the New Jersey coastal regions received almost [[Page H 6784]] 14 million overnight visitors who spent an estimated $10.3 billion and created more than 171,000 jobs. Fishing is also a key industry to the State economy. New Jersey leads the Nation in clam production and is a major producer of scallops and other seafood. In 1993, the New Jersey commercial fishing fleet caught more than $96 million worth of seafood. In addition, anglers contributed more than $649 million to the State economy in 1993. Waterways, like the Manasquan Inlet, must be maintained to allow the fishing industry to do its work. Mr. Chairman, while I am pleased that the Committee gave these Army Corps proposals appropriate attention, I am disappointed that the Committee has neglected another industry of importance not only to New Jersey, but to the Nation, and that is fusion energy research. For years, the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab in Princeton, New Jersey has been a key contributor to the United States' efforts to develop fusion energy for mass consumer use. Just this past year, the Lab reached record levels of energy production and seemed to be on its way to making this safe and clean energy source a reality. Unfortunately, H.R. 1905 stops their progress just as it is beginning to truly pay off. I am hopeful that this will be corrected as we move through the conference process.