J. Thurmond

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce an act to clarify the application and effect of legislation which the Congress enacts. My act provides that unless future legislation expressly states otherwise, new enactments would be applied prospectively, would not create private rights of action, and would be presumed not to preempt existing State law. This will significantly reduce unnecessary litigation and court costs, and will benefit both the public and our judicial system. The purpose of this legislation is quite simple. Many congressional enactments do not indicate whether the legislation is to be applied retroactively, whether it creates private rights of action, or whether it preempts existing State law. The failure or inability of the Congress to address these issues in each piece of legislation results in unnecessary confusion and litigation. Additionally, this contributes to the high cost of litigation and the congestion of our courts. In the absence of action by the Congress on these critical threshold questions of retroactivity, private rights of action and preemption, the outcome is left up to the courts. The courts are frequently required to resolve these matters without any guidance from the legislation itself. Although these issues are generally raised early in a lawsuit, a decision that the lawsuit can proceed generally cannot be appealed until the end of the case. If the appellate court eventually rules that one of these issues should have prevented the trial, the litigants have been put to substantial burden and unnecessary expense which could have been avoided. Trial courts around the country often reach conflicting and inconsistent results on these issues, as do appellate courts when the issues are appealed. As a result, many of these cases eventually make their way to the Supreme Court. This problem was dramatically illustrated after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991. District courts and courts of appeal all over this Nation were required to resolve whether the 1991 act should be applied retroactively, and the issue ultimately was considered by the U.S. Supreme Court. However, by the time the Supreme Court resolved the issue in 1994, well over 100 lower courts had ruled on this question, and their decisions were split. Countless litigants across the country expended substantial resources debating this threshold procedural issue. In the same way, the issues of whether new legislation creates a private right of action or preempts State law are frequently presented in courts around the country, yielding expensive litigation and conflicting results. The bill I am introducing today eliminates this problem by providing the rule of construction that, unless future legislation specifies otherwise, newly enacted laws are not to be applied retroactively, do not create a private right of action, and are presumed not to preempt State law. Of course, my bill does not in any way restrict the Congress on these important issues. The Congress may override this ordinary rule by simply stating when it wishes legislation to be retroactive, create new private rights of action or preempt existing State law. This act will eliminate uncertainty and provide rules which are applicable when the Congress fails to specify its position on these important issues in legislation it passes. One U.S. District Judge in my State informs me that he spends 10 to 15 percent of his time on these issues. It is clear that this legislation would save litigants and our judicial system millions and millions of dollars by avoiding much uncertainty and litigation which currently exists over these issues. Mr. President, if we are truly concerned about relieving the backlog of cases in our courts and reducing the costs of litigation, we should help our judicial system to focus its limited resources, time and effort on resolving the merits of disputes, rather than deciding these preliminary matters.

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, today I am introducing legislation which provides that a justice or judge convicted of a felony shall be suspended from office without pay pending the disposition of impeachment proceedings. I believe that the citizens of the United States will agree that those who have been convicted of felonies should not be allowed to continue to occupy positions of trust and responsibility in our Government. Nevertheless, under current constitutional law it is possible for judges to continue to receive a salary and to still sit on the bench and hear cases even after being convicted of a felony. If they are unwilling to resign, the only method which may be used to remove them from the Federal payroll is impeachment. Currently, the Congress has the power to impeach officers of the Government who have committed treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Even when a court has already found an official guilty of a serious crime, Congress must then essentially retry the official before he or she can be removed from the Federal payroll. The impeachment process is typically very time consuming and can occupy a great deal of the resources of Congress. Mr. President, one way to solve this problem would be to amend the Constitution. Today, I am also introducing a Senate resolution proposing a constitutional amendment providing for forfeiture of office by Government officials and judges convicted of felonies involving moral turpitude. While I believe that a constitutional amendment may be the best solution to the problem, I am also introducing this statutory remedy to address the current situation. This legislation will provide that a judge convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude shall be suspended from office without pay. The legislation specifies that the suspension begins upon conviction and that no additional time accrues toward retirement from that date. However, the judge would be reinstated if the criminal conviction is reversed upon appeal or if articles of impeachment do not result in conviction by the Senate. Mr. President, the framers of the Constitution could not have intended convicted felons to continue to serve on the bench and to receive compensation once they have seriously violated the law and the trust of the people. I urge my colleagues to carefully consider this legislation.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, pursuant to section 304(b) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. sec. 1384(b)), a notice of adoption of regulation and submission for approval was submitted by the Office of Compliance, U.S. Congress. The notice contains final regulations related to the extension of rights and protections under the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (Regulations under section 210 of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995). The Congressional Accountability Act requires this notice be printed in the Congressional Record, therefore I ask unanimous consent that the notice be printed in the Record.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, pursuant to section 303 of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. sec. 1383, a notice of proposed rulemaking was submitted by the Office of Compliance, U.S. Congress. The notice publishes proposed amendments to the rules governing the procedures for the Office of Compliance under the Congressional Accountability Act. Section 304(b) requires this notice to be printed in the Congressional Record, therefore I ask unanimous consent that the notice be printed in the Record.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, pursuant to section 102(b) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. sec. 1302(b)), the Board of Directors of the Office of Compliance has submitted a report to Congress. This document is titled a ``Review and Report of the Applicability to the Legislative Branch of Federal Law Relating to Terms and Conditions of Employment and Access to Public Services and Accommodations.'' Section 102(b) requires this report to be printed in the Congressional Record, and referred to committees with jurisdiction. Therefore I ask unanimous consent that the report be printed in the Record.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, pursuant to section 304(b) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. sec. 1384(b)), a notice of adoption of regulation and submission for approval was submitted by the Office of Compliance, U.S. Congress. The notice contains final regulations related to provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Regulations under section 215 of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995.) The Congressional Accountability Act requires this notice be printed in the Congressional Record, therefore I ask unanimous consent that the notice be printed in the Record.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, reaching the top of one's profession is perhaps the most rewarding experience any person can achieve in their career, and today, I pay tribute to a good friend, Lt. Gen. Ronald R. Blanck, who has reached the pinnacle of the Army's Medical Corps with his promotion to the position of Surgeon General of the Army. When one thinks of military medicine, the image that comes to the minds of most people is that of an Army medic rushing to the aid of a fallen comrade. While there is probably no sight more comforting to a wounded soldier than a medic, Army medicine goes far beyond the soldiers who brave fire on battlefields in order to save lives. Included in the Army Medical Corps are doctors, nurses, and specialists of all kinds who serve in a sophisticated system of clinics, hospitals, and research facilities. No matter where they are stationed, soldiers have access to excellent care thanks to the efforts of the selfless men and women of the Medical Corps and the leadership provided by the Surgeon General of the Army. As he packs his bags and leaves the Capital area for his new job at Fort Sam Houston, TX, General Blanck assumes this post with the praises of his patients, as well as his peers in both the Army and in the medical fields of the other services. Throughout his career as a doctor and Army officer, the new surgeon general has established a respected, and well-deserved, record for professionalism, leadership and, most importantly, compassionate care. Beginning with his initial assignment as a battalion surgeon in Vietnam to his tenure as the commander of Walter Reed Army Medical Center, General Blanck has repeatedly sought innovative and more efficient manners in which to treat patients, demonstrated an ability to find solutions to complex tasks, and been an advocate for research into treatment that will benefit soldiers. Without question, General Blanck brings an impressive set of credentials to the Army's top medical post. Mr. President, as General Blanck assumes the responsibilities of being the principal medical advisor to the Chief of Staff of the Army, I am certain that he will approach his job with enthusiasm, seriousness, and with a commitment to excellence. I wish him continued success in his duties and commend him for the service he has rendered the Army and the Nation.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I today pay tribute to Mrs. Mabel Lee Burroughs, who recently passed away after leading a very long and rewarding life. The region of South Carolina that stretches from just north of Charleston up to the North Carolina line, and only a few hundreds west--literally not much further than a stone's throw from the edge of the sand dunes--is known as the Grand Strand. This area has always been famous for having some of America's most beautiful beaches, and for years it has been one of the favored vacation destinations of people from around the world. Much of the popularity of the Grand Strand can be attributed to the work and vision of the Burroughs family. The late James Burroughs, Mabel's husband, was a successful community and business leader who, along with a number of other individuals, became interested in the commercial potential of the Grand Strand as a resort area. In the years following World War II, these development pioneers were responsible for converting Myrtle Beach from a quiet and little known stretch of sunkissed sand to an area that offers unlimited recreational opportunities for tourists and South Carolina residents. This tradition of entrepreneurial spirit and business success is being carried on by Egerton Burroughs, the son of Mabel and James, who is the developer of the successful and popular family attraction, Broadway on the Beach. Without question, the late Mrs. Burroughs played an important role in her husband's business successes, and certainly served as a trusted adviser in his dealings. For almost 20 years she served as an account associate with the family-owned firm, Myrtle Beach Farms, as well as being an original trustee and secretary treasurer of the Burroughs Foundation, a philanthropic organization. Mrs. Burroughs was more than a loyal wife, dedicated mother, and successful businesswoman, she was also a public spirited citizen who gave much of herself to the people of Myrtle Beach. Born in Loris, SC, which is just a short distance from the beach and is in the heart of my State's tobacco country, Mabel Burroughs learned at an early age the importance of community and working together. Throughout her life, Mrs. Burroughs was active in a number of causes that sought to make our State a better place, and she approached these endeavors with enthusiasm and commitment. Additionally, she was a devoted Christian who gave freely of her time and was strongly involved in her church and parish. Mr. President, with the death of Mabel Lee Burroughs, South Carolina has lost one of its most well known, well liked, and well respected daughters and business leaders. I join the entire Burroughs family in mourning this passing and extend my deepest sympathy to Mrs. Burroughs' sister, Ruby Lee Hughes; two sons, Egerton and Howard; and her two grandchildren.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I doubt that one can get any closer to the ``Heartland of America'' than Nebraska, a State which lies in the middle of the Nation and is known for its plain talking, and well grounded people. One man who has exemplified those characteristics during his long and distinguished career in the U.S. Senate is Jim Exon, who is retiring this year and returning home to the Cornhusker State. Jim is of the generation of Americans who are veterans of World War II, individuals who understand and honor the notions of public service, sacrifice, and patriotism. To men of Senator Exon's generation, there is no problem that cannot be solved by rolling up one's sleeves, and sitting down and working together toward a resolution. In his three terms in the Senate, he repeatedly demonstrated his commitment to keeping America strong, helping our Nation's farmers, and ensuring that our rural citizens had a voice in Congress. Nebraskans have been well served by this Senator during the past 18 years, because he was well prepared for the responsibilities and demands of the U.S. Senate. A veteran, Jim's military experience taught him how to be tough, self-resilient, and achieve goals and objectives. As a businessman, Jim learned the importance of meeting a payroll and operating without undue interference from the Government. As the Governor of Nebraska, he combined his military and business experiences to be one of that State's most successful chief executives, earning two terms in that office, which was followed by his election to the U.S. Senate in 1978. For the past eighteen years, I have had the pleasure of serving with Jim on the Senate Armed Services Committee. In his capacity as a member of that Committee, Jim has worked hard to help provide for the defense of the United States, and to ensure that our men and women in uniform have the resources they need to do their jobs, and to meet any threat, anywhere. Without question, his experiences as a soldier and non- commissioned officer in the World War II Pacific Theater certainly helped to shape how he approached making defense policy. Mr. President, Senator Jim Exon has served his State and Nation admirably and selflessly. He stands as an excellent example of the traditions of public service, and I hope that men and women in Nebraska and throughout the United States will follow the lead he has set to make America a better and stronger place for all her citizens.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, perhaps one of the greatest characteristics of our form of government is that it encourages literally anybody and everybody to seek elected office. As a result, we have avoided the creation of an elite ruling class, and the men and women who represent us in public office are individuals of diverse, interesting, and unique backgrounds. Just look to the 100 members of this Body and you will find a richly varied collection of experience and professions among our colleagues, and Senator Bill Bradley has perhaps the most unique background of our colleagues. Though not a native son of the Garden State, Bill Bradley has been a part of New Jersey and the Northeast since his days as a history student at Princeton University. Clearly his time on that campus helped to influence how he would spend his years as an adult. A star member of the Tigers basketball team, Bill would serve as the Captain of the 1964 Olympic basketball team and eventually go on to play professional basketball for the New York Knicks for 10 years. Bill's excellence was not limited to under the baskets, his performance as a student earned him a coveted Rhodes Scholarship to the prestigious Oxford University where he received a master's degree. For the past 18 years, Bill Bradley has ably represented the people of New Jersey in this Body. During his career as a Senator, Bill has brought many of the traits he learned on the basketball courts, and in the halls of two of the world's greatest learning institutions, to this Chamber. Without question, he is a careful student of the issues that come before the Senate, and he is always a thoughtful contributor to our debates. In particular, he is a forceful and passionate advocate for matters that are particularly close to his heart, which include economic development, the environment, education, fighting crime, and promoting racial harmony and equality. Mr. President, despite his popularity, Senator Bradley has decided not to seek a fourth term in the U.S. Senate. While we will miss his participation in the National debate, I am certain that he will continue to seek ways in which to serve New Jersey and the United States. I join my friends and colleagues in wishing him well in whatever he chooses to pursue.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, there are certain men and women who serve in the U.S. Senate who by their accomplishments or dedication to their constituents, have become stalwarts of this institution. Senator Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island is one such man. For the past 36 years, Claiborne Pell has served capably and selflessly in this body, working hard to represent the interests and concerns of his constituents. In the process, he has championed a number of issues and measures that have become a regular and important part of life in America for many of our citizens. Among the accomplishments our colleague is most proud of are the establishment of Pell Grants, the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial. Perhaps more than anything else, though, Senator Pell will be remembered for his commitment to the Foreign Relations Committee. Given Claiborne's rich background in international affairs, it is not surprising that he should end up as one of this Body's and Nation's leading experts on foreign policy. Following his service as an officer in the Coast Guard during World War II, Claiborne became a member of the Foreign Service, representing American interests in Czechoslovakia and Italy. Undoubtedly this extensive background was most beneficial to Senator Pell as he carried out his duties on the Committee on Foreign Relations, especially when he became its chairman. A small State such as Rhode Island builds power and prestige through seniority, and during his almost four decades in the Senate Claiborne Pell has worked tirelessly on behalf of his constituents. Without question, the ``Ocean State'' has benefitted greatly from the dedicated service of its senior, and longest serving, Senator. Whoever replaces our friend in this Chamber will have a challenging task in attempting to match the commitment Claiborne Pell brought to this job. Mr. President, it has been a pleasure to have served with Senator Pell these many years. He is a man of integrity and ability who has done much to make our Nation a better and stronger place. I wish him great health and much happiness in the years to come.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, over the course of the more than 40 years I have spent in the U.S. Senate, I have had the good fortune to serve with a number of people who have gone from being my colleagues to being my friends. Today, I rise to pay tribute to one such individual, Sam Nunn, who I am sad to note is ending his career in this body at the conclusion of the 104th Congress. It is perhaps only natural that Sam would come to be one of my closest friends in the Senate, as we have much in common. To begin with, we represent neighboring States, and almost immediately after Sam arrived in the Senate, we began working together on a number of issues that were, and are, of concern and importance to our constituents. From 1972 to almost literally this day, Sam and I have cooperated on any number of matters, such as the Savannah River Site or Fort Gordon, that affect both our States. It would probably be safe to say that for many residents of South Carolina, Sam Nunn is like a third Senator to them. Additionally, I served with his great-uncle Carl Vinson, as well as with Sam's predecessor, Richard Russell, both of whom were true legends of the U.S. Senate, as well as great Georgians. Finally, we are both veterans, Sam served ably in the U.S. Coast Guard and Coast Guard Reserve, where he helped to protect our shores and maritime interests and undoubtedly learned the importance of a modern, well trained, and well equipped military. Without question, I think the bond between Sam and I grew strongest during the years we spent together on the Senate Armed Services Committee, where we worked together to provide for the defense of the Nation. In the 24 years he served on that Committee, Sam went from a freshman member to one of the Nation's most knowledgable and respected experts on defense matters. In the process, he became the Committee's Chairman and Ranking Member, and played an important and influential role in the shaping of American defense policy during the cold War, and post-cold war eras. I have known no small number of committee chairmen in my time, and I certainly rank Sam Nunn as one of the most able and dedicated men to hold a position of such importance and responsibility. Mr. President, Sam Nunn is known by the media, the public, and by his colleagues in Congress as a seriousminded individual, who approaches matters before him critically and carefully. Undoubtedly, his training as a lawyer and his service as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives, helped prepare him for his duties in the U.S. Senate. During his time in this Body, Sam Nunn has represented the people of his State thoroughly and effectively, and he helped to turn the American military into the finest fighting force that history has known. I know that come January, I will miss Sam both as a colleague and friend, but I also know that I am glad he has spent the last 24 years in the Senate, and I am certain that he will continue to work to influence public policy and to ensure that the United States remains the strongest Nation in the world.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on the nights when the Senate remains in session well past when most others have gone to bed, when tempers are short and most Members are frustrated that we have not made more progress, those are the times when a sense of humor really comes in handy. One colleague who consistently manages to find a bright spot when others only seem gloom, and who is able to find a humor in almost any situation, is our friend from Arkansas, David Pryor. David has capably represented the people of Arkansas as their Governor, and in both Houses of Congress. His career in our Nation's Capitol began in 1966 when he was first elected to the House of Representatives, and where he served in four Congresses. In 1979, he moved across the Hill to the Senate where he is about to complete his third term in office. Through his position on several key committees, David has been able to work to make Arkansas an even better place to live, and I know his constituents are thankful for his efforts. Though David and I did not share any committee assignments, I have enjoyed serving with him in the Senate these many years. The ``Sheriff'', as I liked to call him as his father held that office in Arkansas, always approached his duties with enthusiasm and dedication, and he upheld the finest traditions of this institution. David is truly a gentleman of the South, and I know that he will be missed by his many friends here in the Senate. Mr. President, given the great number of successes Senator Pryor has enjoyed throughout his life, I am certain that fate will again smile upon him in his career following the Senate. I wish good health and happiness in the years to come and am grateful for having had the opportunity to serve with him.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, when one thinks of the U.S. Senate, most visualize this Chamber and the 100 Members as the greatest deliberative body in the world. To those of us who serve here though, we know that the Senate actually goes well beyond the floor and galleries found within these four walls and two stories of the Capitol. One of the best kept secrets of the Senate are the people who work here and support our efforts in making the law. Especially critical to that process are a number of individuals who work with us day in and day out. I would like to take a moment to recognize these people and the valuable services they render to us, the U.S. Senate, and the Nation. This body is all about debate, and the chief Parliamentarian, Bob Dove, and his assistants are critical to keeping the debate running smoothly. These men and women have the unenviable responsibility of interpreting the exhaustive and sometimes confusing rules of the Senate. Without question, anyone who has sat in the President's Chair and presided over the Senate has been grateful for the assistance of these men and women when proceedings are suddenly bogged down in a tangled web of motions, countermotions, amendments, and objections. Somehow or another, the Parliamentarians are always able to sort things out and keep everything back on track. Each year thousands of people visit the Senate to observe their representatives at work. After getting a taste of what are often dry, and somewhat technical discussions, they leave here to tour and enjoy the Smithsonian, the National Galleries of Art, or one of the many monuments around town. The Reporters of the Senate, however, are unable to walk away from this Chamber no matter how tedious debate gets. These men and women spend long hours on their feet, faithfully and accurately keeping a transcript of the proceedings of this body. These detailed notes are transcribed and printed in the Congressional Record in the matter of less than 24 hours, a truly impressive feat. Without question, the men and women who work for chief reporter Ron Kavulick are truly worthy of commendation for their seemingly boundless levels of energy, and their unfaltering commitment to accuracy. As each of us knows, the responsibilities of a Senator are not limited to this floor. We have committee meetings and hearings, leadership meetings, appointments with constituents, and many other matters which command our attention. Still, when it comes time for a vote, our place is here. The men and women in the Republican and Democratic Cloakrooms are largely responsible for helping us keep track of when measures are coming up, how much debate time has been allocated by the leadership, and when we need to be in the Chamber for votes. Our lives would be much more hectic if it were not for the helpful service of the Cloakroom personnel and I know that I speak for all the Members on this side of the aisle when I say that Hilary Newlin; Laura Martin; Brad Holsclaw; Michael Smythers; and Dave Schiappa all make our lives a little more organized and we greatly appreciate their efforts. The secretary for the majority, Elizabeth Greene, and her assistant, John Doney, can be proud of their cloakroom staff. The two people who have been tasked with much of the physical and administrative matters of the Senate for most of the 104th Congress were Secretary of the Senate Kelly Johnston, and Sergeant at Arms Howard Greene. These individuals labored largely anonymously, and certainly with little thanks for their efforts; but without their contributions, we would not have had the many excellent and important services that their offices provide to us. Of course, two new people fill these positions, Gary Sisco as Secretary of the Senate, and Greg Casey as Sergeant at Arms. We welcome these men to the Senate and wish them great success in their careers. On a more personal note, as most of my colleagues probably already know, I have long been an enthusiastic supporter of the Senate Page Program. Bringing young men and women to Washington to witness and participate in the legislative branch of Government is not only educational, but will hopefully encourage these students to aspire to posts in public service. It is important to both good government, and the continued well-being of the Republic, that bright, energetic, and concerned individuals get involved in public policy and governing the Nation. I am confident that the Senate Page Program will serve as a catalyst for some of tomorrow's leaders. Mr. President, I know that there are literally thousands of people who make important contributions to the efficient operation of the U.S. Senate and I hope that they will not be offended that I have not recognized them personally. They may rest assured, however, that we very much appreciate their hard work.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, perhaps one of the greatest hallmarks of the U.S. Senate is the civility of the institution. Though the 100 Members of this body have views on the issues that are often far apart, we debate our differences politely and completely, and more often than not, are able to arrive at a compromise that benefits the majority of Americans. One Senator in particular has repeatedly demonstrated himself to be an individual of great decency and courtesy. This Senator is my good friend from Illinois, Paul Simon. Senator Simon has dedicated his adult life to public service. Beginning with a stint in the U.S. Army in the early fifties, and soon after his return to civilian life, he was elected to the Illinois house in 1954, and then to the Illinois senate in 1962. After his service in the legislature, Paul Simon was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served for 10 years, and played an important role in legislation concerning education, job training, and was instrumental in the establishment of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Since Paul came to the Senate in 1984, we have worked together on many legislative initiatives, especially as we both had seats on the Judiciary and Labor and Human Resources Committees. I commend Senator Simon for his willingness to listen to debate with an open mind, and for having the resolve to reach an agreement that is in the best interest of our Nation. I have enjoyed working with my friend from Illinois through the years, and the Senate will not be the same without him. Unquestionably, Paul has capably served his constituents throughout his tenure, and I wish him and his family much success and happiness in the future.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I have a resolution at the desk to commend Senator Daschle. I request the clerk report that resolution.

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise today to submit a Senate resolution to commend the exemplary leadership of the Honorable Tom Daschle of South Dakota. Senator Daschle was elected by his colleagues in 1994 to serve as the Senate Democratic leader. I recall Senator Daschle's able assistance working for 5 years in the office of my friend, Senator Abourezk of South Dakota. I knew then that this young man was destined to greater heights. Senator Daschle was elected to the House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms before being elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986. He became the first South Dakotan ever to hold a Senate leadership position when he was named cochairman of the Democratic Policy Committee in 1988. During his Senate career, Senator Daschle has provided capable leadership on the following Committees: Finance, Agriculture, Veterans' Affairs, Indian Affairs, and Ethics. His work on the Agriculture Committee has helped farmers across the country as he wrote the 1985 Emergency Farm Credit Act to aid farmers during the depths of the farm crisis. Mr. President, Senator Daschle has proven to be an effective Democratic leader and strives for cooperation with all of his colleagues. He works closely with our distinguished majority leader, Senator Lott, to facilitate the legislative process. His calm but determined demeanor is appreciated on both sides of the aisle. Mr. President, I am pleased to introduce this resolution commending the distinguished minority leader Tom Daschle, and I extend best wishes to his lovely wife, Linda, and their three fine children, Kelly, Nathan, and Lindsay.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I ask the resolution commending the majority leader be reported.

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise today to submit a Senate resolution to commend the exemplary leadership of the distinguished majority leader, the Honorable Trent Lott of Mississippi. Senator Lott is the 16th majority leader in the U.S. Senate and the first Mississippian ever to hold the Senate's top leadership post. He was elected to serve as majority leader on June 12, 1996. The majority leader has earned the respect of his colleagues in both the House and Senate, having served in the House of Representatives for eight terms. While serving in the House, Senator Lott was elected chairman of the House Republican Research Committee and for 8 years he served as the Republican Whip. The personal friendships he developed in the House have contributed well to his recent dealings with the other chamber. Senator Lott was elected to the Senate in 1988 and continued his leadership service as Secretary of the Senate Republican Conference. In 1995, he was elected Senate Majority whip and is the first person to be elected to the position of whip in both the House and the Senate. Mr. President, since assuming the challenging responsibilities as majority leader, Senator Lott has shown a penchant for moving legislation and a willingness to do so in a bipartisan manner. The majority leader has solid footing in the Senate's top post and it is not on the backs of his colleagues. Rather, Senator Lott has worked in cooperation with the distinguished minority leader, Senator Daschle, and has been at our side in the trenches of this legislative arena. The Majority Leader has cooperated with all Senators to facilitate the orderly procession of the Senate's business. Mr. President, Senator Lott has a wonderful family and I extend my best wishes to his lovely wife, Tricia and their two fine children, Chet and Tyler. They are justifiably proud of Senator Lott as a husband, father, and dedicated public servant. I am honored to call him my leader in the U.S. Senate and my good friend.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise to pay a tribute to Senator Sheila Frahm, who is retiring at the end of the current year. Many of our colleagues will be leaving us at the end of the 104th Congress. Some of these people have been here for decades, and some for only a very short time. Today, I rise to pay tribute to one Member of this body whose service has been brief, but in no way less than sterling, Senator Sheila Frahm of Kansas. Senator Frahm joined us just this year after being appointed to the seat vacated by the resignation of the former majority leader, Bob Dole. Sheila Frahm came to this position well prepared to carry out its duties as she held a number of important offices during her years in State government, including that of Lieutenant Governor. I came to know Senator Frahm through her membership on the Senate Armed Services Committee. I was impressed by the determined manner in which she took her duties and responsibilities as a member of the committee. She worked hard in an attempt to make informed and considered decisions on the matters that came before us and were critical to the defense of the United States. It would have been easy for someone in her position to simply bide her time until the end of the Congress, but I think Mrs. Frahm knew that the men and women of the ``Big Red One'' at Fort Riley, KS, and that soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines throughout the world were grateful for her excellent service. Mr. President, Senator Frahm will leave this Chamber at the end of the 104th Congress and return to her native Kansas. Though the duration of her service was short, it was critical. Sheila Frahm can be proud of the contributions she made to governing of the United States and we will certainly be sorry to see her go.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the U.S. Senate is an institution that has benefited greatly from the service of a number of individuals who have dedicated their adult lives to government. Among that group, one person in particular stands apart as a man of great intelligence, conscience, and contemplation, Mark O. Hatfield of Oregon. Mark Hatfield arrived in Washington in 1966 well prepared to not only take his seat in the world's greatest deliberative body, but to almost immediately begin helping to shape and influence debate in this Chamber. Ever since his 1943 graduation from Willamette University, Mark Hatfield has either studied, taught, or served government. During World War II, Mark donned the khaki uniform of a naval officer and participated in some of the most brutal campaigns we fought against the Japanese. After the war, Mark returned to school and earned a master's degree in political science from prestigious Stanford University. Following his time in Palo Alto, the young veteran and scholar returned to Willamette University where he taught political science and held the position of dean of students. It was during his time at Willamette that Mark became active in politics, running for, and being elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1950. This was to be the beginning of a career in elected office that would take him to the Oregon State Senate, the Governor's Office, and ultimately to the U.S. Senate, where he has served for three decades and is Oregon's longest serving Senator. During his tenure in this body, Senator Hatfield has worked hard for his constituents, has fought for his beliefs, and has worked to make our Nation an even better place. He has been the architect of any number of legislative initiatives that sought to protect and expand wilderness areas in the Pacific Northwest, ensuring that this and future generations will forever know the majesty and beauty of that region. Additionally, he worked hard to help promote business in his State, and his efforts undoubtedly helped to make Oregon an important part of the dynamic international economy known as the Pacific rim. Mr. President, I have always had the upmost respect for my colleague from Oregon. In his 30 years in the Senate, he has always voted his conscience and has done what he felt was in the best interests of the United States of America. One can only admire a man who places such a value on integrity. Indeed, Mark Hatfield is a man of integrity, ability, and dedication, and we commend him for the great service he has rendered this Nation. I know that Senator Hatfield will be greatly missed by all those who have served with him, and his successor will have to work hard to match the commitment made by this scholar and Senator. I know that all the Members of the Senate wish our friend Mark good health and great happiness in the years to come, and I am certain that he will excel at whatever endeavor he undertakes upon his retirement.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise today to pay tribute to Senator Nancy Landon Kassebaum, a leading lady of the Senate and one of the finest to ever represent the State of Kansas in the U.S. Congress. Senator Kassebaum learned politics the old fashioned way at the knee of her distinguished father, Alf Landon, Republican Presidential nominee and Kansas Governor. She eventually followed in his footsteps to serve the State of Kansas in an exemplary and excellent manner. In the early years she was a wife and mother, rearing four fine children, and then serving as a Senate staffer, before being elected to the U.S. Senate on the Republican ticket in 1978. Senator Kassebaum brought to this body a keen interest in social issues, focusing on areas near and dear to her--the family, children, and education. Today, as chairman of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, she has been able to affect greatly legislation in connection with her agenda in these and other important arenas. On a broader scope, her work on the Committee on Foreign Affairs has been noteworthy and knowledgeable, especially her work on foreign aid and African issues. Not only is she an able legislator, but she is a person of character, intellect, and dedication. She is truly a lady in every sense of the word, and what I believe we would say today ``A Class Act.'' Her sense and sensibility will be missed in the Senate, and her wit, grace, and style will long be remembered. On a personal note, we are proud to claim Nancy Kassebaum as an honorary citizen of South Carolina. Her outstanding son, John, an attorney, is a resident of Charleston, and he had the good fortune and good taste to marry a lovely South Carolinian, Elizabeth Williams Kassebaum. They have two handsome children. Now that Nancy is retiring, we hope she will spend even more time in our State, where she is greatly admired. The U.S. Senate is a better place because of Nancy Landon Kassebaum, and her shoes will be hard to fill. She spoke softly, but wielded a big stick when standing up for her beliefs and principles. Her character was sterling and she has left a rich heritage for the future worth its weight in gold. We shall miss her, and in the words of the Bard, ``We shall not see her likes again.''

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise to pay tribute to Senator William S. Cohen, who is retiring at the end of the present year. When one thinks of New England, many images come to mind. Lighthouses on rocky points, lobster and clam bakes on beaches, and men and women of few words but great wisdom. Our colleague from Maine, William S. Cohen, is just one such person, a well-educated, well-read man with an impressive background in government who has done much to benefit our Nation. Senator Cohen began his life in public service as an assistant county attorney for Penobscot County, and later went on to serve on the staff of the Governor of Maine's State Credit Research Committee. This experience in the public sector sparked Bill's interest in a career in elected office, and it was not long before he held a succession of local positions beginning with city councilor for Bangor, followed by mayor of that same locale. Soon Bill turned his attention from the responsibilities of a local official to the challenges that a seat in the House of Representatives presents, and in 1972, he was elected to Congress. For three terms, Bill represented the people of his district faithfully, but in 1978, he felt that he could better serve his State and Nation by being a U.S. Senator, and he was elected to the first of what would be three terms. During his tenure in this body, Senator Cohen has served on both the Armed Services Committee and the Committee on Intelligence, working hard on a number of issues of great importance to the defense of the Nation. As the chairman of the Armed Services Committee, I can say without question that Bill approaches his responsibilities with great seriousness and purposefulness of mind. We have all benefited from the contributions he has made to the security of the United States and are grateful for his efforts. I hope that Bill leaves the Senate with fond memories of his time here and a sense of accomplishment for his efforts. Knowing Bill, upon his retirement, he is going to pursue endeavors that will be interesting and challenging, and no matter what he undertakes, I am sure that he will enjoy great success. I have been pleased to serve with my good friend from Maine, and I wish him all the best in the years ahead.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise to pay a tribute to Senator Hank Brown since he is retiring at the end of the current year. If there is one image that people around the world have of a Westerner, it is that of an independent man or woman who rides tall in the saddle, stands up for what he or she believes is right, and is a person of great practicality and common sense. Without question, these are the type of attributes that one finds in our friend and colleague, Hank Brown of Colorado, who is bringing his career in Congress to a close. Though a Member of this body for only one term, Senator Brown is no stranger to Capitol Hill as he served for 10 years in the House of Representatives. Throughout his tenure in both Houses of Congress, he demonstrated a commonsense approach to the issues before the Nation. As a conservative, he took a hard line against Government waste, an excessive Federal budget, and efforts by bureaucrats and environmentalists to impede the rights of land owners, ranchers, and those who seek to harness the riches of the West. I had the good fortune to serve with Hank on both the Committee on the Judiciary and the Veterans' Affairs Committee over the past 6 years, and his commitment to his work and to serving the Nation impressed me greatly. Without question, my colleague from Colorado approached his duties seriously and sought to represent his constituents as best he could. As a veteran of the Vietnam war, Hank was especially sensitive and knowledgeable concerning issues that came before the Veterans' Affairs Committee, and he worked hard to ensure that America never forgets those men and women who have sacrificed so much to protect the interests and ideals of the United States. I have no question that should Hank Brown have chosen to stand for reelection, the grateful voters of his State would have easily and overwhelmingly returned him to office. Mr. President, in a case of life imitating popular lore, Hank Brown is going to saddle up and ride west into the sunset at the end of the 104th Congress. As he makes his journey back to his home State with its glorious Rocky Mountains and crystal clean air, he can reflect on a distinguished and well respected career in the U.S. Congress. In the course of almost two decades, Hank worked hard to forge compromises, reach agreements, and to fight for what is right. His efforts benefited the people of Colorado and the United States, and his presence will certainly be missed in this Chamber. Some say that Hank may run for Governor, and if that is the case, the Mile High State, will be in good hands, but regardless of whether or not our friend seeks that office, we commend him for his service to the Nation and wish him great success in the years to come.

Mr. THURMOND

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I rise today to pay tribute to my good friend, Senator Howell Heflin, known by many of his colleagues and friends as ``the Judge,'' who, regrettably, is retiring from the Senate. On November 2, 1978, the U.S. Senate gained one of the most respected, intelligent and able Senators in Howell Heflin. Howell grew up as a son of a Methodist minister, and was educated at Birmingham Southern and the University of Alabama Law School. With a J.D. Degree in hand, he practiced law with wide recognition as a noted trial attorney, gaining numerous honors and awards among law societies and associations. During his career, Howell has made many important contributions to our great Nation. In addition to being an attorney, Howell served as Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court prior to his election to the Senate, and he brought to the Senate an extensive knowledge of the judicial process. During his tenure as Chief Justice, ``the Judge'' brought about an unprecedented judicial reform package for his State, which has been hailed as a model for the Nation and has been studied by numerous other courts throughout the United States. This extensive knowledge and background made Howell Heflin a natural candidate to serve on the Senate Judiciary Committee. For years we have served together on this committee, and have worked closely on a number of judicial reform initiatives and measures to fight crime and drug abuse. The members of the Judiciary Committee who have worked with Howell have undoubtably benefited from his insight on judicial matters. As with many southern States, agriculture plays an important part in Alabama's economy, and in addition to his commitment to judicial issues, Howell has an equally strong interest in agricultural concerns. He has been called the spokesman for southern agriculture by the Associated Press, and makes his fight for farmers a national priority. Senator Heflin, a former Marine who served in World War II, has a special interest in a strong national defense. His work with President Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative, and cooperation with President Bush on defense matters demonstrates his nonpartisan spirit and his commitment to the security of this great Nation. Throughout his Senate service, Howell has maintained his Alabama roots and applied his down home, southern values of common sense and level headedness to his work in the Senate. I have great respect for Senator Heflin's commitment to his work, his integrity, as well as his dedication to his constituents and to the United States of America. As he heads home to Alabama, I wish him well in his retirement, and trust that he will enjoy many years of health, happiness, and spending more time with his growing family.