Peter Visclosky

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. While this anniversary may evoke painful memories, it would be worse if we did not remember the terrible atrocities perpetrated against the Armenian people. It began on April 24, 1915, when over 200 religious, political, and intellectual leaders of the Armenian community in Istanbul were executed by the Turkish Government. Thus began a war of ethnic genocide by the governments of the Ottoman Empire against Armenians. When it ended in 1923, over half of the world's Armenian population--an estimated 1.5 million men, women, and children--were killed. The Armenians are an ancient and proud people. In the fourth century, they became the first nation to embrace Christianity. In 1915, Christian Russia invaded the Moslem Ottoman Empire, which was allied with Germany in World War I. Amid fighting in the Ottoman Empire's eastern Anatolian provinces, the historic heartland of the Christian Armenians, Ottoman authorities ordered the deportation of all Armenians in the region. By the end of 1923, virtually the entire Armenian population of Anatolia and western Armenia had been either killed or deported. While it is important to remember this horrible fact of history in order to help comfort the survivors, we must also remain eternally vigilant to prevent future calamities. Only a fraction of the Armenian population escaped this calculated attempt to destroy them and their culture. Approximately 500,000 Armenian refugees fled north across the Russian border, south into Arab countries, or to Europe and the United States. I am proud to say that a strong and vibrant Armenian-American community is flourishing in northwest Indiana. In fact, my predecessor in the House of Representatives, the late Adam Benjamin, was of Armenian heritage. There are still strong ties to the Armenian homeland among Armenian-Americans. Mrs. Vicki Hovanessian and her husband, Dr. Raffy Hovanessian, residents of Indiana's First Congressional District, helped to raise over $750,000 for purchases of winter rescue supplies of heating fuel and foodstuffs for victims of the devastating Armenian winter of 1992-93. Last year, Dr. Heratch Doumanian and his spearheaded the organization of a highly successful legislative conference focusing on important issues of concern to the Armenian- American community. The Armenian genocide is a well-documented fact. The U.S. National Archives contain numerous reports detailing the process by which the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire was systematically decimated. However, there is an unsettling tendency among both individuals and governments to forget or blot out past atrocities. Less than 20 years after the Armenian genocide, Adolph Hitler embarked upon a similar extermination of European Jews. While the Jewish holocaust is certainly as terrible an event as the Armenian genocide, at least the Jews have had the catharsis of the world's recognition of what happened to their people. In search of acknowledgment of what happened to their families and ancestors between 1915 and 1923, regretfully, Armenians too often hear that their claims of genocide are lies or exaggerations. Unfortunately, there is still a concerted effort to deny the existence of the Armenian genocide. As representatives of the American people, those of us who have the privilege to serve in Congress must lead the way in shining the bright light of truth onto those who claim that the genocide did not occur. All attempts at historical revisionism must be condemned, whether done in ignorance or simply to avoid controversy. For example, as recently as last year, a court in France strongly criticized a history professor for publishing literature denying the existence of the Armenian genocide. The French court stated that the genocide was an internationally recognized historical fact, not subject to denial. Although it has suffered greatly, Armenia is once again a sovereign, independent country. Its people are strong and determined to succeed. I am proud to support Armenia and the many ideals which it represents. It is my sincere hope that the United States continues to strengthen its relationship with the nation and the people of Armenia. In closing, I would like to commend my colleagues, Representatives Porter and Pallone, for organizing this special order to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. This remembrance will not only console the survivors and their families, but may also serve to avert future atrocities.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, now is the time to get serious about balancing the budget. Today I am joined by my colleagues, Representatives Charlie Stenholm, Calvin Dooley, and Tom Barrett, in introducing legislation that would put in place tough new measures to balance the budget by the year 2002. This bill, the Balanced Budget Enforcement Act of 1995, would force us to make the tough decisions required to balance the budget. It would do so by setting spending caps and using across-the-board cuts if the caps are not met. There are no exceptions. Everything is on the table and, unlike Gramm-Rudman, it has teeth. I would say to my colleagues who really want to balance the budget, here is your chance to move beyond the rhetoric. For those of my colleagues who do not want to balance the budget, do not cosponsor this bill because under this legislation, that is exactly what would happen. Mr. Speaker, it is time to put our money where our mouth is. Let us start balancing the budget now.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, today, I am joined by our colleagues, Representatives Charlie Stenholm, Calvin Dooley, and Tom Barrett, in introducing the Balanced Budget Enforcement Act of 1995. This legislation would put in place tough, new measures to reform the budget process and eliminate the Federal budget deficit by the year 2002. I cosponsored the predecessors to this bill when they were introduced in the 102d and 103d Congresses by our former colleagues, Leon Panetta and Tim Penny. This Balanced Budget Enforcement Act of 1995 would force us to start now and begin bringing the budget into balance by the year 2002. It would do so by setting spending caps and using across-the- board cuts if the caps aren't met. Here's how: The Balanced Budget Enforcement Act of 1995 Summary (1) Deficit Reduction Targets (in addition to the amounts required by current law) to reach balance in 2002. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Discretionary caps.............................. 12.9 30.1 53.9 73.8 98.9 121.7 144.6 535.9 Entitlement/revenue scorecard................... 31.9 59.6 80.6 105.6 125.3 147.4 169.4 719.9 Debt service.................................... 1.7 6.2 13.6 24.2 38.4 56.2 77.9 218.1

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in opposition to the Republican tax-cut bill, H.R. 1215, because it would undermine deficit reduction efforts. I have always supported a balanced budget, and the responsibility to achieve this is not one that I take lightly. Over the years, I have frequently taken the political Last month, I was one of only six Democrats to support the rescissions bill because I believe we need to start making tough spending decisions now. In January, I supported a constitutional amendment to balance the budget for the first time because I finally lost faith that the President and Congress have the resolve to balance the budget without being required to do so. The bill we are considering today has confirmed my worst fears. We are cutting the taxes of the American people for the low, low price of $188 billion over 5 years. It is absolute folly to cut taxes for those making $200,000 to increase the deficit for those making $20,000 along with everyone else. The total cost of these tax cuts by the year 2002 will be $630 billion. The Republicans on the Budget Committee are now scrambling to come up with spending cuts--just to pay for the tax cuts. What ever happened to deficit reduction? What ever happened to balancing the budget? Why don't we just focus on eliminating the biggest drain on taxpayer dollars, the interest on the national debt. These proposed tax cuts aren't going give taxpayers a break, they are going to increase their long-term burden. Nations, like families, have to plan for the future. As a nation, we have failed to plan. We have borrowed to achieve a false sense of security today, leaving the bills for our children to pay tomorrow. In 1994, alone, we spent $203 billion more than we had. This means that $783 was borrowed from every single person in America. Over the past 20 years, the average budget deficit has grown from $36 billion in the 1970's, to $156 billion in the 1980's, to the unprecedented $248 billion hole we have dug for ourselves so far in the 1990's. This irresponsible spending has resulted in a money pit so deep that this year's interest payment--$235 billion--will be larger than this year's deficit--$176 billion. By providing $188 billion in tax cuts instead of deficit reduction, the Republican Party is charging every American--including every child--$43.51 in interest payments for every year over the rest of their lives. The Republicans claim that the agreement they quickly slapped together to get enough votes to pass their tax bill will put us on a glide path to a balanced budget by 2002. However, no specific targets are set out in the agreement, and the language does not require the tax cuts to be rescinded if deficit reduction targets are missed. The bill requires only the development of a deficit reduction plan. Without setting enforceable targets, this bill will throw us into the same money pit as Gramm-Rudman I and II. If we pass H.R. 1215, we won't be on a glide path to a balanced budget, we will be on a slippery slope to more exploding debt, higher interest rates, and a shrinking economy for all Americans. It is disastrous that the Republicans would increase the debt of the average American family in order to benefit creditors, whose special interest lobbyists carry increased clout in the new, reformed Congress. Under current trends, the interest on the national debt is estimated to consume an average of 15 percent of total Federal outlays and more than the 3 percent of the gross domestic product. This year alone, interest payments on the Federal debt will cost almost $940 per person--almost twice the $500 per child tax credit offered in this bill. I urge opposition to H.R. 1215. If we want to give the American people a break, we should get serious about balancing the budget. A $188 billion package of tax cuts is definitely a step in the wrong direction.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to commend the efforts of the Northwest Indiana Hispanic Coordinating Council for their numerous contributions to northwest Indiana. Founded on November 15, 1988, the Hispanic coordinating council is composed of leaders from over 40 different Hispanic organizations. These people have committed themselves to improving the quality of life for the Hispanic residents of northwest Indiana. Council president and cofounder Benjamin T. Luna has been instrumental in providing the Hispanic community with motivation and opportunities for excellence. On April 8, 1995, the coordinating council will present honors to 42 top scholars and athletes throughout northwest Indiana. The council will also present their annual recognition awards to deserving individuals. The council will honor these distinguished people at a banquet which will be held at the American Legion Post 369 in East Chicago, IN. The students who will receive awards for outstanding academic achievement include: Patricia Alvarado, River Forest High School; Albert Davila, Merrillville High School; Alyssa Diaz, Highland High School; Guadalupe Gonzalez, East Chicago Central High School; Jessica Herrera, Martin Luther King Academy; Tania Higareda, Clark High School; Maria Lule, Bishop Noll High School; Karla Madrigal, Hammond Morton High School; Xochilt Medina, Hammond Gavit High School; Becky Ramirez, Crown Point High School; Edwin Ramirez, Horace Mann High School; Robert Ramirez, Calumet High School; Jennifer Ramos, Munster High School; Albert Rodriguez, Lew Wallace High School; Melissa Rodriguez, Hammond High School; Joshua Rodriguez, Griffith High School; Elvin Roman, Horace Mann High School; Aaron Vela, Lake Central High School; Cara Velez, Portage High School; and Brett Sweet, Lowell High School. The students who will receive awards for outstanding athletic achievement include: Aeric Arreguin, Highland High School; Robert Avila, Andrean High School; Phil Benavides, Lowell High School; Juan Carlos Buezo, Lew Wallace High School; David Brugos, Clark High School; Arturo Corral III, Wirt High School; Jessica Figureroa, Merrillville High School; Victor Garcia, Griffith High School; Eusebio Gonzalez, Gavit High School; Jerame Hicks, East Chicago Central High School; Daniel Mayorga, Hammond High School; Jason Mendoza, Munster High School; Richard Mendoza, Hammond Morton High School; David Ortiz, Portage High School; Matt Rodriguez, Calumet High School; Vincent Rosado, River Forest High School; George Torres, Bishop Noll High School; James Torres, Lake Central High School; Erin Valdivia, Hobart High School; and Tom Zelaya, Crown Point High School. Aisha Ceballos of Gary Emerson High School will be awarded both an academic and athletic award by the coordinating council at their annual banquet. The council will also present the outstanding family award to Rafael and Doritila Fletes of East Chicago. This distinguished couple was carefully selected from many qualified families on the basis of their unity and dedication to one another's successes. Ms. Eliza Vela will receive the community service award. The labor award will be given to Mr. Robert Flores. Mr. Francisco Loza, president of the River Forest and Lake Station School Corporation Dual District Bilingual and Migrant Education Program, will be awarded the president's award. Finally, Ms. Maria DeLaLuz Murillo Tellez will be honored with the distinguished Caesar Chavez Award, in honor of the late charismatic president and founder of the United Farmworkers. Media recognition awards will go to Mr. Michael Puente and Mr. Michael Gonzalez, of the Post-Tribune; Mr. Mark Arrendondo and Mr. Jose Alvarez, of the East Chicago News; Mr. Christian B. Candelaria, of the Herald News Group; Mr. Tom Gutierrez, Jr., of WJOB radio; Ms. Terry Serna, of La Voz Newspaper; Mr. Joe Arrendondo, of channel 56/WYIN; Ms. Sylvia Lopez, of WGN; and Mr. Carmello Melendez. Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my other colleagues to join me in applauding all of the award recipients chosen by the Hispanic coordinating council. I feel that all of the participants are most deserving of the honors that will be bestowed upon them. It is my privilege to commend them on their achievements.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to the past commanders and auxiliary presidents of the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 2151. On April 8, 1995, V.F.W. Post 2151 will hold a commemorative dinner at their Post in Gary, IN, to honor their past officers. The past commanders of V.F.W. Post 2151 include: Harold James, Otha Williams, Dan L. Williams, Joe Dishmon, Bob Wilson, Jesse Rogers, Bill Woodard, William Rapier, Lee G. Coleman, and Virgil Fields. The past auxiliary presidents for V.F.W. Post 2151 include: Bertha Harvey, Dorothy Jordan, Bessie Jones, Prestine Fontleroy, Ada Williams, Jennie Young, Mary Clay, Elouise Woodard, Jessie M. Shackelford, Doris Daniels, Mary Pendelton, Mattie Gault, Lula Marshall, Doris Daniels, Verlee Perry, and Vanessa Jenkins. These former commanders and auxiliary presidents have been dedicated to preserving the memory of the service of the U.S. soldiers to defend our country in foreign wars. Because of the V.F.W.'s efforts in the preservation of the history of the United States and foreign affairs policy, our citizens can learn from past experience in hopes for a better world. Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my other colleagues to join me in commemorating these honorable men and women of V.F.W. Post 2151 for their dedicated service to our great country.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, on March 10, 1995, Mr. Livingston, chairman of the Appropriations Committee, along with the Mr. Porter, Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, HHS, sent a letter to every Member of the House of Representatives. The letter states: We are writing to seek your support for the Appropriations rescission bill recently reported by the Committee on Appropriations. We are all committed to a program that will redress the decades of financial irresponsibility that has left our children and grandchildren saddled with over $4 trillion in debt. The $17 billion in reductions in this bill are a down payment on this major undertaking; a first step in setting our fiscal house in order. . . . Well, if the two chairmen really mean this, and if the Republican leadership agrees, they will vote to pass the amendment before us now. It is the only way to ensure these rescissions really reduce the deficit. It mandates that all savings in the bill be applied to the deficit. As it stands now, this bill, and that letter, are a fraud. The $12 billion in ``so called'' savings in this legislation are not destined for our children and grandchildren. They are destined to offset new tax cuts. And these tax cuts are not for kids. Just yesterday, the Republicans announced their tax plan which abolishes the alternative minimum tax. This means a return to the pre-1986 tax days where hundreds of corporate giants including Sears Roebuck, Texaco, Boeing, General Dynamics, Dun and Bradstreet, and J.P. Morgan and Company, could play the system and pay no taxes whatsoever. Zero. Just think about it: today, we cut programs our kids depend on; tomorrow, we force our kids to pay for corporate tax cuts. Some legacy. Two months ago, over-two thirds of the House of Representatives voted to add a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution. Regardless of what happened in the Senate, it is our obligation to behave as if that amendment were law. Because I voted for the balanced budget amendment, I supported these rescissions in full Committee, even though I did not necessarily agree with the cuts. Rescissions are not easy. Coming up with $17 billion in cuts is agonizing. The Majority rejected school lunch, Women Infants and Children, and other children's programs. But if our budget crises forces us to make these awful cuts, it is imperative that we give our children a better future--as Mr. Livingston and Mr. Porter suggest. If this amendment fails, instead of coming through for our kids, we will be sticking it to our kids. I urge my colleagues support the Murtha amendment and give our children and grandchildren a real down payment on deficit.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, today, I am introducing legislation to expedite the cleanup of our Nation's waters. This bill, the National Clean Water Trust Fund Act of 1995, would create a trust fund established from fines, penalties, and other moneys collected through enforcement of the Clean Water Act to help alleviate the problems for which the enforcement measure I introduced with bipartisan support in the last Congress, and it was the model for a provision I secured in last year's Clean Water Act reauthorization bill, H.R. 3948. Currently, there is no guarantee that fines or other moneys that result from violations of the Clean Water Act will be used to correct water quality problems. Instead, some of the money goes into the general fund of the U.S. Treasury without any provision that it be used to improve the quality of our Nation's waters. I am concerned that EPA enforcement activities are extracting large sums of money from industry and others through enforcement of the Clean Water Act, while we ignore the fundamental issue of how to pay for the cleanup of the water pollution problems for which the penalties were levied. If we are really serious about ensuring the successful implementation of the Clean Water Act, we should put these enforcement funds to work and actually clean up our Nation's waters. It does not make sense for scarce resources to go into the bottomless pit of the Treasury's general fund, especially if we fail to solve our serious water quality problems due to lack of funds. Specifically, my bill would establish a national clean water trust fund within the U.S. Treasury for fines, penalties, and other moneys, including consent decrees, obtained through enforcement of the Clean Water Act that would otherwise be placed into Treasury's general fund. Under my proposal, the EPA Administrator would be authorized to prioritize and carry out projects to restore and recover waters of the United States using the funds collected from violations of the Clean Water Act. However, this legislation would not preempt citizen suits or in any way preclude EPA's authority to undertake and complete supplemental environmental projects [SEP's] as part of settlements related to violations of the Clean Water Act and/or other legislation. For example, in 1993, Inland Steel announced a $54.5 million multimedia consent decree, which included a $26 million SEP and a $3.5 million cash payment to the U.S. Treasury. I strongly support the use of SEP's to facilitate the cleanup of serious environmental problems, which are particularly prevalent in my congressional district. However, my bill would dedicate the cash payment to the Treasury to the clean water trust fund. The bill further specifies that remedial projects be within the same EPA region where enforcement action was taken. Northwest Indiana is in EPA region 5, and there are 10 EPA regions throughout the United States. Under my proposal, any funds collected from enforcement of the Clean Water Act in region 5 would go into the national clean water trust fund and, ideally, be used to cleanup environmental impacts associated with the problem for which the fine was levied. To illustrate how a national clean water trust fund would be effective in cleaning up our Nation's waters, I would like to highlight the magnitude of the fines that have been levied through enforcement of the Clean Water Act. Nationwide, in fiscal year 1994, EPA assessed $35 million in penalties for violations of the Clean Water Act. These penalties represented 27 percent of all penalties assessed by EPA under various environmental statutes. My bill also instructs EPA to coordinate its efforts with the State in prioritizing specific cleanup projects. Finally, to monitor the implementation of the national clean water trust fund, I have included a reporting requirement in my legislation. One year after enactment, and every 2 years thereafter, the EPA Administrator would make a report to Congress regarding the establishment of the trust fund. My legislation has garnered the endorsement of several environmental organizations in northwest Indiana, including the Grand Calumet task force, the northwest Indiana chapter of the Izaak Walton League, and the Save the Dunes Council. Further, I am encouraged by the support within the national environmental community and the Northeast-Midwest Institute for the concept of a national clean water trust fund. I would also like to point out that, in a 1992 report to Congress on the Clean Water Act enforcement mechanisms, and Environmental Protection Agency workgroup recommended amending the Clean Water Act to establish a national clean water trust fund. In reauthorizing the Clean Water Act, we have a unique opportunity to improve the quality of our Nation's waters. The establishment of a national clean water trust fund is an innovative step in that direction. By targeting funds accrued through enforcement of the Clean Water Act--that would otherwise go into the Treasury Department's general fund--we can put scarce resources to work and facilitate the cleanup of problem areas throughout the Great Lakes and across this country. I urge my colleagues to support this important legislation.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this opportunity to mark March 3, 1995, as the retirement day for four employees of the United Steelworkers of America. This is a well-earned day of retirement and celebration for Leonard Hickey, Gayle Cody, R.L. Pace, and Catherine Hatch, whose distinguished careers in the labor movement have made their communities and Nation a better place to work and live. Leonard ``Len'' Hickey, United Steelworkers of America, district 31, assistant director, was born in Muddy, IL, and began working, in 1952, at the Taylor Pipe Works in 1952. A heater at Bethlehem Steel's Burns Harbor plant, Len was elected as the first president of Local Union 6787. He later served in negotiations with Bethlehem and National Can. Len's fair pay, incentives, and winning union members the respect of their employers. Gayle A. Cody, United Steelworkers of America, district 31, executive secretary to Director Parton, was born in East Chicago, IN, and began working at the Hammond Times. Gayle started her career with the USWA, district 31 in 1966. She served as a USWA secretary under four previous directors prior to becoming the executive secretary under current director, Jack Parton. During her 29 years of service Gayle has been involved in all major areas of USWA activities. R.L. Pace, United Steelworkers of America, district 31, subdistrict director, was born in Hub, MS, and was drafted into the Army in 1953. In 1956, he moved to Chicago, joined the National Guard's First Battalion 178th Infantry, and began working at Burton Auto Springs. He was promoted to staff representative in 1969, and has held a number of offices--including president, in Local 6183. In 1984, he was appointed to the position of sub-director of sub 4 and graduated from Northeastern Illinois University in 1985. Catherine Hatch, United Steelworkers of America, district 31, secretary to Director Parton, was born in Gary, IN. She began working at the Post Tribune and started with the Steelworkers in 1954. She worked for both Local 2697 and Local 6787. She started at the district 31 office in 1986 working as secretary in organizing, PAC, and education departments. Catherine has handled the finances and records for district 31 since 1993. On this special day I offer my heartfelt congratulations. Their families and communities can be proud of the contributions that each individual has made. Their work in the labor movement has made America work. I wish each of them a long, happy, and productive retirement.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, today, I am introducing legislation to authorize the development of a comprehensive watershed management plan for northwest Indiana's Deep River Basin, which includes Deep River, Lake George, Turkey Creek, and other related tributaries. The communities of Hobart, Lake Station, and Merriville, IN, would greatly benefit from the implementation of this plan. The sediment cleanup of Lake George was first authorized in the Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Public Law 99-662, and the project has received Federal funding since 1990. The project includes flood control, environmental enhancement, and recreational development for an area that comprises the 282-acre Lake George, Turkey Creek, and Deep River in the vicinities of Hobart and Lake Station, IN. However, the successful completion of the Lake George project is dependent upon a detailed, comprehensive investigation of the watershed, beyond the scope of the existing Lake George study authority. The legislation I am introducing today would facilitate the evaluation of how to sufficiently control the current and long-term sediment quality and quantity, address chronic flooding problems and the safety of Lake George Dam, and ensure the proper management of endangered wetlands. In addition, a comprehensive watershed management plan is essential to determine the placement of sediment traps for the authorized Lake George project. Taxpayer dollars would be saved by instituting effective land use management techniques and trapping sediments before they reach Lake George. It is possible that sediment flow could be relieved in the unauthorized tributaries. In sum, future costs could be drastically reduced by developing and implementing a comprehensive management plan, which would result in less costly sediment traps and much Lake Station, IN. Additionally, the development of a comprehensive plan could alleviate the need for a costly redredging of Lake George in the future. It is my hope that this bill will enhance our ongoing efforts to develop and implement sound, reasonable, and long-term solutions to the watershed management problems faced by the Lake George area, as well as the rest of northwest Indiana. I would hope to have your support, and the support of my other colleagues in the House of Representatives, in advancing this important legislation.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I urge adoption of House Resolution 80. As an original cosponsor of the Kaptur resolution of inquiry, I am very concerned about maintaining the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government. I am also very concerned about safeguarding this institution's prerogative of the purse. Today's vote is our first real opportunity to protect America's wallets and reclaim our constitutional authority regarding the Mexican bailout. Given the magnitude of the Mexican bailout and the exposure of the American taxpayers I believe that congressional approval should have been sought originally. Sure, it would have been a tough sell. But coming in after something goes wrong will be impossible. Barring that, the disclosure called for in this resolution of inquiry is eminently reasonable. I urge passage of the resolution so that we can find out what the Mexican bailout really means for the American taxpayers.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to rise today and pay tribute to an outstanding citizen of Indiana's First Congressional District, Billy Rosser. On Saturday, February 25, 1995, Mr. Rosser, along with his friends and family, will celebrate his retirement from public office. The celebration will take place at Rosser Hall in Hobart, IN. Billy has dedicated a substantial portion of his life to the betterment of northwest Indiana, particularly Hobart Township. After a 30-year career with Inland Steel's accounting department, Billy retired to pursue a life of public service. In 1970, Billy was elected Hobart Township Trustee, and throughout his 24-year role in this position, Billy has successfully led Hobart Township into one of the only debt-free townships in the county. With an emphasis on the improvement of education amongst Hobart Township's youth, as chief administrator of Hobart, and as a member of the Lake County Board of Education, Billy was instrumental in the restructuring of the Hobart Township school system from 1971 through 1974. During his tenure as Hobart Township Trustee, Billy procured funds to establish Rosser Hall, which is utilized for various celebrations, and Rosser Park. The moneys generated from these structures flow back into Hobart Township, and are applied directly to the township's assistance fund. Billy has held past presidencies of the Lake County Township Trustee Association, the East Gary Police Association, and the Hobart Township Lake Ridge Community Services. He served as chairman of the Lake Station-Hobart Township Precinct Organization, and director of the East Gary Democratic Club. Billy holds memberships in the Hobart Elks, the Lions Club, the Shriner's organization, the Fraternal Order of Police Associations of Hobart and Lake Station, as well as membership on the advisory board for the Regional Lake Station Bank of Indiana Board of Directors. This year, Billy was recognized by the Indiana Township Trustees Association for his years of service and success as the Hobart Township Trustee and as the original president of the Lake County Township Trustee Association. Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my colleagues to join me in honoring this amazing person for his commitment to the betterment of his community. However, as one great public servant leaves, I am sure that Ms. Barbara Rosser will continue to carry on her father's legacy as the new Hobart Township trustee. I truly hope that the Rosser's celebration this Saturday proves to be a most joyous occasion.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to rise today and pay tribute to an outstanding citizen of Indiana's First Congressional District, Ms. Migdalia Perez. On Monday, February 27, 1995, Ms. Migdalia will be honored as one of the recipients of the National Association of Private Industry Councils [NAPIC] 1995 distinguished participant awards. This event will take place at the NAPIC's conference in Washington, DC. Ms. Perez, a resident of Portage, IN, is the only individual in the State of Indiana who is being honored, and 1 of 10 throughout the country. This is the first time a Hoosier is being honored by NAPIC. Moreover, on August 30, 1994, Migdalia was honored for successfully completing training programs through Kankakee Workforce Development Services. This award was part of an annual award ceremony honoring statewide graduates of the Indiana Workforce Development System. Migdalia came to the United States from Puerto Rico with her husband, Alex, who suffers from muscular dystrophy. In order to succeed in the United States, Migdalia learned to read English. She then entered school at IVY Tech in the respiratory technician program while continuing to receive tutoring through the Portage Adult Education Center. At IVY Tech, Migdalia made the dean's list three consecutive semesters. Currently, she is employed as a respiratory technician at Methodist Hospital in Gary, IN. Migdalia and her husband how have two children, Alex and Danny. She is an excellent role model for her children and family. Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my colleagues to join me in honoring this amazing woman, not only for her commitment to betterment of her self and her family, but for becoming a remarkable role model for her community.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in strong support of the amendment offered by the distinguished gentleman from Wisconsin, the ranking member on the Appropriations Committee, Mr. Obey. Mr. Obey's amendment keeps the books clean. It provides only what the administration asked for and pays for it. Mr. Chairman, on January 26, 1995, the House of Representatives passed a resolution to make balancing this Nation's budget a constitutional mandate. Once ratified, the balanced budget amendment will take its place along side the right to free speech, the right to vote, freedom of religion, and the abolition of slavery. The Members of this House considered a balanced budget so fundamental that they flocked to the floor to support it. I supported the balanced budget amendment, because I want the budget balanced. I have urged my colleagues not to use the balanced budget amendment to give the appearance of good fiscal policy, while, in reality pushing the hard choices off until the next century. Today, less than a month later, the balanced budget amendment will get its first at bat. If the House fails to enact the Obey amendment, the balanced budget amendment will be zero for 1 so far this season, not even good enough for a replacement player. We will raise this Nation's deficit by $645 million by the year 2000, just 2 years before the balanced budget amendment kicks in. This legislation we consider today contains $3.2 billion in new spending, $2.53 billion in emergency funds the Clinton administration requested, and $670 million of Republic add-ons. Despite a promise to the contrary and despite their best efforts, the Republican majority has failed to pay for all this new spending. All told, this borrow and over 5 years. You know, there has been a lot of talk about the Republican Contract on America, but for any contract to be valid, something of value must be exchanged. In this instance, the other side of aisle the wants the American people to pay an additional $69 million in interest in the next 2 years alone for the new defense spending they refuse to pay for today. Clearly the most disturbing aspect of today's debate is what it means for the rest of this Congress. In the next couple of weeks we are going to have to come up with an additional $15 billion in rescissions--this year's share of the Contract on America and the California flood relief bill. If this Congress doesn't have the intestinal fortitude to come up with $3 billion in cuts--balanced budget amendment or not--how are we possibly gong to come up with $15 billion? Mr. Chairman, this legislation makes a sham of the balanced budget amendment, and it deceives the American people. It is a relapse back into a terrible habit I thought we would finally overcome, that of sending our children the bill for our own failed leadership. I urge my colleagues, support the balanced budget amendment. Support the Obey amendment.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to take part in this Special Order on Black History Month to recognize the achievements and contributions that African-Americans have made to our country. I would like to thank Congressman Louis Stokes and Congressman Donald M. Payne for organizing this opportunity to applaud the accomplishments of the African-American culture. Since 1976, the month of February has been celebrated as Black History Month. But the origins date back to 1926 when Dr. Carter G. Woodson had the vision to set aside a week in the month of February to celebrate the accomplishments and heritage of African-Americans. Indeed, it would be foolish not to recognize such a large part of our heritage. On the national scene, the contributions that African- Americans have made to our society are innumerable. Through literature, we have been blessed with the powerful writings of Maya Angelou, W.E.B. DuBois, and Alice Walker. We all have received joy from listening to the stirring melodies of Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin and Duke Ellington. While all of these are important contributions, what I find to be of equal importance are those of people who are in our own community: The men and women who live down the street, attend the same church with you, or whose children play with your own. These men and women have performed extraordinary acts of bravery and selflessness that should make us all proud. Indeed, Alonzo Swann, a World War II veteran from Northwest Indiana, was just awarded the Navy Cross for showing extraordinary bravery in the face of Japanese Kamikaze attacks. The theme for Black History Month this year is ``Reflections on 1895: Douglass, Dubois and Washington.'' In keeping with the dedication to education and political involvement these men supported, Ms. Patricia Harris, Supervisor of the Gary Community School Corporation's Staff Development Center, sponsored several events that helped to educate the citizens of Gary about the accomplishments of African-Americans in Northwest Indiana. Among these events was a presentation by Quentin P. Smith, telling about his experiences during World War II as a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, a special cadet program established to train black aviators. Smith, a resident of Gary and member of the 477th Bombardment Group, recounted his experience as one of 101 airmen who protested segregated officers club facilities at Freemen Field in Seymour, Indiana and were consequently threatened with court martial. An independent commission of inquiry, appointed by President Truman, exonerated the airmen and ordered integration of the club. In addition to Mr. Smith, Ms. Dharthula Millender spoke about the origins of the City of Gary and the crucial role that African-Americans had in forming the city. In the city's first census, African-Americans numbered 100 of the first 334 people in the area. Ms. Millender also pointed out that as Northwest Indiana's steel mills grew, steelworkers were recruited from all over the U.S. and in many European countries. The result was that, from its beginning, the people of Gary had an appreciation for its multi-ethnic community. The goal of these programs is to teach Gary's parents and children about their community's history. I commend Patricia Harris and the staff of the Staff Development Center for taking the initiative to make the teachings of Black History Month extend throughout the rest of the year. By having our children learn about a part of their culture, we can help ignorance give way to understanding and realize that we all are created equal. In closing, I commend and thank all of the people of Northwest Indiana, who in their own special way have brought special meaning to this month. Again, I would like to thank my distinguished colleagues, Congressmen Stokes and Payne, for giving the U.S. House of Representatives this special opportunity to celebrate Black History Month.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, it is my distinct honor to congratulate the Lithuanian American Council of Lake County, IN, and the Lithuanian community on the 77th anniversary of Lithuanian independence. Lithuanian independence, which occurred in 1918 as the Lithuanians were freed from the Soviet Union. They will mark this joyous occasion on Sunday, February 19, 1995, at St. Casimir's Church in Gary, IN. Following tradition, the anniversary ceremony will begin with a church service starting at 11:30 a.m. After the church service, the Lithuanian American Council will hold a flag raising ceremony outside of St. Casimir to honor those Lithuanians who pledged their allegiance to independence for their people. The event will then conclude with a dinner in the church hall. I would like to take this opportunity to commend the Lithuanian American Council of Lake County's officers, including: Vincent J. Gumulauskis, who has been president for 3 years; Pete D. Auksel and Casimir Balt, both of whom are vice presidents; Birute Vilutis, secretary; and Walter Ruzga, treasurer. Allow me to also commend the board of directors, whose members include Rev. Ignatius Urbonas, Aleksas Degutis, Alex Navardauskas, Dan Pauls, Frank Petrites, Brone Tampauskas, and Izidorius Tavaras. Finally, I would like to commend every member of the Lithuanian American Council for the loyalty and enthusiasm they have displayed toward their ethnicity. The Lithuanian American Council of Lake County, IN is a branch of the Lithuanian American Council. It was founded in 1940 and originated in large cities such as Boston, Chicago, and New York. The organization in Lake County initially was headquartered at St. Francis in East Chicago, IN, until recently when the building was demolished. The organization was then moved to St. Casimir where its home is today. It is my sincere hope that 1995 will bring renewed prosperity for all members of the Lithuanian community and their families. May this 77th anniversary celebration prove to be a most joyous occasion.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, if NAFTA is such a great deal why are we bailing out Mexico? We need answers and open debate on this and many other questions concerning the Mexican bailout. It is just flat out wrong for at least 20 billion taxpayer dollars to be put at risk without congressional debate and action. Our willingness to duck--or even talk about--this tough political issue is an object failure of the Congress to meet its constitutional responsibilities. Congress--not the President--controls the power of the purse and Congress needs to vigorously protect the taxpayers' money. That's why the Banking Committee should favorably and fully act on the resolution of inquiry so we can get some real answers. Mr. Speaker, we're in the dark and the American people want answers. It's time for Congress to shine a bright light on the Mexican bailout.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, if NAFTA is such a great deal, why do we have to bailout Mexico? That is the central question that must be answered before a single dime of our money is placed at risk. The $47 billion bailout is a raw deal for the American taxpayer. Adding insult to injury, the President is taking an end run around the people's elected Representatives and unilaterally placing our money at risk. Since Congress controls the power of the purse, this action raises serious constitutional questions. A depression in the steel industry in the late 1970's and early 1980's cost the northwest Indiana district I represent 50,000 good jobs. The U.S. Government did not bailout a single person who had a mortgage, a car payment, or children attending college. It is flat out wrong for our Government to bail out Mexico without first seeking permission from the American people, through their elected Representatives, whose money will be placed at risk. Mr. Speaker, I urge acceptance of Mr. Taylor's privileged resolution so that we can find out what the bailout really means for the American taxpayer.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of the Wise- Stenholm-Spratt substitute amendment to H.R. 2. I am voting for this plan because I believe it represents an improvement to the current rescissions process, while preserving the balance of powers that our Founding Fathers so carefully laid out in the Constitution. The Wise-Stenholm-Spratt amendment requires that questionable spending items stand alone for an up-or-down vote. Projects would have to stand on their own merit and port would have no place to hide. If our goal is truly to eliminate unnecessary spending, I view this as a fundamental improvement to the way we do business. Under current law, the President has the authority to request the rescission of specific line items. It is Congress' part of the process that is under scrutiny. Once a Presidential rescission is received by the Congress, we have the option of voting. If nothing is done within 45 days, the rescission dies. The Wise-Stenholm-Spratt substitute would fix this problem by requiring Congress to vote on Presidential rescissions within 10 days after their receipt. As a result, the President's hand would be strengthened to control spending, and Congress would be held accountable for our spending decisions. I do want to caution, however, that the line-item veto issue is somewhat of a red herring. Proponents of a straight line-item veto say that we need it to eliminate wasteful spending. It sounds great, except for the fact that it is not true. The fact is that the Congress rescinds more spending on average than President's request. Indeed, between the years 1974 and 1995, $73 billion in Presidential rescissions have been requested, yet $93 billion worth of rescissions have been passed by the Congress. Also, there is a fundamental danger in going too far to fix a system that can be improved, but is not broken. The line-item veto legislation encompassed in H.R. 2 goes too far. This bill would require a two- thirds supermajority of Congress to override Presidential line-item vetoes, thereby abrogating majority rule and investing all power in one individual, the President. As a legislator, I am not willing to provide a Democratic or Republican President with power that our Founding Fathers felt were unnecessary. The Constitution assigned the power of the purse to the people's elected representatives in the Congress. Requiring a supermajority to override Presidential budgetary decisions would be a direct affront to this fundamental principle. It is not wise public policy to amass such discretionary power in one official. Let's keep the power with the people and pass the Wise-Stenholm- Spratt substitute amendment to H.R. 2.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in adamant opposition to President Clinton's unilateral decision to bailout the Government of Mexico. In response to the President's actions, I am joining a number of my colleagues in introducing today a resolution calling for a full investigation of this matter by the U.S. Comptroller General. I am extremely disappointed that the President decided to circumvent Congress and provide billions of dollars in United States-backed loan guarantees to rescue Mexico from a financial collapse without first receiving congressional approval. The taxpaying citizens of northwest Indiana are absolutely opposed to this United States-funded bailout of the Mexican Government. While I recognize and appreciate the problems associated with a devalued peso and illegal immigration, I do not believe these arguments are compelling enough to justify a nearly $50 billion bailout of the Mexican Government. As someone who adamantly opposed NAFTA, I strongly believe that the United States aid package designed to prop up Mexico's unstable economy is the wrong course of action to take at this time. Mexico's problems are far more serious than a short-term currency shortage. This crisis clearly shows that NAFTA has failed to deliver on its promises of a strong and stable Mexico. Mexico's problems are social, political, and economic in nature. The present crisis was precipitated by the Chiapas rebellion, as well as the assassination of key leaders. Mexican society is unstable, as evidenced by the recent elections, which contained extensive voter fraud. Mexico is also continuing its policy of repressing worker rights and labor standards in order to attract United States factories and foreign investors. New economic reforms proposed by the Mexican Government would reduce the average Mexican wage by at least 5 percent over the coming year, making cheap Mexican labor even cheaper. Mexican's reforms have not gone far enough and they are now going the wrong direction. The Mexican Government is going to reduce wages of the ordinary worker, including the minimum wage, in order to help balance the Mexican budget and control the economy. Punishing the ordinary Mexican worker because of the irresponsibility of the Mexican elite is typical of a country with such a large gap between the rich and the poor. Finally, we are setting a bad precedent by helping Mexico. It is entirely possible that Mexico will face a similar or worse crisis in the near future. United States taxpayers should not have to put up billions of dollars every time Mexico is unable to maintain fiscal stability. After all, 38,000 taxpaying citizens of northwest Indiana lost their jobs in the late 1970's and 1980's. The U.S. Government certainly did not step in to provide loan guarantees for those with home mortgages, credit card debt, or car loans. I urge all Members to take a strong stand on this issue by supporting the resolution introduced by Representative Gene Taylor requiring that the U.S. Comptroller General provide a detailed explanation about the legality of the President's decision.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the gentleman's yielding time to me. Mr. Chairman, beside asking Americans to give their lives for their country, there is nothing more profound that any of us can do than to amend the Constitution of the United States. After serving in this House for 10 years, I have come to the conclusion that without an amendment, the budget will never be balanced. That is why I support the balanced budget amendment offered by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Stenholm] and the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. Schaefer]. Mr. Chairman, I support a balanced budget amendment because I do not believe that the President and the Congress will find the collective courage necessary to balance the budget without a Constitutional imperative. It is my sincerest hope that the weight of the Constitution will force the balanced budgets necessary to secure a prosperous future, our nation's sovereignty, and a government that makes smarter decisions. America has always been the land of opportunity. A better life for each successive generation is one of the defining characteristics of our nation. Each generation's hard work paved the way so that those who followed could travel farther down the road of prosperity. Unfortunately, in recent decades, the economic policies of this country have caused us to lose our way. Nations, just like families, must plan for the future. As a nation we have failed to plan. We today, leaving the bills for our children to pay tomorrow. In 1992, our government spent $290 billion more than it had. In 1992 alone, $1,150 was borrowed from every single person in America. Over the past 20 years, the average budget deficit has grown from $36 billion in the 1970s, to $156 billion in the 1980s, to the unprecedented $248 billion hole we have dug for ourselves so far in the 1990s. This irresponsible spending has resulted in a debt hole so deep that this year's interest payment ($213 billion)--just the interest payment--will be larger than this year's deficit ($176 billion). Today's talk about balancing the budget, while also calling for increased defense spending and lower taxes sadly assures me that fiscal responsibility will be trumped by politics as usual. These are the same misguided economic policies that tripled our national debt during the past 12 years. Republican George Bush called it ``Voodoo Economics.'' In 1798, Thomas Jefferson said that if he could add one amendment to the Constitution, it would be to prohibit the Federal Government from borrowing money: ``We should consider ourselves unauthorized to saddle posterity with our debts, and morally bound to pay them ourselves.'' Our recent history makes it clear we should heed Jefferson's wisdom. Our current spending spree cracks the foundations of our nation's sovereignty. At the beginning of the 1980s, foreigners owed Americans much more than we owed them. Today, we are the world's largest debtor nation. We owe foreigners much more than they owe us. And foreigners are collecting these debts by buying our office buildings, our companies, and our farms. We are selling our nation to anyone who will bankroll our outrageous spending. In an era when economics plays a larger role in the global order, our spending binge threatens our sovereignty and ability to influence international events. It's much harder to get Japan to tear down its trade barriers when we our indebted to them. A message sent loud and clear in the 1994 elections was that Americans want us to make wise decisions. A balanced budget will force the achievement of this goal because the decisions made depends on the amount of money you have to spend. This is proven true in our daily lives. A person with $3 to spend on lunch will make an entirely different set of decisions than that same person with $10 to spend. The Government just puts it on a credit card. We must remember, however, that voting for a balanced budget amendment is the easy part. The amendment has overwhelming public support and simply voting ``yes'' puts each of us on the right side of public opinion without having to make the tough choices that will put the budget into balance. It would be a cruel hoax on the American people to pass a balanced budget amendment without beginning to actually balance the budget. If we start our work today, the impact will be less painful and our decisions less difficult than if we continue to postpone tough decisions. To ensure that we make good on our commitment to balance the budget, I am working to draft the Balanced Budget Enforcement Act of 1995. This bill would force us--today--to begin bringing the budget into balance by the year 2002, while the ratification process proceeds. It would do so by setting spending caps and using across-the-board cuts if the caps aren't met. I don't believe this bill is the only answer to our budgetary problems, but it is an answer and it will lead to balanced budget. There is little argument that balancing the budget is essential to the future of our country. However, the bickering begins and political courage fades when we begin to talk specifics. It is time to summon the courage and start today.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I do not believe that the President and the Congress will find the collective courage necessary to balance the budget without a constitutional imperative. I, therefore, rise today in support of the Stenholm-Schaefer balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution because I have run out of patience. America has always been the land of opportunity. The assumption of a better life for each generation was one of the defining characteristics of our Nation. Throughout our history, people just like my grandparents have come here to build a better life for themselves and their children. Each generation's hard work paves the way so those who follow could travel farther down the road of prosperity. Unfortunately, Mr. Speaker, in recent decades the economic policies of this country have caused us to lose our way. We have borrowed to achieve a false sense of prosperity today, leaving the bills for our children to pay tomorrow. In 1992, our Government spent $290 billion more than it had. This means that in 1992 alone, $1,150 was borrowed from every single person in America. Over the past 20 years, the average budget deficit has grown from $36 billion in the seventies to $156 billion in the eighties, to the unprecedented $248 billion hole we have dug for ourselves in the 1990's. This hole, our debt, is a money pit where we throw taxpayers' dollars. In fact, interest payments on the national debt, which is the accumulation of our deficits, now surpass the annual deficit. During the current fiscal year, the projected deficit of $176 billion will be significantly less than the $213 billion we must pay in interest. In other words, we are taking in more than enough money to pay for all the programs and activities of the Federal Government. We just do not have enough money to pay off our previous bills. Previous budget deficits soak up our private savings and eat away at our economic well-being, resulting in reduced wage rates and fewer jobs, often hitting the highly paid manufacturing sector the hardest. Economics professor Benjamin Friedman writes: At the deepest level, an economic policy that artificially boosts consumption at the expense of investment, dissipates assets, and runs up debt, flies in the face of essential moral values that have always motivated each generation's sense of obligation to those that follow. We are enjoying what appears to be a higher, more stable standard of living by selling our children's economic birthright. I am absolutely convinced that the best thing we can do for today's men and women and for their children is to begin balancing the budget now. In the past I have steadfastly opposed amending the Constitution for this purpose, because it has always been within our power to balance the budget without a constitutional mandate. However, the trend of increasing budget deficits has demonstrated three administrations' and Congress' lack of resolve to make the tough decisions required to achieve a balanced budget. The rhetoric I hear today does nothing to convince me that we will change our buy-now-and-pay-later ways. Many talk about balancing the budget, while also calling for increased defense spending and lower taxes. These are the same misguided economic policies that tripled our national debt during the past 12 years. Republican George Bush called it voodoo economics. Sadly, a constitutional amendment may be the only way to force us to re-examine our priorities, to balance the budget, and cease mortgaging our Nation's future. In 1798 Thomas Jefferson said that if he could add one amendment to the Constitution, it would be to prohibit the Federal Government from borrowing money. In a 1992 congressional hearing, Lawrence Tribe said: The Jeffersonian notion that today's populace should not be able to burden future generations with excessive debt, does seem to be the kind of fundamental value that is worthy of enshrinement in the Constitution. Since I was elected to Congress, we have asked young men and women to give their lives to defend the ideals of our country. Compared to this, I do not just a little bit less of an increase in the Government payments they receive is to great a sacrifice to guarantee the future of our country. The time has come to enshrine the fundamental value of a balanced budget in the Constitution, and to distribute short-term sacrifice fairly and equitably among Americans of all ages. We must remember, however, that voting for a balanced budget amendment is the easy part. The amendment has overwhelming public support, and simply voting yes puts each of us on the right side of public opinion without having to make the tough choices that will put the budget into balance. It would be a cruel hoax on the American people to pass a balanced budget amendment without beginning to actually balance the budget now. If we start our work today, the impact will be less painful and our decisions less difficult than if we continue to postpone tough decisions.