Peter Visclosky

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chair, I move that the Committee do now rise.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great respect that I take this time to congratulate South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated, as the organization celebrates its 20th anniversary. Through sustainable transportation and energy efforts, South Shore Clean Cities has enhanced the quality of life for residents and visitors of Northwest Indiana and beyond for the past twenty years. In recognition of this momentous milestone, the organization will host a celebratory banquet on June 18, 2019, at the Avalon Manor in Merrillville, Indiana. South Shore Clean Cities is a member-based, nonprofit coalition that promotes sustainable transportation and energy programs in Northern Indiana. The organization supports initiatives that work to encourage domestic fuels, improve air quality, strengthen the nation's energy security, reduce dependence on imported oil, and build the local economy. Due to the dedication and hard work of the coalition's members and leaders, South Shore Clean Cities has won numerous awards and received countless accolades for its contributions, and it is certainly worthy of each and every honor. On June 15, 1999, South Shore Clean Cities was founded as the 71st Clean Cities coalition under the United States Department of Energy. In the early years, Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO) provided support for the organization to achieve nonprofit status and to be recognized by the United States Department of Energy. Under the initial leadership of Liz Williams and Deb McClelland-Parker, the coalition continued to grow, serving Lake, Porter, and LaPorte Counties in Northwest Indiana. In 2005, Carl and Lorrie Lisek became co- coordinators of South Shore Clean Cities. Then, in 2011, Lorrie became the Executive Director of Wisconsin Clean Cities and Carl become the Executive Director of South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated. Throughout the years, South Shore Clean Cities has surpassed its goals, exceeded its expectations, and continues to progress. Today, the coalition covers eighteen counties and its membership has grown exponentially. Projects spearheaded by the organization include NIPSCO's IN-Charge Project, the BP Cleaner Air through Diesel Emissions Reductions Grant Program, and the Green Fleet Program. Over the past decade, South Shore Clean Cities has helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 607,000 tons and has reduced the number of gasoline gallon equivalents by 93 million gallons. For their truly innovative and successful energy and transportation initiatives, the organization's members and leaders are worthy of the highest praise. Madam Speaker, I ask that you join me in congratulating South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated, on its 20th anniversary. For the past twenty years, the leadership and members of the coalition have enhanced the lives of countless individuals through their unwavering commitment to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, and they serve as an inspiration to us all.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chair, I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation, as I discuss the defense portion of this bill, to my ranking member, Mr. Calvert. He has made it easy to continue the collegiality, transparency, and bipartisanship that is a hallmark of the Defense Subcommittee. He is a wonderful partner. I also do want to express my gratitude to Chairwoman Lowey, Ranking Member Granger, and the other members of the subcommittee and full committee for their efforts. I want to also thank the staff. This legislation would not be possible without their outstanding effort. At this time, I would like to highlight some of the elements of this legislation that deal with the well-being and morale of those in uniform. The bill provides a 3.1 percent pay raise for our women and men in uniform. This is the largest increase in basic pay since 2010. The report expresses, however, support for a 3.1 percent pay increase for DOD civilian employees as well. We rely on DOD civilians to work side by side with military personnel. The administration's refusal to request an increase in pay for Federal employees devalues the important work done by these public servants. Congress must rectify this failure. I believe that access to affordable and quality childcare is vital to retention for All-Volunteer Forces, particularly for mid-career personnel. Thousands of military children are waitlisted for childcare development centers, and I am disappointed that the services have failed to meaningfully address this serious problem. To get at the backlog, the bill provides an additional $70.7 million for upgrades to military childcare facilities. The pervasiveness of sexual assault amongst servicemembers is deeply abhorrent. It is disheartening that the most recent report on this subject shows that sexual assaults across the U.S. military increased by a rate of 38 percent last year, with over two-thirds of assaults going unreported. The bill provides $297.2 million for Sexual Assault Prevention and Response programs at the service level, $13.5 million above the fiscal year 2019-enacted level. It also provides an additional $35 million for the Special Victims Counsel and $3 million for the Sexual Trauma Response and Treatment pilot program. The bill provides $1.26 billion for environmental restoration activities, which is $188 million above the current request. There are also several actions taken in the bill that I believe are important to highlight as an appropriator and as a member of the legislative branch. In recent years, the Department has viewed report language as suggestive and, on several occasions, has taken action in contravention of it or simply ignored congressional direction in the report. It is unacceptable, and it must stop. Report language is directive; it is not permissive. I would also point out that the budget justifications should be complete in detail. In many instances, they continue to be lacking. For example, there was a $72 million request to establish a Space Force, but the Department was unable to answer basic questions about the structure of the force, nor could they provide detailed long-term costs. Another example would be the proposed reorganization of the Military Health System. In its 2020 request, the Department requested a significant amount of money for the reorganization and proposed major reductions in healthcare billets. Yet, it could not answer basic questions about how the reorganization would affect servicemembers and beneficiaries. This legislation also takes steps to return to balance the relationship between the executive and legislative branches in response to the administration's unconstitutional use of dollars appropriated for the military to fund the construction of a wall on our southern border. If Congress appropriates funds for a designated and authorized purpose, it is not lawful for those funds to be used in contravention of the law. In closing, I reiterate my thanks to Mr. Calvert and the members of our subcommittee, as well as our wonderful staff for their exceptional work, dedication, and long hours. I look forward to the debate on our amendments. Mr. Chair, I would like to begin by expressing appreciation to Ranking Member Calvert. He has made it easy to continue the collegiality, transparency, and bipartisanship that is the hallmark of the Defense Subcommittee. I also would like to express my gratitude to Chairwoman Lowey, Ranking Member Granger, and the other Members of the Subcommittee for their efforts. And thank you to the Subcommittee staff, particularly the clerks, Becky Leggieri and Leslie Albright, as well as Walter Hearne, Brooke Boyer, Ariana Sarar, Jackie Ripke, David Bortnick, Matt Bower, Bill Adkins, Jennifer Chartrand, Hayden Milberg, Paul Kilbride, Shannon Richter, Sherry Young, Kyle McFarland, Johnnie Kaberle, Kiya Batmanglidj, and Jamie McCormick. I would also like to acknowledge the personal office staff, Joe DeVooght, Preston Rackauskas, Rebecca Keightley, and Christopher Romero. This legislation would not be possible without their outstanding effort. The bill would provide $690.2 billion for the Department of Defense, which is $15.8 billion above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $8 billion below the request. The base funding recommendation is $622.1 billion, which is $15.6 billion above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $88.2 billion above the request. The overseas contingency operations recommendation is $68.1 billion, which is $165 million above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $96.2 billion below the request. This bill supports the Department of Defense's effort to align its resources with the National Defense Strategy. This strategy redirects the Department's primary focus toward the challenges posed by great powers such as China and Russia, and their efforts to counter and challenge the technological and operational superiority long enjoyed by the United States military. This technological overmatch can no longer be assumed, and this bill provides funding to develop and field new weapon systems and capabilities to address these new challenges. To support this forward-looking posture, the bill makes major investments in procurement and research and development. Rather than focus my remarks on those investments, which have been detailed in several documents released by the Committee to the public, I am instead going to run through some of the efforts in this legislation that deal with the well-being and morale of those in uniform, their families, DoD civilians, and defense communities. The bill provides a 3.1 percent pay raise for our women and men in uniform. This is the largest increase in basic pay since 2010 and maintains the Committee's commitment to ensuring our all-volunteer force is compensated for their sacrifices. The report expresses support for a 3.1 percent pay increase for DoD civilian employees. We rely on DoD civilians to work side-by-side with military personnel to provide medical care for our troops, to perform vital logistics, maintenance, acquisition, and other essential services. The Administration's refusal to request an increase in pay for federal employees devalues the important work done by these public servants and I hope this Congress will ultimately rectify that in this year's appropriations measures. I believe that access to affordable and quality childcare is vital to retention in the all-volunteer force, particularly for mid-career enlisted and officers. Thousands of military children, including over 9,000 whose parents serve in the Navy, are waitlisted for Childcare Development Centers. I am disappointed that with such demonstrated need the military services' requests for childcare facilities were relatively unchanged from prior years. To get at this backlog, the bill provides an additional $70. 7 million for upgrades to military childcare facilities, which is complementary to an effort included in the FY20 Military Construction Appropriation measure to accelerate the construction of new Childcare Development Centers. The pervasiveness of sexual assault amongst service members is deeply abhorrent and it is disheartening that the most recent report on the subject shows that sexual assaults across the U.S. military increased by a rate of nearly 38 percent in 2018, with over two-thirds of assaults going unreported, The bill provides $297.2 million for Sexual Assault Prevention and Response programs at the Service level, $13.5 million above the FY19 enacted level and equal to the request. It also provides an additional $35 million for Special Victims Counsel for victims of sexual assault and $3 million for a Sexual Trauma Treatment Pilot Program for treatment of members of the Armed Forces for PTSD Related to Military Sexual Trauma. The bill provides $1.26 billion for environmental restoration activities, which is $188 million above the request. This includes $13 million for a nationwide health study on the implications of PFOS/PFOA at former and current domestic military installations. Further, the report directs the Department to achieve a drinking water cleanup standard equal to or better than the EPA health advisory level for federally controlled sites and surrounding communities whose water sources were contaminated because of Department activities. I believe these efforts and several others within the bill will have an immediate positive impact on people's quality of life. There are also several actions taken in the bill that I believe are important to highlight as an Appropriator and a Member of the Legislative Branch. In recent years, the Department has viewed report language as suggestive, and on several occasions has taken actions in direct contravention or simply ignored Congressional direction in the report. That is unacceptable and must stop. Report language is directive, not permissive. For example, in FY19 the Committee Report expressed significant displeasure with the inadequate budget justification by the Department of Defense. There have been improvements in certain areas, but a number of major proposals put forth by the DoD in the FY20 budget were incredibly lacking in detail. For example, there was a $72 million request to establish a Space Force, but the Department was unable to answer basic questions about the structure of the force, nor could the detail long-term costs. Because of that uncertainty, the Committee only provides $15 million for Space Force. Another example would be the proposed reorganization of the Military Health System. This reorganization was mandated in the 2017 Defense Authorization Act. In its FY20 request the Department requested a significant amount of money for the reorganization and proposed a major reduction in healthcare billets. Yet it could not answer basic questions about how the reorganization would affect service members and beneficiaries. Of particular concern to the Committee were impacts to pediatrics, maternity care, and mental health. The legislation halts the reorganization until those questions can be answered. Further, this legislation takes several steps to return to balance the relationship between the Executive and Legislative Branch, in response to the Administration's unconstitutional use of dollars appropriated for the military to fund the construction of the wall on the southern border. The Constitution gives the Congress the power of the purse. And if Congress appropriates funds for a designated and authorized purpose, it is not lawful for those funds to be used in contravention of that direction. Specifically, the bill reduces the amount of money the Department can move between accounts by 75 percent from the FY 2019 levels. This reduction leaves the Department with $1.5 billion in general transfer authority, which allows for the meeting of urgent and emergent military requirements. The legislation also increases the notification requirements and requires additional detail be provided to Congress in order for the Department to reprogram funding or start a new program. These are not actions that were taken lightly, but are absolutely necessary in order to allow Congress to carry out its Article I responsibilities. Finally, I feel compelled to spend a moment discussing the issue that has been an albatross around this Committee's neck since August 2, 2011, the Budget Control Act (BCA). In past years, I have bemoaned the sheer lunacy of the BCA and how it has made this Committee's work that much more difficult. Unfortunately, that dynamic remains until Congress and the President come together and find a solution to the BCA caps for FY20 and FY21. I understand that this is not a simple matter. However, I fail to see the benefit from delaying the conversation any longer. In closing, I would like to again reiterate my thanks to Members and staff that logged the long hard hours required to put this product together and I look forward to debate on the amendments.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on June 7, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On June 7, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Ewa Szczepanik, Marcin Jan Kryczka, Martha Cecilia Meadows, Daewon Sun, Shams Khalaf, Negma H. Scott, Nosratollah Rezaee, Sonia Miramontes, Maria Reyes-Arellano, Brandi Jennifer Ellinger, Scepan Kovacevic, Eduardo de Freitas Ferreira, Lian Gu, Vicente Mauricio Gonzaga Gonzaga, Eric Coria Garcia, Sladan Alempijevic, Denise Alejandra Godinez, Samuel Assam, Claudia Gillies, Mark William Gillies, Wanpeng Tan, Erasto Lopez Lecona, Delun Shi, Milene Hurtado, Guang Dai, Emma Garza, Gintaras Bansevicius, Ancy Isac George, Jose Rodolfo Moreno, and Jose G. Londono. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on June 7, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with deep sadness and great respect that I take this time to remember one of Northwest Indiana's most passionate and dedicated citizens, Lake County Councilwoman Elsie Franklin. Councilwoman Franklin passed away on Monday, May 6, 2019, at the age of 81. Her unwavering commitment to her constituents and her community is worthy of the highest praise, and she will be greatly missed by her family, friends, co-workers, and the many grateful residents whose lives she touched. Elsie was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and moved to Gary, Indiana, at a young age. She attended Gary Roosevelt High School and built her life in the city of Gary. Ms. Franklin was a member of Clark Road Missionary Baptist Church and was very active in her faith throughout her lifetime. For Elsie, being able to improve her community and assist those in need was her life's purpose. She is remembered by family and friends as a role model who stood up for those who did not have a voice. Throughout her lifetime of public service, Elsie Franklin served the people of Gary and Lake County in numerous capacities. She was the director of Gary's General Services under Mayor Thomas Barnes while also holding positions on various boards, charities, and organizations throughout the years. In 2002, she was elected to serve on the Lake County Council, representing the 2nd district. This victory marked the first time an African-American woman would serve on the Lake County Council. She was passionate about the people of her district and the issues they faced. Many remember her actively working to secure funding for services within the Lake County Juvenile Court system. The challenges facing the youth in the city of Gary and throughout Northwest Indiana were a priority for her, and Councilwoman Franklin was a true hero for her hard work and dedication to the children of our communities. Elsie served on the Lake County Council for the past seventeen years, and she was an outstanding activist for the people of her district and the city of Gary. Councilwoman Franklin was also a strong leader for the Democratic Party in Northwest Indiana for many years. Throughout her remarkable career, spanning over 50 years, she served her party in numerous capacities. Elsie served as vice chairwoman of the Lake County Democratic Central Committee, and she was the first African-American woman to chair the Gary Democratic Precinct Organization. Elsie Franklin is survived by her beloved children: Cherylynn, Michael, Kimberly, Kenya, Keesha, Theodore, and Dara. She also leaves to cherish her memory many dear friends and family members, as well as a saddened but grateful community. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in paying tribute to a true public servant, Ms. Elsie Franklin. For her outstanding contributions to the city of Gary and to the community of Northwest Indiana, she is to be commended. Elsie Franklin's legacy will be forever remembered and will continue to inspire generations to come.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great respect and admiration that I rise to commend several exceptional leaders from Indiana who will be honored as the Northwest Indiana Business and Industry Hall of Fame Class of 2019. While there are many deserving nominees, this year's inductees include Kenneth J. Allen, Benito Gamba, Ron McColly, and David Van Eekeren. In addition, U.S. Steel will be presented with the Enterprise of the Year Award. For their many contributions to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, these honorees will be recognized at the 12th Annual Induction Ceremony on Tuesday, May 28, 2019, at Avalon Manor in Merrillville, Indiana. The Honorable Eric Holcomb, Governor of the State of Indiana, and United States Senator Todd Young will serve as keynote speakers for this special event. Kenneth J. Allen graduated from Gary Lew Wallace High School and went on to study at Valparaiso University and the Indiana University School of Law. Before becoming an attorney, Mr. Allen worked in construction and then for a railroad company at a steel mill. After graduating law school, Ken opened his law firm in Valparaiso, focusing on personal injury and wrongful death litigation. Today, his business consists of six locations, three in Indiana and three in Illinois. The Kenneth Allen Law Group tirelessly seeks out cases that can bring about true change in society. Mr. Allen also gives much of his time and support to various charitable endeavors, including the Lake Area United Way and the Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Indiana. Benito Gamba is the founder and owner of Gamba Ristorante, located in Merrillville, Indiana. Benito was born in Altomonte, Italy, and moved to the United States in 1977. After working in several established restaurants, Mr. Gamba opened his own place, Cafe Venezia, in 1988. In 2001, he then opened the Venezia Bar and Grill, which was followed by the opening of his current establishment, Gamba Ristorante, in 2006. At this time in his life, Benito is focused on providing good jobs and continuing to share his love of food with the people of Northwest Indiana and beyond. Ron McColly, a Gary native, is the owner of McColly Real Estate, the largest residential real estate company in Northwest Indiana. Throughout the years, Mr. McColly continued to build his business, and he has been immensely successful due to his outstanding leadership skills and determination. Today, McColly Real Estate consists of twenty-three real estate offices throughout the region. The McColly Company includes: Community Title, McColly Bennett Commercial, McColly Insurance, McColly Auctions, and the McColly School of Real Estate. Ron has continuously given back to the community through charitable support for numerous organizations, including the Methodist Hospitals Foundation and the Crown Point YMCA, among many others. David Van Eekeren is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Land O'Frost, a processed deli meat company that is headquartered in Munster, Indiana. David is the third generation of his family to run the business. Land O'Frost is currently the third largest producer of processed deli meats in the United States and has plants in Illinois, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Under Mr. Van Eekeren's leadership the company continues to grow and is focused on adding new and innovative products. David gives back to his community in many ways, especially through his support for the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation and his service as a trustee for the Illinois Institute of Technology. The recipient of the Enterprise of the Year Award is U.S. Steel for recently pledging two billion dollars to a company-wide asset revitalization program. A large part of the revitalization program is allocated for Gary Works, which is the largest integrated steel mill in North America and stretches for seven miles along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Gary Works currently employs more than 3,800 people, providing good jobs for hard-working families throughout the region. The revitalization program will ensure that the company is able to continue building the economy in Gary and Northwest Indiana for many years to come. Madam Speaker, I ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in commending these dedicated leaders and organizations upon their induction into the Northwest Indiana Business and Industry Hall of Fame. They are truly deserving of this honor, and for their exceptional leadership and commitment to the region and beyond, each of them is worthy of the highest praise.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2379, which will permanently reauthorize the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program. I want to particularly thank Mr. Pascrell, as well as Mr. King, for taking the lead on this very important legislation. In 1997, I co-authored the original legislation to create the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program with the gentleman who originated the idea for this legislation, and who was the original cosponsor, our good friend, former colleague, Representative Frank LoBiondo, from the State of New Jersey; he had been active over the last 22 years in having the act reauthorized, which is why I strongly support this bill to add permanence to it. As has been mentioned during the debate, there have been over 13,000 jurisdictions who have been helped. I represent the First Congressional District in Indiana, and in Fiscal Year 2018 the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program provided $80,738 to local law enforcement in Northwest Indiana. This assisted in the purchase of about 200 new vests for officers who are protecting our communities. Mr. Speaker, I stand here to reiterate my strong support for this legislation, and I ask my colleagues to support it.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Chair, I ask unanimous consent to claim time in opposition, although I do not oppose the amendment.

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Chair, I rise in support of the gentleman's amendment. We are still waiting for a final damage assessment, and we understand that the Air Force has just adjusted its original fiscal assessment. The underlying bill includes $400 million for the airport. The Cunningham amendment will increase the amount to a total of $670 million. The need for additional funding is acute. I have two of my colleagues who will also speak on that need. I would simply point out that I deeply regret at this late date that the administration still has not made official requests to fund the needs of both the Air Force and the Marines in the recovery from last fall's hurricane. Absent a comprehensive request, the funds necessary to address the extensive damage for these key installations will be provided in an inefficient and piecemeal fashion. I would urge the administration, and particularly, the Office of Management and Budget and the Secretary of Defense, to finally send a full and detailed cost assessment to Congress and properly prioritize rebuilding of these installations. I yield 1\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Fortenberry), my colleague.

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Chair, I yield the balance of my time to the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Bacon).

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Chair, I support the amendment, and I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, I withdraw my reservation of a point of order.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on May 10, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On May 10, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Amorette Jackson Vorkpor, Ragubir Singh Rathore, Zeyad Khalaf Al Sedra Al Sedra, Bushra Thamer Mohsin, Jason Christopher Richardson, Sana Hajira Kendrix, Mari Diaz, Marisol Lopez Pantoja, Felipe Garcilazo Garcilazo, Alexandros Angelos Taflanidis, Henry G. Huang, Carlos Magdaleno, Teodora Orduno Gutierrez, Geena Jikyung Kam, Natalie B. Leonov, Andres Loza, Ying-Ling Lin, Araceli Magdaleno, Janet V. Fatti, Mourad Takawi, Veronica Gonzalez, Qusai M. Odeh, Ana Delia Aleman Lorenzo, Estela Reyes, Boubacar Bouka Gamby, Norma Alicia Garmendiz, Mika Trivunovic, Adrian Jaesim, Hisham Mahmoud Salih Abidallh and Stanislawa Antonina Malochleb. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on May 10, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is my distinct pleasure to recognize the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC, which will be celebrating its 17th anniversary by hosting a gala dinner and banquet on Saturday, April 13, 2019, at the Halls of Saint George in Schererville, Indiana. The Indian American Cultural Center, which opened on March 9, 2002, was established with the following goal in mind: to foster peace and harmony amongst the people of Northwest Indiana by showcasing their cultural heritage and creating spiritual awareness in both youth and adults, as well as to engage in various charitable endeavors, both nationally and locally. Since its inception, the Indian American Cultural Center has been instrumental in educating Northwest Indiana's citizens on the traditions and customs of the Indian heritage. The members of the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC are to be honored, not only for their commitment to preserving tradition, but also for their dedication to making improvements that benefit all mankind. Proceeds from this year's gala, which throughout the years has demonstrated the immense generosity of its attendees and organizers, will go to support the Nazareth Home in East Chicago and Veterans Life Changing Services in Gary. In the past, proceeds from the gala have gone to such noble causes as cancer research, educational scholarships, the American Red Cross, tsunami and hurricane relief funds, the Carmelite Home for Girls, Arc Bridges of Hobart, Campagna Academy, and many more. For their significant contributions to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, the members and leaders of the NWIHRC are worthy of the highest praise. Madam Speaker, I ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in congratulating the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC on its 17th anniversary. The members and leaders of this outstanding organization have dedicated themselves to serving others, and continue to improve the quality of life for the people of Northwest Indiana and throughout the world. They serve as an inspiration to us all.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great honor and respect that I recognize the Community Civility Counts Initiative as the organization celebrates its fourth annual World Civility Day on April 11, 2019, along with the Gary Chamber of Commerce, the entire community of Northwest Indiana, and beyond. World Civility Day is a day in which we are asked to become aware of our behavior towards others and to become mindful of our thoughts, words, and actions. It is a day to remember that we can be better people in every area of life, and to remember that our actions serve as an example for generations to come. In observance of this special event, a day of civility-themed activities will be held at the Indiana Welcome Center in Hammond, and an awards banquet will follow in the evening at the Avalon Manor in Merrillville. In 2015, Chuck Hughes, Executive Director of the Gary Chamber of Commerce, and Dr. Gordon E. Bradshaw, Chairman of the Public Policy Committee, worked together through the Gary Chamber to create the Civility Counts Initiative. The organization's mission is to build public awareness of civility and to help transform communities through positive programs and relationships. The Initiative works to raise the consciousness level of individuals and groups of people, as so many of us face incidents of disrespect, intolerance, bullying, or violence. For striving to make a difference in our communities, the organization and its supporters are worthy of the highest praise. This year, the organization welcomes and honors Dr. Clyde Rivers, President and Founder of IChange Nations. Dr. Rivers is also an Ambassador-at-Large for the Republic of Burundi, Africa. Dr. Rivers plans to incorporate the Community Civility Counts message into his own organization and his work for peace and civility throughout the world. Showing her support for this powerful message, Ms. Melba Moore, Grammy nominee and Tony Award winner, will be performing at the International Awards Dinner. Mr. Michael Turner, saxophonist for the Ohio Players, and Mr. Reginald Thornton, original dancer from the iconic Soul Train television show, will celebrate civility through their performances, as well. Madam Speaker, I ask you and my other colleagues to join me in honoring and congratulating the Community Civility Counts Initiative and in celebrating World Civility Day. The significance of this movement will have a positive impact on generation after generation. For their influence, passion, and dedication to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, the leaders and supporters of the Community Civility Counts Initiative are to be commended.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, on April 4, 2019, I missed Roll Call vote 153. Had I been present for Roll Call 153, on passage of S.J. Res. 7, a joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress, I would have voted ``Yes.'' I am deeply dismayed and saddened by the ongoing civil war in Yemen. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, this conflict has resulted in almost 22 million Yemenis in need of humanitarian assistance due to the worsening violence, including over 2 million internally displaced persons, as well as over 190,000 refugees that have fled to neighboring countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Somalia. I firmly believe that it is important for the U.S. to continue to support an end to the worsening violence and prevent further human suffering.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on April 5, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On April 5, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Yankho E. Pfledderer, Anas Bassam Kalam, Dalbag Singh Bajwa, Adriana Rivera, Josh Jesus Ortega, Luz C. Marquez, Zora Ristevska, Janette Magallanes, Maritza Zapata, Gonzalo Diaz, Julia A. Martinez, Araceli G. Campos, Bert Veenendaal, Yadviga Tischenko, Zoran Avramoski, Neha J. Patel, Irma Yolanda Duarte, Juan Carlos Amaya, Audrey Corinne Kaucoud Behinan, Miguel A. Rivera, Nathalia Conte Silvestre Casiano, Bojana Pavic, Victor Alvarez, Angelica Maria Avila, Enrique Vargas, Sonal B. Patel, Luis Enrique Hernandez, Sofia Sanchez, Alicia Prado, and Lourdes Maria Fry. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on April 5, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate twenty-five individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on March 8, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On March 8, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Saudi Elizabeth Gonzalez-Martinez, Clemence lngabire Andrew, Avelina Garcia, Maria Del Carmen Trevino, Simona Podlecki, Fatoumata Diallo, Lorena Garcia-Vargas, Thu Le Coultas, Gustavo Lopez Lemus, Piotr Henryk Ozimek, Maria Del Pilar Parent-Quintana, Paticia Aguirre, Alyda Frederika Willemina Veenendaal, Khristine Mascardo Bernier, Gurpreet Kaur, Nada Jovanoski, Anaya Alvarez Lucila, Patricia Bugayong Fry, Miguel Avila, Nelly Berenguel Ramirez De Vargas, Elaine Criselda Dequina Moline, Dipika Darji, Adriana Albertina Martinez, Carmen Mendoza De Garcia, and George Vlahos. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on March 8, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great respect and admiration that I rise today in observance of Women's History Month and its 2019 theme--Visionary Women: Champions of Peace and Nonviolence. Each year, the National Women's History Project selects a unifying theme to recognize and promote Women's History Month. This year's theme features the stories of women from diverse backgrounds and fields who have advocated for peace and human rights throughout the world. In the United States, women of every race, class, and ethnic background have played a critical role in advocating for unity and peace. For generations, women have contributed to resolving conflicts and have worked to promote nonviolence in the workplace, schools, homes, communities, and government. Women have insisted upon and continue to fight for respect, justice, and peace for all of humanity. Strong pioneers such as Graciela Sanchez, Dr. E. Faye Williams, and Dorothy Cotton built their lives upon fighting for equal rights and eliminating racism and sexism. Leaders including Deborah Tucker advocated for improvements of laws and policies worldwide. Ms. Tucker helped write and pass the Violence Against Women Act of 1994. Sister Alice Zachmann was also a trailblazer who dedicated her life to ending war and violence, giving much of her time and efforts to organizations that supported the end of the Vietnam War. In 1982, Sister Zachmann founded the Guatemala Human Rights Commission USA and served as its director for twenty years. For their leadership and outstanding dedication to women's rights, unity, and peace, they are well deserving of our respect and admiration. I commend these fine women and the many others who have fought alongside them for securing rights for all women of every creed, class, and ethnic background. These fearless and strong women serve as remarkable role models who reflect the 2019 theme, Visionary Women: Champions of Peace and Nonviolence. Madam Speaker, I am honored to join in celebrating Women's History Month and to recognize that after decades of dedication, perseverance, contributions, and advances, great American women from all cultures and classes are being celebrated. To illustrate the numerous brave women of our nation's history, we remember and recount the tales of our ancestors' talents, sacrifices, and commitments that serve as an inspiration to today's generation. I ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in celebrating these brave women who have improved American society and whose stories are woven into the fabric of our nation.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is my distinguished pleasure to recognize the Beta Rho Chapter of Tri Kappa Incorporated, as the organization celebrates its 100th anniversary. A century of outstanding dedication to the community through philanthropic service and support is certainly an amazing accomplishment. In honor of this momentous milestone, a 100th anniversary banquet will take place on Sunday, February 24, 2019, at Innsbrook Country Club in Merrillville, Indiana. Tri Kappa Incorporated was organized on February 22, 1901, in Indianapolis. Throughout the state of Indiana, there are 146 chapters, 110 associate chapters, and approximately 9,000 members. The organization's mission is to promote charity, culture, and education by supporting philanthropic establishments and projects within its local communities. Each year, the members of Tri Kappa give over 300,000 hours of service to their mission and raise over $1.5 million for college students, charities, and cultural organizations. The Beta Rho Chapter of Tri Kappa was established in Gary, Indiana, on February 21, 1919. The organization is truly thankful and indebted to the strong women who founded the Beta Rho Chapter. The charter officers are Rose Dorman, president, Anita Bailey, vice president, Minnie Milteer, recording secretary, Esther McCauley, corresponding secretary, and Anne Gibson, treasurer. Additional founding members include Ione Hodge, Geraldine Newman, Marcelle Miller, May Hake, Genevieve Michally, Marcia Lamb, Maude Norris, Marjory Hutton, and Edna Emley. These women laid the foundation for the successful organization it is today. Each year, the members and leaders of the Gary Chapter give passionately and selflessly of their time, energy, and support to numerous deserving organizations throughout the region, including the Northwest Indiana Symphony, Sojourner Truth House, Meals on Wheels, Food Bank of Northwest Indiana, South Shore Arts Northwest Indiana, and Lakeshore Public Television, to name a few. In addition, academic scholarships are given to commendable students each year. For their significant contributions to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, the members and leaders of the Beta Rho Chapter of Tri Kappa Incorporated are truly worthy of the highest praise. Madam Speaker, I ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in congratulating the Beta Rho Chapter of Tri Kappa Incorporated as the organization celebrates its 100th anniversary. The members of this outstanding organization have dedicated themselves to serving others and continue to improve the quality of life for the people of Northwest Indiana; they serve as an inspiration to us all.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with deep sadness but with fond memories that I take this time to remember one of Northwest Indiana's finest citizens, Mr. Robert Crossk, former Hobart City and Lake County Councilman. Bob's service to the people of Northwest Indiana is worthy of our deepest admiration. Mr. Crossk passed away at the age of 86 on Sunday, January 27, 2019, but the impact he has had on his community will live on for generations to come. Robert Crossk epitomized what it means to be a civil servant, working tirelessly and without self-interest for all the residents of Lake County, Indiana. Mr. Crossk served on the Hobart City Council from 1979 to 1983 before his election to the Lake County Council. Councilman Crossk went on to represent the sixth district of Lake County from 1983 to 1998. Bob was a remarkable civic leader who was known for his hard work, dedication, and integrity. A union man by trade, Bob was a member of the International Union of Operating Engineers Local 150 for much of his life. Mr. Crossk also devoted much of his energy to charitable organizations such as the Knights of Columbus and Veterans of Foreign Wars. For his passionate dedication to helping others throughout his lifetime, Bob Crossk is truly worthy of the highest praise. Robert Crossk leaves to cherish his memory a loving family. He is survived by his wonderful wife, Gladys, and their four beloved daughters, two sons, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren, not to mention many other dear friends and family members whose lives have been enriched by having known him. Bob will also be forever remembered by a grateful community of Lake County residents who he selflessly served with distinction for so many years. I especially want to note that I have known Bob for my entire life. For every one of those days, I have only known Mr. Crossk to be a gentleman, possessed an expansive and warm personality, and an unflagging generosity of spirit. My life has been enriched because Robert Crossk assisted me along the path of life. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in honoring Robert Crossk for his outstanding devotion to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond. Bob's life of service is to be commended, and his unwavering commitment to making the region a better place will serve as an inspiration to us all.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on February 8, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On February 8, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Mahmooda Mohammed, Alice Nyambura Ngatia, Nicholas Ngugi Kiraki, Barbara Lucio, Riste Trajanovski, Janette Magallanes, Tehmina Talib, Birute Arnold, Chantal Mutabazi, Ainka Faustina de Coteau, Ian Frederick Griffiths, Huy N. Huynh, Brenda Berenice Avila Rosales, Rodrigo Garcia, Elisabeth Navarro, Ristana Lazaroska, Elva Lucero Madrigal, Audrey Corinne Kaucoud Behinan, Chulida O'Donnell, Jose Efrain Aguilar, Sohaib Aleem, Moshe Michael Abudraham, Pablo Ernesto Bernaschina, Mayra Mercado-Estrada, Mary Teresa Duffy, Norma Lizeth Cruz, Adriana Bell, Faustin Kagesera, Marisol Bosio, and Hugh Gong. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on February 8, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great respect and sincere admiration that I rise today to celebrate Black History Month and its 2019 theme--Black Migrations. This year's theme reflects on the mass movement of African Americans from the rural south to northern, western, and mid-western cities of the United States from approximately 1916 to 1970. This profound movement has played a critical role in changing the landscape of American society for the better and has helped to shape our wonderfully diverse and truly remarkable nation. During World War I, the first large migrations took place, with over 400,000 African Americans moving from the south and inhabiting major northern cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and Pittsburgh. In the 1920s, another 800,000 people left the south, followed by another 400,000 in the 1930s. Between 1940 and 1960, over 3,300,000 African Americans had migrated from southern states to resettle in northern and western cities. While there were numerous reasons for this migration, many individuals and families were hoping to escape the economic oppression they were experiencing in the south, which left little room for economic growth. World War I created a demand for workers in the steel mills, factories, and railroads, and most people moved for higher paying jobs. When the migration began, a factory wage in the north was more than three times the amount an African American could expect to make working the land in the south. By World War II, African American people continued to move north but also settled west, in California, Oregon, and Washington. Black migration influenced religion, music, literature, arts, social perspectives, tradition, and the history of our nation, and we are forever grateful for the impact it had on creating a rich, culturally diverse America. In addition, African Americans now had a new voice in shaping public policy through political activism. However, while the movement brought more opportunity and ideas, African Americans continued to fight with racism, prejudice, and injustice. During this time, there were numerous race riots in the north, including the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, which lasted thirteen days, leaving 38 people dead, 537 people injured, and 1,000 black families without homes. While our great country has made tremendous strides in the fight for equality and civil rights, there is much work to be done. Madam Speaker, I ask that you and my distinguished colleagues join me in celebrating Black History Month. This month and always, it is important that we honor and celebrate America's greatest advocates for equal rights and civil liberties. As we pay tribute to these heroes of American history, let us remember their profound perseverance, sacrifice, and struggle in the fight for freedom and equality, and the remarkable impact their contributions have had in shaping our great nation.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on January 25, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana. America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America. On January 25, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Julia Sui Nei Mawi, Balida McCraw, Song E. Paik, Bruno Frederic Penteado, Angel Chiang, Maricela Garcilazo, Luis Antonio Huerta, Carmen Navarro Lopez, Tatiana Madon, Jorge Martinez, Lucia Tiscornia, Karina Furlic, Viktoriya Trenkinshu, Ana M. Anguiano, Jose Arturo Jimenez, Nishi Wairimu Muna, Elyahu Harold Herszberg, Tianlin Wang Ford, Tsoelopele Quincy Mukwena, Haneen Abuhasan, Sofia Rebeca Cavazos; Belen Candelario, Ljubica Trajceski, Shing Vucich Chung, Jabrieh Mustafa Issa, Dijana Najdeski, Suthon Somjana, Elena Eshanova, Martin Paul Nowosadzki, and Selenne Serna. Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so. Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on January 25, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Mr. VISCLOSKY

Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, it is with great respect and admiration that I take this time to honor Mr. Ronald Powell and to wish him well upon his retirement from his position as president of Local 881, United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) International Union, and as vice president of the UFCW International. Ron has devoted his life to the working men and women of the UFCW, and for his unwavering dedication, he is to be commended. Mr. Powell will be honored at a retirement celebration taking place at Gibsons Bar & Steakhouse in Oak Brook, Illinois, on Wednesday, January 23, 2019. In 1961, Ronald Powell began his career for Local 881 when he was hired as a field representative. Due to his hard work and commitment, Ron was promoted to field staff supervisor in 1968 , and went on to become vice president/director of field operations in 1973. His career continued to thrive, and in 1983, Mr. Powell became president of Local 881. In addition, he served as vice president of the UFCW International. Currently, Ron serves as vice president of the Illinois AFL-CIO and is a trustee for the UFCW Midwest Pension and Benefits Fund. Throughout his successful career, Mr. Powell fought for the rights of union members and American workers. Under his direction, Local 881 has become a progressive leader on behalf of its members in the areas of work-site representation, membership services, benefits, communication and activities. In addition to his successful career, Ron has dedicated much of his time and efforts to charitable endeavors for organizations including the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Jackson Park Hospital, Little City Foundation, and United Way of Illinois, to name a few. Mr. Powell's dedication to the community and his career is exceeded only by his devotion to his amazing family. Ron and his beloved late wife, Lois, have four amazing children, twelve grandchildren, and four great- grandchildren. Madam Speaker, I ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in commending Mr. Ronald Powell for his outstanding contributions to Local 881, and to the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) International Union. Throughout my career, Ron has been a tireless advocate for working people and an even better friend. For his lifetime of leadership and tireless dedication to his community, Ron is worthy of the highest praise, and I wish him well upon his retirement.