Todd Young

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that should the Senate receive from the House of Representatives a bill, the text of which is identical to H.R. 8982, as introduced in the House and which is at the desk, the Senate proceed to its immediate consideration, the bill be considered read a third time, and the Senate vote on passage without further intervening action or debate, and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table.

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I want to take a moment this morning to recognize a friend and fellow Hoosier, Mark Souder, who passed away earlier this week after a battle with cancer. Mark represented, as so many Hoosiers know, northeastern Indiana in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2010. He served eight terms. Before being elected to Congress, he spent years working as a staffer for Indiana Senator Dan Coats. Anyone--anyone--who met Mark was struck by his intellect, his innate grasp of policy details, and perhaps most importantly, his passion for service, for serving Hoosiers in particular. You see, Mark loved northeast Indiana. He loved his constituents. He loved the land, its people, and its unique traditions. He was a strong advocate for Hoosier veterans in particular and for our national parks during his service in Congress. He was also a man of many talents and interests. Baseball was one of them. In fact, he wrote about the game's history and connections to our own State. Recently, Mark collaborated on a book about the history of television in Fort Wayne. More personally, I always appreciated Mark's kindness and support as I began my congressional career, and I know Mark provided similar assistance and encouragement to others. I offer my deepest condolences to the Souder family and to all of Mark's friends and loved ones as they mourn his loss. CHIPS and Science Act Madam President, ``Time and momentum are on our side''--so said Xi Jingping to his colleagues in the Chinese Communist Party last year. True, there have been some recent setbacks to China's grand plan-- corruption probes, billions of wasted government dollars--but make no mistake, these are minor distractions. You see, the CCP is as determined as ever to supplant the United States as the world's leader, militarily and economically, in order to win the 21st century. Xi and his government will subsidize any industry, spend any amount of money, take any means--even propping up manufacturing with slave labor--to bend the market to its ambitions and force America to its knees. The CCP is confident that America is too dysfunctional and that the American people are too divided to arrest its momentum. Well, today, I am pleased to report that the CCP has made a serious miscalculation. Allow me to explain. You see, earlier this month, I was in West Lafayette, on the campus of Purdue University. Indiana's Governor, Eric Holcomb, and Purdue's president, Mitch Daniels, were, of course, there. We were joined by U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken. Our group saw up close the amazing work that Purdue is doing across its technology ecosystem. We met and spoke with many talented students and professors. We had a productive discussion about ways to bolster our national security and economic competitiveness. Not coincidentally, we did this in a hall named for Neil Armstrong and, not coincidentally, because our conversation focused on the CHIPS and Science Act. This is legislation I and others in the Senate worked on for years and of which I am proud was finally signed into law in August. The CHIPS and Science Act will unleash the same enterprising American spirit that sent Neil Armstrong to the Moon aboard Apollo 11--the same spirit Beijing believes is a relic of the 20th century. This type of bipartisan economic and national security win only comes along once in a generation. Enacting the CHIPS and Science Act sent a strong message to the world that when it comes to meeting China's challenge, here in the United States, there is cross-party consensus and a seriousness of purpose. A thriving domestic chip industry is going to prevent future supply chain stoppages and protect our military readiness. You see, right now, Taiwan produces 90 percent of all advanced semiconductor chips, and the threat of a communist China takeover of Taiwan is real. Meanwhile, the Chinese Government is heavily subsidizing its national security innovation base and the development of mission-critical technologies. In fact, the CCP has invested $14 trillion--$14 trillion--in the technologies that will shape our modern economy and decide the winners of future wars, technologies like quantum computing, robotics, and artificial intelligence, and technologies like hypersonics. They have also set a strategy of dominating the global production of semiconductors. If China produces more and more of the world's supply of semiconductors, America's economy and our national security could be at the mercy of the CCP, especially in the event of another pandemic or war. This is all part of Beijing's bet to beat America, but the CHIPS and Science Act helps America counter that bet. You see, there is a happy coincidence here. What benefits our national security also benefits our economic security, especially across the industrial Midwest, where we pride ourselves on making things--things like microchips. Just weeks after the CHIPS and Science Act became law, its benefits began to reverberate across the heartland economy. We have already seen numerous, major economic announcements that are directly tied to this bill becoming law. In fact, a corridor of the semiconductor industry will run through the State of Indiana. Thanks to the CHIPS and Science Act, SkyWater Technology is moving forward with its plans to partner with Purdue to build a $1.8 billion facility in West Lafayette, which will manufacture semiconductor chips and create an estimated 750 direct jobs, and there is more to come. Further, the CHIPS and Science Act provides $2 billion for the Department of Defense to make semiconductors. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division, in southern Indiana, with its expertise in chips manufacturing, is expected to play a significant role in this effort, in turn creating economic opportunities across the southern part of our State. The regional tech hubs authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act will launch innovative companies, help revive American manufacturing, and lay the foundation for new, good-paying jobs to jump-start our local communities. For too long, our coastal States have been the near-exclusive hotbeds of venture capital investments and launching pads for tech startups. Only a handful of American cities account for nearly 90 percent of job growth when it comes to advanced sectors like tech, computer manufacturing, biotech, and telecom. But the CHIPS and Science Act plants the seed corns to ensure that opportunity for investors, entrepreneurs, and researchers spreads across the industrial Midwest and other areas around the country. It will broaden and deepen our startup and tech economy. As a result, everyone will win, and our national defense will be safeguarded. Our position as a leader in the development of feature technologies will be secure. Our ability to win the contests ahead, economically and, God forbid, militarily, will also be secured. And there will be numerous residual benefits to this law in the years to come, such as American labor providing the manpower needed to construct new fabs and facilities here in the United States. In closing, let me reiterate that the CHIPS and Science Act will be a boost to our domestic economy, but it is not just about our economy. It will strengthen our national defense by allowing us to have the most sophisticated weapons systems and by ensuring their critical components are made in the U.S.A. But it is not just about national defense either. You see, this is about deciding which values are going to animate these technologies in the future: The values on display from a Communist Party when it cracks down on protesters in the streets of Hong Kong? The values that enslave millions of Uighurs and Xinjiang, or threaten Taiwan? The world's autocrats are attempting to exert their influence across the globe. They argue that the American system, with our pesky system of checks and balances, our very ideal of government of the people, by the people, for the people--they argue that can't work in the 21st century. But the signing of the CHIPS and Science Act proved them wrong. When it comes to out-innovating China in authoring a second American century, I am confident that, in the days ahead, both time and momentum will be on America's side. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, H.R. 8982 is another important fix to the ongoing infant formula shortage. When the Formula Act passed in July, it left out ``infant formula base powder.'' This bill will ensure trade barriers are lifted as we continue to address this crisis. I thank my colleagues Senator Lee and Senator Braun for their efforts on this. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. I yield myself 10 minutes from the bill time. Mr. President, I rise today to honor the lives of four Hoosiers who were lost tragically in a car accident this week, Edith Schmucker, Zachary Potts, Emma Thomson, and Representative Jackie Walorski. We grieve them all, and we pray for their families and friends. This is, of course, a profoundly difficult time for those of us who knew one or more of these Hoosiers. It is such a difficult time for their families and their friends, and all of us, I know, we commit to do whatever it is in our power to comfort their loved ones in the difficult days ahead. Like everyone here and back home in Indiana, I am absolutely heartbroken. I think one thing that hit everyone particularly hard was the loss of two young congressional staff members. Whether you knew Zach or Emma personally or not, you certainly know their type if you are watching these proceedings on Capitol Hill. You know the type of hard-working, smart, committed, young person that comes to work on a congressional staff. They dedicate so much of their time and their talents. Other opportunities are given up in order to serve their country and to work toward the betterment of their Nation. We should celebrate their accomplishments while we grieve their loss. It is a reminder, I think, for all of us to thank the many congressional staff members who do much more than the public will ever know. I want to take a few minutes today to pay tribute to our colleague right here in the Halls of Congress, Jackie Walorski. Jackie and I came to Congress at roughly the same time--she, 2 years after me--and I will never forget when she arrived here at the U.S. Capitol. Jackie didn't need time to get her ``sea legs.'' No, Jackie knew that she belonged here. Jackie understood that this was her calling. She didn't need people to tell her that she belonged. She got right to work because she had some things to accomplish. I have to say that her confidence was infectious. Everyone saw it. Everyone was impressed by it. People loved being around her, including me. Jackie had so many other amazing qualities, and I would like to highlight a number of those today. She was always so full of energy. It was a positive energy. She was a lightning bolt. She could light up a room like no other. In fact, in my observation, she only had two speeds, it was full-bore on and off. She was high-spirited and full of fire. Jackie also had a really big heart. In fact, her heart was as big as it was good. She wore it on her sleeve every day, every moment of the day. She didn't hide her convictions. In fact, she made sure that they were expressed in the boldest, most colorful fashion. Her convictions were deeply held. She was proud of them. It is what made Jackie ``Jackie.'' She was of deep convictions, clearly, not just with her politics. No, it came from a deeper place. She had deep convictions with respect to her religious faith. I have to say that for all the many speeches I saw her deliver and for all the people I saw her energize, it was often after she delivered a prayer--and I saw her deliver a number of those--that audiences gave their most heartfelt ovations. Jackie was a larger than life figure, but Jackie was never fake. She was never contrived. She was beloved, in fact, because she inspired and motivated people with a passion that was so authentic, so human. And Jackie cared about the people she connected with. She was genuinely concerned. She was what you might call the genuine article. Jackie was also very smart, not just energetic. She was very smart. As a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, you could see that on a regular basis. But even in a casual conversation, Jackie had a habit of cutting right to the issue. But, more importantly, Jackie was smart about the people she represented. She knew their hearts. She knew their concerns. She knew their challenges. She knew their aspirations. She studied them. She lived it. She stayed in touch with them. She never forgot whom she worked with. She never forgot whom she worked for, and she never forgot who sent her to Washington. Jackie also had courage. She was a fearless leader. You see this in your best leaders. She didn't flinch in the face of tough votes. No, Jackie was smart enough to know the consequences, but she wasn't afraid. She did what she thought was right. She did it for the right reasons, and she had enough self-confidence to go explain her votes to her constituents. It was, at once, a confidence in herself, but it was also a confidence in those she represented. She was a leader, confident in her own abilities and confident in the abilities of those around her. If there is a single memory of Jackie's time in this building, the U.S. Capitol and, I would say, her time in the Indiana statehouse, it was that she is indeed a leader. Since Jackie's passing, I have had the opportunity to discuss her service, her life with a number of people, and this keeps coming up. She was a real leader. This is what they are talking about. For all of these amazing qualities, I have to say personally that there is something else that I keep coming back to. It is the first thing I come back to when I think of Jackie, and, frankly, it is very personal to me. I am going to miss Jackie's laughter. She had a beautiful, bellowing laugh, uninhibited, so authentic, not contrived. It came from a place where she appreciated humor. She appreciated, at times, the absurdity of life. She always had a joke at hand or funny observation to make, or maybe she had read something recently she wanted to share with me. But we had so many great laughs together, and she could make my side hurt in fairly short order. I am going to miss that. And it is really hard to believe that our paths won't ever cross again. They crossed so frequently, sometimes in this building but, typically, it was in Indiana's Second Congressional District, back home. It was rare, I would say, that I didn't go into that region and encounter her or, at least, follow in her tracks. She was so active, so engaged. I am going to miss those encounters. Just a few weeks ago, I had an opportunity to visit with Jackie in person. We shared some laughs, of course. It was at a dinner in Elkhart County. We were scheduled to be together this coming week to attend a ribbon- cutting ceremony. She was constantly on the road serving, doing her job. It is not too much to say that that was her calling. It is also not too much to say that Jackie's last breath was spent in service, in service to her constituents, to her God, to the great State of Indiana, to her country, to her calling. Jackie loved and she was ever faithful to all of those things to the great benefit of Indiana and America, and for that I am grateful, for that we loved her back, and we will miss her dearly. Let that be her legacy. I yield to my colleague from Indiana.

Mr. YOUNG. I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of S. Res. 748, which is at the desk. I further ask that the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and that the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, today, we are also on the floor to talk about a different tragedy in the State of Indiana. On July 17, there was a terrible shooting that occurred at the Greenwood Park Mall, just miles from my home, which resulted in the death of three innocent victims. Now, it could have easily been one of my neighbors or our friend, or, I remind myself, it could have been a member of my family who passed away there in the food court on that very day. As this resolution that we are introducing today states, the U.S. Senate condemns this shooting and any violent action that seeks to bring harm to other individuals. We grieve the loss of fellow Hoosiers Victor Gomez and Pedro and Rosa Pineda, and we pray for their families. But we are also grateful for the heroes on the scene that day, for the first responders, our healthcare workers, as well as a young man named Eli Dicken. Eli was in the food court that evening. He was legally carrying his own firearm, and when the shooting began, he used his weapon to bring down the shooter. Were it not for his poise during those brief moments, his brave and selfless actions, this shooting would have been far worse. So I ask all my fellow Americans to remember the victims and the heroes of this tragedy, and I urge passage of this resolution.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I come to the floor this evening, first, wanting to take a moment to join Senator Braun in remembering a good friend to each of us, our colleague Congresswoman Jackie Walorski. She tragically passed away in a horrible car accident earlier today. I, for one, am truly devastated. I know that Jackie loved the State of Indiana. She loved the Hoosiers throughout the State. She had an incredible sense of humor, incredibly smart, and was so talented in many ways. And she will be missed. I join countless Hoosiers, and I know that Senator Braun is, in praying for her husband Dean, for her entire family, and for all those who came to love and respect Jackie. I know that so many throughout the State are mourning her passing this evening, and so many will have important things to say about their interaction with her and how fond they were of her. It also should be said that two other Hoosiers passed in this horrible accident, members of her dedicated staff: Emma Thomson and Zach Potts. We pray for all of them.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I rise today to formally express my gratitude for the heroic actions of Nicholas Bostic in Lafayette, IN, on July 11, 2022. Just after midnight on Monday, July 11, Nicholas Bostic ran into a burning home and rescued five children inside. Nicholas was driving and observed a home engulfed in flames. He stopped to make sure the residents had left the building, and he saw a teenager and three younger children stuck inside. Nicholas ran into the building to help the four children exit safely. When he discovered one child was still missing, Nicholas immediately reentered the home to find the missing child. By the time he found her, the fire had spread, making it unsafe to exit through the downstairs door. Nicholas broke the second story window and jumped out, sheltering the girl from the fall by landing on his side. Thanks to Nicholas, the child escaped with only minor injuries, and the other four children were unharmed. In helping shield the children from injury, Nicholas developed first- degree burns and suffered from smoke inhalation. I pray for Nicholas as he recuperates from his injuries and wish him a full and swift recovery. I also want to recognize and thank the first responders who helped put out the fire and treat Nicholas and the children. Despite the danger, Nicholas did not hesitate to run into the burning building--twice--to make sure everyone safely escaped. I share the view of Lafayette Police Department who noted, ``Nicholas Bostic's heroic actions saved lives.'' I join the Lafayette community in commending Nicholas for the selflessness he displayed. Today, I thank Nicholas for his heroism and am proud to call him a fellow Hoosier.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, when it comes to America, I am an optimist--always. You see, I can't help but approach the future with great hope. After all, as Americans, we have never let obstacles stand in our way or accepted that problems can't be solved. Our citizens are the world's most ingenious; our military, its mightiest; our economy, the strongest; and our innovators, the most creative. The last century was defined by our accomplishments and our ideals and I believe this one will be, too. But I have to say, this path is not guaranteed. Now as then, America's success depends on unleashing the potential of our people and outcompeting and out-innovating global rivals who don't share our values or our economic interests. Right now, we are in the middle of a great power competition with an authoritarian regime in Beijing that seeks global primacy and rejects democracy. The Chinese Communist Party is currently investing $1.4 trillion in frontier technologies that will dominate the 21st century-- artificial intelligence, quantum computing, hypersonics, among other key technologies. Its innovators are earning patents and publishing research in AI at greater rates than our own. Its schools are producing four times the STEM graduates as America's. The Chinese Communist Party's computer and science universities are regularly outranking ours. Its military is making advances in cyber warfare and the development of hypersonic weapons, autonomous vehicles, electronic and cyber warfare, and orbital bombardment systems. These are the technologies that will dominate the 21st century, economically and militarily. China's Government is planning on winning the AI race, winning future wars, and winning the future. The truth is, if we are being honest with ourselves, Beijing is well on its way to accomplishing these goals. America is at risk of falling behind economically and technologically to a world power that doesn't value liberty or even human life. So how should we respond? For too long, when it comes to Chinese aggression, America has relied on a strategy of deterrence, taking steps like blocking Huawei from doing business in the U.S., tightening export controls, and improving foreign investment rules. Now, these are important measures, but they are no longer enough. You see, it is time to go on the offensive. And that is exactly what this legislation--which has gone by many names from the Endless Frontier Act to the U.S. Innovation and Competition Act to CHIPS+--will do: unleash private sector innovation while significantly boosting Federal national security investments. Let me highlight a few specifics. First, this bill greatly encourages domestic investment in semiconductor production. Right now, the USA is almost entirely reliant on other nations for high-tech computer chips that power our smartphones, automobiles, household appliances, and military platforms. In fact, the recent shortage of these chips has hobbled our economy; it has hit our pocketbooks. For example, a shortage of computer chips forced General Motors to idle its assembly plant in Fort Wayne, IN, twice already this year. U.S. semiconductor production, once accounting for nearly 40 percent of the world's supply, has dropped to just 12 percent, while China's production share is increasing rapidly. Ninety percent of the chips used in our military technology are made overseas. Let me say that again. Ninety percent of the chips used in our military technology are made overseas. Most are made in South Korea and Taiwan, but an increasing number are produced in China. This is a very real economic and national security vulnerability. And this bill will reassert America's place in this industry and take a giant leap towards ensuring that our supply chain and national defense will never be at the mercy of technology produced overseas. Another important aspect of this bill is critical applied research funding. This legislation reforms and invests in the National Science Foundation to partner with the private sector and universities to develop critical emerging technologies that will transform the global landscape. We know that national success and competitiveness in the 21st century economy will be built on emerging technologies like quantum computing and artificial intelligence. Funding research crucial to keeping America safe is one of the Federal Government's responsibilities, and this legislation will help us not just catch up with but overtake China in these critical areas. And this bill will establish regional technology hubs across our country, which will become centers for the research, development, entrepreneurship, and manufacturing of new key technologies. This is incredibly important at a time when too many Americans in the heartland feel left out and too many areas overlooked, when only a handful of cities account for nearly 90 percent of job growth in these advanced sectors. Simply put, this bill will make America stronger, safer, and more prosperous. And it is desperately needed. How do we know? Because the Chinese Communist Party has actively lobbied against this legislation. They know this bill is bad for China and good for the United States of America. This bill is about securing our country, giving our people the tools to flourish, and ensuring America continues its global research role. It has been a long journey to get to this point, but history will show that by passing this CHIPS+ bill, we are confronting the challenges of today and building a prosperous and secure tomorrow for all Americans. I urge my colleagues to support this legislation. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I rise to formally express my gratitude for the heroic actions of my fellow Hoosier, Eli Dicken, at the Greenwood Park Mall. On Sunday, July 17, 2022, in the midst of unimaginable tragedy, Eli boldly stepped forward into danger to save the lives of others. As a murderer committed a heinous act of violence at the Greenwood Park Mall, Eli, after directing others around him to get to safety, drew his own firearm, and fired upon the attacker, ultimately taking his life and saving the lives of countless innocent bystanders. Within 15 seconds, Eli was able to stop an even greater tragedy. As Chief James Ison of the Greenwood, IN, Police Department noted, Eli's actions ``were nothing short of heroic'' and ``many more people would have died . . . if it was not for his heroism.'' Eli's actions were possible due to this own bravery and because of actions taken by the State of Indiana to ensure that law-abiding citizens are freely able to exercise their constitutional right to keep and bear arms. I mourn the three innocent lives that were taken and pray for the families and communities that this senseless tragedy has affected. I also pray for the continued recovery of those wounded in the attack, who were in part saved by Eli's decisive actions and also by the exceptional response and care of first responders. So today, I add my own voice to those honoring Eli and express my gratitude for his selfless courage.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, what defines an American soldier? Is it courage under fire? Is it physical strength? Is it the great victories on the battlefield? No. I think it is something else. Above all, it is sacrifice. It is the selflessness to surrender one's life so that a set of values will endure not only for the living but for generations to come. It is the faith that the future of this great Nation is more important than the life of any one of its citizens; that the cause of liberty is greater than any individual. Be that as it may, every fallen hero must be remembered. Every individual who makes the ultimate sacrifice must be honored. That is why, in the spring every year, we decorate their graves with flowers and the flag they fought for. Those headstones made of marble or granite are often indistinguishable from a distance. Fittingly, their sacrifice was the same no matter how fabled or forgotten the battle, no matter in victory or defeat; and though we rightly revere our glorious triumphs--the trenches of Yorktown, the hills of Gettysburg, the fields of the Marne, the beaches of Normandy--it is often in America's darkest hours, in the face of great disaster, when we see the virtues of America's warriors most clearly. So it was with SGT Charles Garrigus, a farm boy from the town of Francisco in Southern Indiana. In growing up during the Depression, he developed a passion and skill for motors, of driving trucks and tractors across the Hoosier countryside. It was why he was drawn to the U.S. Army; why, after his discharge at the end of World War II, he reenlisted, serving as a motor pool sergeant in Japan. Sergeant Garrigus was scheduled to return to Indiana on June 26, 1950. One day before that, on the 25th, the Korean war began, and so he again answered the call. After the initial setbacks, with the North Korean People's Army pushing U.S. forces south, by the end of the summer, the North Koreans were in retreat, and Americans were advancing north, up the peninsula. The end of the war was in sight. GEN Douglas MacArthur divided his forces. The Eighth Army went from Seoul to Pyongyang. From there, it would link with Ten Corps. Sergeant Garrigus's force, the 7th Army Division, 32nd Regiment, was assigned to guard the Ten Corps' flank. Once connected, they would march toward the Chinese frontier, reunite Korea, and end the war. The soldiers might be home for Christmas. Then came the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, where 100,000 Chinese soldiers attacked. The Americans, isolated and spread out across the Chosin Reservoir, were surrounded; they were trapped. It was an unmitigated disaster--one of the worst in the history of America's military. The fighting continued for two more nights before Sergeant Garrigus's regiment consolidated with another larger unit, led by COL Allan MacLean. On the morning of the 29th, their 60-vehicle convoy made its way to MacLean's perimeter. The Chinese fire was so heavy, though, that two trucks filled with supplies were left on the opposite of the bridge leading to MacLean's men. When Sergeant Garrigus looked across that bridge and saw Chinese soldiers approaching the vehicles, he dashed, on foot, across the bridge, reached the first van, and drove it back across the ice-covered bridge. Then he got out, ran back across the bridge again, jumped in the second truck, and drove that one across American lines too. Just as he made it over, the engine stalled out, but his fellow soldiers roared. It was a shot of hope in a desperate hour. After 80 hours of attacks, the situation had grown so dire that, on the morning of the 30th, the Americans determined to break out and drive over mountain roads to the safety of the Marine base at Hagaru- ri, at the southern end of the reservoir. They loaded what rations and supplies they had left, along with the wounded, into 35 trucks and jeeps, and prepared to set out across the narrow mountain roads that led to the marines. Before they departed, Chinese forces commandeered the Americans' defensive machinegun posts. Sergeant Garrigus rallied several other soldiers; fought off the Chinese; and retook the weapons, turning them on the enemy, freeing up the column of vehicles to depart. The way was treacherous, along rutted, ice-covered roads. The formation was disorganized, scattered by steady Chinese gunfire. With Sergeant Garrigus at its head, the convoy finally drew near the Marine base at Hagaru-ri. What was once a 35-vehicle convoy was now 15. The trucks and jeeps were full of bullet holes, but the final run was at hand. With mortar blasts exploding along its sides, Sergeant Garrigus guided the convoy forward. Hagaru-ri was 5 miles away, just in reach. Then a tremendous blast of machineguns erupted. The lead vehicle veered off the road and smashed into a ditch. Sergeant Garrigus lay dead behind the wheel. The entire convoy ground to a halt. The surviving soldiers were at the mercy of the Chinese. SGT Charles Garrigus never returned home to Indiana. His name is among the missing--the ones who answered their country's call and never came home. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his service and sacrifice. Though his mission was doomed, his death was not in vain. The fighting at Chosin Reservoir distracted the Chinese Army long enough to allow the Army to successfully withdraw south--the longest withdrawal in American history. He and his brothers in arms fought like hell, through hell. Their chances of victory, of even survival, were remote. But they didn't fight for themselves. They fought for their countrymen, living and generations away, for the ideal of self-government. On Memorial Day, we honor all those who have died in service to America in defense of that ideal. Let us not mistake the stillness of the patriot graves with silence, though. The rows of headstones speak to us of sacrifice for the common good. They remind us of the price at which our freedom was won, of the too often smallness of our divisions, of the many reasons for faith in our fellow Americans no matter how strained our bonds may be, of the blessings we share even if they are obscure, and of our ability to pass through any trial no matter how daunting. When we listen to them, I believe we will lift our heads from today's anxieties and face the future optimistically. As the story of Sergeant Garrigus shows, we Americans have refused to let far greater obstacles deter us or accepted that more difficult problems can't be solved. Months after his death, at the Chosin Reservoir, Sergeant Garrigus's parents received a note of condolence from GEN Douglas MacArthur. In it, he hoped that the loss of their son in the defense of this country offered ``some measure of comfort.'' The letter also spoke of the sergeant's ``devotion to duty at the cost of all he held dear.'' Eloquent words or well-meaning gestures on Memorial Day or any day have small power to comfort those left behind, but we can take more than a measure of comfort and should be eternally grateful that, from our founding until today, there have always been Americans willing to keep us safe and free at the cost of all they hold dear. May God bless them and keep them in His arms. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, every year in schools around our country, students are taught about the Declaration of Independence. This remarkable document outlines the ideals on which the United States was founded and the principles on which our government and our very identity as Americans are based. Perhaps the best known and most quoted line from the Declaration is that line about all being endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. From our earliest days--when such a concept truly was revolutionary-- to the present day, as Americans, we believe in the dignity and value of every human person. This is an ideal that we should always aspire to. And in the spirit of that conviction, I believe that our Nation has a moral responsibility to protect unborn children--to protect life. Through amazing advances in science, families and medical professionals now know that at 15 weeks, a baby can feel pain; a baby can move fully formed fingers and toes; a baby has a fully developed heart, pumping 26 quarts of blood per day. Despite what these advances in modern science tell us, the current abortion policy in the United States is more in line with communist China and North Korea. We are only one of seven countries around the world that allow abortion to take place past the point at which a baby can feel pain in the womb--one of seven countries in the world. Some Americans might be surprised to learn that even in progressive Europe, 47 out of 50 countries have limits on abortion after 15 weeks. Yet the legislation before the U.S. Senate would block States from protecting the unborn and enshrine late-term abortion into our Federal law. Going beyond codifying Roe v. Wade, this sweeping legislation would strike down commonsense, broadly supported laws that many States have adopted since that decision, including laws meant to protect the health and safety of mothers. This bill does nothing to protect the health and safety of women, and it would certainly not protect the unborn. And it would make these sweeping changes contrary to the wishes of the majority of Americans. In fact, recent polling found that 61 percent of Americans say abortion should be either illegal or that the policy decisions associated with abortion should be left up to the States. So I would urge my colleagues to vote against this bill, given our increased knowledge and understanding of how babies develop, given our understanding of the science. This is simply the wrong direction to take public policy. I also want to take a moment and acknowledge that the issue of abortion is a very tough one for so many Americans, and, given recent developments, this is a topic on the minds of many Hoosiers and many Americans. I understand that. I want to reiterate my commitment to helping mothers and families choose life and supporting them in that choice. We must ensure mothers and unborn children are cared for, loved, and supported, and this includes increasing the resources available to help women facing unexpected pregnancies. We must support America's 2,700 pregnancy centers that provide vital services to millions of people each year at virtually no cost as well as provide more support for adoptive services. These steps are vital as we seek to further promote a culture that promotes values and protects life. Now, let's remember and live up to that founding American ideal. We believe in the dignity and value of every human person.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to speak for 1 minute.

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I thank my colleague from New Hampshire. This bill is about maintaining our competitiveness with China. We cannot compete with China without robust domestic R&D. A company investing $100 in R&D in China this year will get a $200 deduction. In America, that company investing $100 would only get to deduct $10 this year. We must not lose out on innovation and production to China. I ask my colleagues to support this motion and support domestic R&D. Every day we wait is another day we fall behind.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, in May of 2013, one of my constituents, Bob Evans from Lawrence County, was placed on the kidney transplant list. His particular kidney ailment was hereditary, meaning family members who might have been a match could not donate. So Bob was left waiting for someone--someone--to step forward. Unbeknownst to Bob, an acquaintance, Ray Lindsey, quietly went to get tested. Now, Ray took several days off work, traveling 3 hours round trip to Indianapolis to see if he would be a match. He was. And only then did Ray tell Bob what he had been up to. In the summer of 2014, Ray donated a kidney, and he saved Bob's life. Yesterday, Ray, one of the most selfless people I have ever met, passed away after a courageous battle with cancer. Ray was a humble and unassuming family man with a sense of humor. On his Facebook page, he called himself a ``part-time hillbilly.'' Ray worked hard and, by the way, didn't get any compensation whatsoever for the weeks he had to take off while recuperating from surgery. Ray's sacrifice has made a lasting impact on public policy. His story impacted and informed my interest in organ donation policy. I introduced the PRISE Act to incentivize new breakthroughs in kidney disease treatment options. In 2018, the Trump administration created a similar program called KidneyX. We know Ray saved one life, but his story and selflessness impacted potentially thousands more. Bob, by the way, is still going strong today, 8 years after the transplant surgery. Ray was a man of deep faith, and I can think of no better tribute to Ray than words found in John, chapter 15: My command is this. Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one's life for one's friends. Ray lived those words, and I and countless others are going to miss him deeply. I offer my condolences to all who loved Ray, including his wife Debbie, three children, and eight grandchildren. Ray's incredible life and impact will never be forgotten. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, at 5:30 p.m. on September 11, 2001, members of Indiana Task Force One left Indianapolis to head to New York City. Task Force One is our State's search and rescue squad, made up of our bravest and most selfless first responders who deploy around the country in times of emergency. In the caravan to Ground Zero that day was Mark Rapp. Mark was a founding member of Task Force One. He was a hero's hero, a rescuer's rescuer. On March 4, 2022, Chief Mark Rapp died after a courageous battle with lung cancer. Mark, who was known by the nickname ``Bum''--that is right, ``Bum Rapp''--served the city of Indianapolis as a firefighter for 37 years. He retired as a battalion chief of training in 2017. In 1993, Mark received the Medal of Bravery for the risky rescue of a small child from a dangerous apartment fire. He is also a recipient of the American Red Cross Heroism Award, the Operations Firefighter of the Year Award, and the Peer Leadership Award for his work as a role model for the force. For 10 years, he led the Indianapolis Fire Department's Clothe-A- Child Program, wherein young people in need shop for clothing alongside a firefighter; and Mark was a deeply involved father. He built a log cabin in the Outdoor Lab at Indian Creek Elementary School. For over 20 years, he worked on the ``chain gang'' at Lawrence North High School football games. His sons, Mark, Jr., and Greg, eventually worked alongside him as firefighters. As a member of Task Force One, Mark was deployed to assist in the aftermath of several natural disasters, including Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. He was also a certified rescue diver. In September 2001, Mark spent 10 days at Ground Zero, leading Indiana Task Force One through the night shift during nonstop search and rescue efforts. It is believed that the lung cancer that ultimately claimed Mark's life could be traced to the toxins he inhaled in 2001. Nearly half of the 65 Task Force One members who were deployed to the World Trade Center in 2001 have reported illnesses related to their work. Mark was the fifth to have died from those illnesses. On behalf of the people of Indianapolis, the Hoosiers, and the American people, we thank Mark Rapp, Sr., for his courage, bravery, and leadership; and our prayers are with Nancy, his wife, his three children, and all of those who love him. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, in an effort to make the internet healthy, happy, and peaceful, the Chinese Government recently clamped down on what it deems as online bad behavior. Beijing knows all about bad behavior. In fact, if behaving badly were an Olympic sport, China would take the gold, silver, and bronze. Speaking of the Olympics, last week the Olympic cauldron was lit in the Chinese capital by a Uighur torchbearer. It was a spectacular opening ceremony, with thousands of participants filling the Bird's Nest. Its choreography was innovative, its artistry unprecedented as China sought to portray itself to the world not as it is but as they want to be seen. There was an LED floor below, brilliant fireworks overhead. Children danced, sang, and raised glowing doves. The theme was socially conscious and environmentally aware. The Chinese flag was passed through the hands of people representing the diversity within China, and it was raised where it billowed proudly, even though there wasn't a breeze. And not a single American Government official was present--not a single government official. You see, we sent our regrets to the Chinese Communist Party, refused to join in the Xi Jinping games. We let a few of the reasons why we didn't appear be submitted candidly to the world. A million Uighurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz are locked away in gulags--raped, tortured with electric batons, sterilized, forced into abortions--all in an effort to eradicate these religious and ethnic minorities not just from Xinjiang but from the face of the Earth. Taiwan's sovereignty is continually threatened with the Chinese flying aircraft, streaking across Taiwan's skies. Hong Kong's democracy is strangled. There and across the CCP's domain, dissidents, whistleblowers, and protesters are apprehended, imprisoned, persecuted, and reeducated-- free speech and expression stifled and censored, religious freedom denied. A virus was recklessly unleashed on the world, upturning our lives, killing our most vulnerable, closing our businesses, damaging our economy, and dividing our people. A nation is hosting a storied athletic competition, but that nation erases its own athletes for telling embarrassing truths about its government. The history, distant and recent, of the communist Chinese Government is one of inhumanity, ruthless violation of the most basic human rights, and aggression toward America and its allies. The Olympic Games in Beijing, spit and polished, even carbon-neutral, may present the face of a humane and caring world power, but we are not fooled. We see through the charade--a slave state hosting the Olympics; its participants wearing uniforms made by Uighurs tortured and toiling in labor camps. We see the authoritarian regime behind what the dissident artist Ai Weiwei calls China's fake smile. And we are leading by example. The CCP has the world stage, but we are not in the audience. Our athletes are in Beijing, though. They are on the ice, in the snow, on the slopes, and in the arena, and they should be. They have worked their entire lives for this moment. They are seizing it, while we root them on. And I want America's Olympians to bring back every single gold medal. But I also want our athletes to know what the Chinese Government might have in store for them. So here are a few hopefully helpful words for our American Olympians. Keep an eye on your bank account. That is right. When you buy a meal or a souvenir in Beijing, you will be forced to pay for it with the CCP's digital yuan. The Chinese Government claims the system creates more efficient payments across its economy, but it is also a way of keeping tabs on your transactions and watching what you buy. Be aware. Think twice about what you buy in Beijing. You see, the International Olympic Committee made no effort to stop the sale of apparel made with forced labor. Not only will China's Olympic team be wearing uniforms likely produced by slave labor, but official Olympic garments could be coming from the same oppressed source. And don't be fooled by uncensoring. The CCP erases any unflattering but accurate portrayals of itself on the internet. With the world watching, it is now promising to lower the great firewall, allowing athletes and the press open access to the internet through SIM cards. China's own citizens are afforded no such privilege. Hopefully, you brought a burner phone and left your personal devices at home. Keep an eye out for your fellow athletes. Now, this is important. Tennis star Peng Shuai disappeared in November after accusing a Chinese official of sexual assault. Her peers and the Women's Tennis Association called for action--an extraordinary showing of solidarity. But after Peng was seen in a video, the world moved on, much to China's delight. We may never know how many Chinese athletes live under fear from their oppressive government. Journalists, by the way, you should be on guard too. You see, there is no freedom of the press in China. Reporters are regularly harassed, censored, and surveilled. In fact, in 2021, China jailed 50 journalists--more than any other nation. During the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing, there were at least 30 cases of CCP officials interfering with reporting and assaulting journalists. And that was when China was truly concerned about making a positive impression across the world. Lastly, and most importantly, to all America's athletes, don't forget this: Your country is behind you. By boycotting the Olympics, our government is shining a light on the CCP's abuse of its citizens and its disregard for the rest of the world, but by competing in the Olympics, our athletes are showing what a free people from an open society are capable of. Now, remember, the Olympics have long been a forum for American victory at the expense of authoritarians' pride. They were an early front in the war against fascism. Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, while Hitler looked on, humiliated, his delusion of Aryan superiority burst. When Owens stood on the podium after winning the long jump, he was surrounded by Sieg Heils, but he stood taller and he stood higher than all of them, saluting Old Glory. But it was Cornelius ``Corny'' Johnson who was the first Black American to earn gold in Berlin, winning the high jump. The silver went to Dave Albritton, another American, who was also Black. Delos Thurbur, yet another American, won the bronze. Hitler refused to meet with them or to congratulate any of them. When they took the podium, all three offered their own protest to the dictator--the Bellamy salute; the palm-out salute of the American flag named for Francis Bellamy, the author of the Pledge of Allegiance. The Olympics were a battleground in the Cold War as well. In 1980, the unheralded and ragtag American hockey team upset the four-time gold medal-winning Soviets. Two days later, they defeated Finland and won the gold. Russia had just invaded Afghanistan. America's economy was in recession. The victory not only shocked the world, it lifted our Nation and sunk the Soviet's spirits. The Russian hockey players didn't even bother to have their silver medals engraved; they were so angry about losing to America. Now, in 2022, another act in a global power competition will take place at the Olympics. We have seen it unfold in recent days. America and the free West against the communist Chinese Government. It is part of the contest that will define this century--show the CCP that the future belongs to the free; that authoritarian governments always fail the people trapped under them. Win. Make Xi Jinping and the Chinese authorities hear the ``Star- Spangled Banner'' and see the Stars and Stripes again and again and again. We are cheering you on and will be waiting for you when you come home decorated in gold. Good luck to Team USA, and God bless America. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, in a letter written in 1789, Thomas Jefferson declared that the ``earth belongs to the living, not the dead.'' Relationships between generations, he explained, are but that of a distant set of independent nations. Mr. President, I don't know how many of my Democratic colleagues still admire Mr. Jefferson, but they are certainly taking his words to heart. There is little concern on one side of this Chamber about the impact of our actions beyond our own time here. There is a belief that the importance of this hour's partisan ambitions outweighs the value of centuries-old institutions. Abandoning the 60-vote threshold in order to seize control of America's elections isn't simply shortsighted, it is clueless. It is the exact opposite of what the people who sent us here want. Back home in Indiana, I hear from anxious Hoosiers because these are anxious times. I know what is on their minds--rising inflation, the cost of putting food on their table and gas in their tanks. I hear from them about paying to heat their homes. Many are struggling to pay next month's rent. They are tired of and still worried about a pandemic that President Biden promised to shut down, and they are angry. Many are angry about a southern border that this President has left wide open. In the middle of all this--an affordability crisis, an ongoing pandemic, a broken border--changing the Senate rules to nationalize Indiana's elections, to repeal popular voter ID laws, to use tax dollars to fund political campaigns are not high among Hoosier priorities or the priorities of the American people. Do you know what is, though? Congress coming together, finding compromise, actually addressing, in a collective way, our shared national challenges. It is one of the most widely ignored messages of the last election. Every one of my colleagues should take note. If America wanted a radical, extreme, partisan set of changes put forward, they wouldn't have evenly divided the U.S. Senate. Believe it or not, they want us to collaborate, and we have shown them we are capable of doing that. Let me remind my colleagues, we formed a united front against China when it comes to competitiveness and trade policy. We helped American workers and small businesses hurt by the pandemic. We gave our troops a pay raise. Now, these and so many other achievements are really important. They are achievements that will benefit Americans now and in the years to come. We need to do more working together. Now, look, I have been around here long enough. I understand that my Democratic colleagues are frustrated. I say to my colleagues, you have had less success with your reckless multitrillion-dollar social spending bill than you would like. I understand that. Your proposal to federalize and politicize American elections has been a tough sell. I understand that. As a result, America's democracy, we are told, is in peril, and the only way to save it is to kill the 60-vote threshold. But the 60-vote threshold is not the source of our Nation's dysfunction. I say to my colleagues, your Democratic radical agenda is driving much of the angst, the anxiety, and the frustration among the American people. The so-called legislative filibuster is not a threat to our democracy; ending it is. My advice is to rethink your priorities. If you want to end gridlock, do the difficult work of actually building coalitions of support: introduce bills to be referred to the committees of jurisdiction that Republicans can actually vote for, allow for an open amendment process as we did with the China bill. Now, this is the entire point of the 60-vote threshold. It is a forcing mechanism, during fraught times like these, that gives the minority a say in the process. It forces majorities to find ways to compromise. It incentivizes bipartisan collaboration among Senators representing diverse parts of our Nation with differing values, differing priorities. Americans want us to go through this hard work of finding common ground, of reconciling our differences. That is our job. And, yes, it is an obstacle to simple majority rule. It is an obstacle to one party--either party--razing our institutions by the slimmest of margins. But need I remind my colleagues, this is not a direct democracy, this is a republican--small ``r''--form of government. Frustrating as it may be, the filibuster, in its way, is a source of and sometimes the source of order and even unity in Congress. Now, if you think our current political division is troubling, colleagues, torch the filibuster, foist your unpopular partisan priorities on all Americans, and then check the health of our democracy. Pour gasoline on this raging fire. Don't be shocked by its sorry state after you do so. I will close with a familiar caveat. Majorities, no matter their size, never endure. Looked at in the light of human history, all of us, even the most long-tenured, are here for a little more than a hiccup in time. Yes, what one party sows today, the other will of course reap tomorrow. Clearing the path for every grandly ambitious Democratic priority aimed at reshaping our country would only clear the way for a future Republican effort to repeal and replace it with one of our own, with even greater scale. Beyond this, though, as much as I admire Thomas Jefferson, I do not believe that the Earth belongs only to the living. No. Citizens place both their trust and their destiny in a set of shared institutions. In America, this forms a compact that stretches across centuries and generations. It includes those in the grave and those yet unborn. And for the moment, we--Republicans, Democrats, Independents--we are its custodians. If we give in to temporary passions, if we tear our institutions to shreds rather than work through them to serve the people, rewriting the rules when we don't win the game, we are failing in our jobs. We are breaking that compact. So, as I said in my first speech on this floor, standing right over there--and I will repeat it until my last speech--we are, above all else, the custodians of the common good--the common good. Remember that, colleagues, before you take a hammer to one of the Senate's signature means of advancing it. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, in case anyone was wondering, there are 16 days left before Christmas--16 shopping days. Now, I know I still have some shopping to do, and I look forward to that, but it seems as though some of my colleagues have a jump on me. Seems as though President Biden has a jump on me, and that is good thinking because this year you can't start too early, with the supply chain as bad as it is and the price of presents rising. So why don't we gather around the Christmas tree to see what gifts national Democrats are prepared to pass out on Christmas morning, thanks to their reckless tax-and-spending spree. To the leftwing labor unions, what do they offer? Democrats are gifting billions of dollars in handouts to strengthen this core constituency of theirs. While they are letting charitable deductions expire in Build Back Better, they have gift wrapped an above-the-line tax deduction for union dues. Let's see what we have here. Well, that is a car. That is a car. And this is the labor union present. Hmm. As a special Christmas surprise, it seems that the Democrats have put under the tree a shiny new tax credit for electric vehicles but only if those vehicles are made in a union shop--only a union shop. You see, if you are naughty, and you buy an electric vehicle from a nonunion shop, like those that are made in my State of Indiana, you will miss out on the Democrats' $4,500 holiday giveaway in this bill. Apparently, during the Christmas season, the impact of electric vehicles on climate change only matters if the workers' contracts are collectively bargained. Which brings us to another gift we have, and that is China. China has a gift under the tree. Why don't we just open this China gift. Well, that is a lot of money. The tax hikes on businesses large and small in this bill will give China an unfair competitive advantage. Increasing taxes on American employers by more than $800 billion, when they are already struggling with supply chain issues and worker shortages--this is going to do very little to bring jobs back home, jobs of the future here in the United States of America, which is exactly why the Chinese Communist Party and all of its leaders will love this very expensive gift. And the largest gift under the Washington Democrats' tree goes to--is that--could that be? It says ``the rich.'' I am going to see what is in there. Well, this must mean--it says SALT. By dramatically increasing the cap on the State and local tax deduction, or what is known around here as SALT for short, the once-proud party of the working class is giving a tax cut to two-thirds of people earning more than $1 million a year. Now, the average size of that tax cut is almost $17,000 a year for millionaires. This is the new Democratic Party. Merry Christmas. This is the single most expensive tax expenditure in the Build Back Better Act, and it is the second biggest component of the entire bill. So, evidently, the national Democrats believe it is better to give than to receive from millionaires so they proposed a tax cut for the wealthiest Americans from the wealthiest cities in the wealthiest States, gift wrapped from the Democratic Party. So after the handouts and giveaways and entitlements and earmarks, what is left for regular, middle-class working stiffs? Well, we know that really big gifts come in smaller packages. So I see this stocking here that says ``taxpayers'' on it. Let me see what is in here. Oh, my word. That looks like coal--a lump of coal. That lump of coal must represent the massive $367 billion that will be added to the debt by the Democrats' reckless tax-and-spending bill, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, not to mention the 10 years of tax increases included in the bill to pay for only a few years of policy changes. Of course, we all know that figure is going to be much higher in reality. If all the temporary provisions in this bill are made permanent, it will increase our budget deficit by nearly $3 trillion in this decade. It seems the Democrats want our children and grandchildren to pay for this bundle of goodies through the layaway plan. GDP is expected to fall because of Build Back Better. The cost of living is expected to rise even more because of Build Back Better. And despite the promises of President Biden and my Senate Democratic colleagues, despite their votes right here on this floor, if Build Back Better were to become law, taxes would be raised on lower and middle- class Americans who are just trying to get by this Christmas season. Ho, Ho, Ho. Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, this Christmas season Democrats are not offering holiday jobs or good cheer. Instead, this feels more like the nightmare before Christmas. Colleagues, the best present that all of us can give the American people is to do whatever is in our power to stop the Build Back Better Act.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I rise today in tribute to Rev. Melvin Girton, the dean of pastors, a servant of God, and a great Hoosier. His death on October 29 has left a terrible absence, one that cannot be filled. For over half a century, from 1964 to 2015, Dr. Girton was pastor at the Christ Missionary Baptist Church--the same Indianapolis church home where he was baptized as a young boy. The number of years Dr. Girton shepherded his flock is astonishing. The number of lives he touched and bettered among and beyond is incalculable. He made his church a family. He walked with his congregants through their lives, their challenges, and in difficult times, he reminded them to look up because brighter days were ahead. When one of his congregants needed surgery, she arrived at the hospital to find Dr. Girton waiting there to reassure her everything would be all right. And it was. He was a member of their families. He blessed their marriages, welcomed their children, and even taught them to buy cars and homes. And he prepared and opened the doors for countless other pastors to follow him. Dr. Girton was also a great lover of history, which is fitting since he made a great deal of it himself. During the civil rights struggle, he led from the pulpit, on the picket lines, during the marches to the Governor's mansion, and he worked with Hoosiers from all walks of life. His work made great strides for equality and pushed Americans to realize our founding promise. There was a time when Indianapolis's restaurants and theaters were segregated, its neighborhoods closed to Black citizens. If rising generations of Hoosiers have no memory of this shame, it is because men like Dr. Girton ended it. He fought to open up the city's businesses, to make access to housing equal. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Girton sat all night with Robert F. Kennedy in his Indianapolis hotel room after the Senator told a heartbroken crowd of Martin Luther King, Jr's, murder. The next day, he organized a memorial to Dr. King at the Soldiers and Sailors Monument at the city's center. Indianapolis is one of the few metropolitan areas in America that did not erupt in violence after Dr. King's death. Senator Kennedy's beautiful and conciliatory speech is often credited for this, but the work of Dr. Girton and other city leaders played just as important a part. Long after the civil rights movement, he preached kindness and love and labored to advance opportunity. He served as vice president for the Indianapolis branch of the NAACP. He was twice the vice president of the Billy Graham Crusade and regularly hosted the Emancipation Proclamation service, an annual celebration of that document of freedom. Always searching for ways to help his neighbors, in the late 1990s, Dr. Girton transformed a boarded-up Indianapolis strip mall into a community center, providing job training, employment opportunities, a laundromat, a senior center, and even an ice cream shop. When he reached the half-century mark at Christ Missionary, he called it a ``short 50 years.'' No wonder--five incredible decades in a life of great purpose. He wasn't entirely comfortable with the term ``legend,'' but that is what he was. His passing deprives not just his community but his country of a pillar. Despite the grief, it is hard not to be encouraged by such a wonderful life full of years of lasting achievements, courageous stands, admiring friends, and many loving children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Dr. Girton would often say: ``God is with me, God is in me, God works through me.'' He was and he did. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, today I wish to thank Andrew Klein for his remarkable tenure as dean of the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. Of the 21 years Mr. Klein has served the law school, he spent seven serving as its dean. Under Mr. Klein's leadership, IU McKinney acquired national recognition as one of the best value law schools. Additionally, the school's legal writing and health law programs have often been ranked among the top in the country by U.S. News & World Report. Over the course of his years as dean of IU McKinney, Mr. Klein frequently called the position the greatest honor of his professional life. Those who worked with Mr. Klein in this capacity admired him for his people-focused and institutionally minded leadership style. Back home in Indiana, Mr. Klein's service to the legal profession has not gone unrecognized. In 2019, he was presented with the Indianapolis Bar Association President's Award for service to the legal profession and the Indiana University Bicentennial Medal for service in support of the university's mission. Upon announcing his retirement as dean, Mr. Klein made clear that his work at IU McKinney is not yet finished. In addition to his strong leadership capabilities, Mr. Klein has a natural ability to teach and will continue to serve as a professor at the School of Law. His outstanding efforts as an instructor have earned him several prestigious awards, including the Indiana University Trustees Teaching Award. Mr. Klein's commendable service to the Indianapolis community extends beyond his role at IU McKinney. He serves on the board of directors for the Indianapolis Legal Aid Society, an organization committed to providing legal advice to vulnerable populations. Additionally, Mr. Klein serves on the board of directors for Play Ball Indiana, an organization that fosters opportunities for inner-city youth to play baseball and grow as individuals. Mr. Klein's retirement as dean of IU McKinney marks the end of a laudable chapter for the school, and I look forward to seeing him continue to impact lives there while serving as a professor. I congratulate him on all his tremendous achievements throughout his career and look forward to his further contributions to the greater Indianapolis community and the State of Indiana as a whole.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, Hoosiers have heard me talk about the size of the Democrats' reckless tax-and-spend bill--$3.5 trillion, and possibly growing in the House of Representatives. They have heard me talk about how this reckless proposal will raise tax on the American people. When I am talking about this legislation back home, I don't have to go much past the $3.5-trillion figure. People are against it. All told, Democrats have proposed $7 trillion in spending this year alone--$7 trillion. Let me try to put that in perspective. Seven trillion dollars is roughly the mathematical equivalent of putting $1 million of credit card debt on every man, woman, and child in the State of Indiana. Now, Hoosiers know this is something we simply cannot afford. Beyond the massive multitrillion-dollar pricetag, we should examine exactly what the Democrats are proposing, because this bill isn't just a number on one side of a ledger sheet. This spending package--the largest in American history--represents a massive leftward shift in the way our country operates. And Hoosiers and, I think, all Americans need to know what is in it. Well, thankfully, I sit on the Senate Finance Committee, and in the Senate Finance Committee we are charged with overseeing matters related to taxation and entitlement programs. So if anyone has insight into the particulars of this legislation, it would be a member of the Senate Committee on Finance. If any legislation this large and this consequential were to pass, it would surely go through the Senate Finance Committee. But the full Finance Committee hasn't held a policy hearing in months. Tomorrow, we will hold our first full committee hearing since July. That hearing will be on a topic only remotely connected to the Democrats' reckless tax-and-spend proposal. And to my knowledge, no Senate committee has held any hearing whatsoever on this bill at all. You see, this reckless tax-and-spend bill has all been done, largely, in secret, behind closed doors. I read about it in the newspapers. I will hear rumors about it from my colleagues. So it is worth asking: What is the other side trying to hide? What have Democrats put in this mother of all bills? Well, let's start with what the Wall Street Journal recently called ``Entitlements for the Affluent.'' This is the Wall Street Journal's way of saying ``handouts for the rich,'' which is accurate because so few of the new and expanding government giveaways in this bill are targeted in ways that I might support to actually help Americans of modest needs. Now, for reference, the U.S. median income for a family of four in this country is about $90,000. But, under this bill, a family can make $400,000 a year and get an $8,000 child tax credit from Washington. How about ObamaCare subsidies? The original eligibility limit for ObamaCare subsidies is 400 percent of the Federal poverty level--or about $106,000 for a household of four. Their bill completely removes the eligibility limit. This means much wealthier Americans would be eligible for taxpayer-subsidized health insurance. If Speaker Nancy Pelosi gets her way, wealthy elites on the coast will get a massive tax write-off for their mansions in high tax cities, like San Francisco; or high tax States, like New York. Now, what else is in the bill? How about $80 billion more for the IRS? Yes, Democrats want to add a mandate that banks turn over to the IRS personal, confidential bank information from rank and file Americans. You see, if you make or spend more than $600 in a year, they want your private information. They want to know what you are spending money on, how you earned your money. I have called on Leader Schumer to abandon this unprecedented proposal. If you thought the IRS was a political weapon before, you ain't seen nothing yet. What else is in this bill? How about $3 billion for tree equity--tree equity--whatever that means. You can't make this stuff up. Some of the provisions that are supposed to be about climate change are really handouts to Democratic constituencies. The spending bill raises the electric vehicle tax credit by up to $5,000, among other expansions, with the pricetag of $42 billion. Did you know you only get part of this credit, this electric vehicle tax credit of up to $5,000, if your electric vehicle comes from a unionized plant? I represent a lot of quality union members, great Americans. They are patriots. But under this proposal, plants like the Toyota or Honda or Subaru factories in my State of Indiana are told to take a hike because they are located in largely red States with nonunion employees--by choice. I haven't even talked about the tax increases supported by the other side that will raise taxes on lower and middle-income households. Some of these households make under $30,000 a year. This is a clear violation of President Biden's tax pledge--a pledge that 49 out of 50 of my Democratic colleagues formally voted to uphold just 2 months ago when we considered the budget. Ladies and gentlemen, this reckless tax-and-spending spree is full of giveaways to the wealthy and handouts to Democratic constituencies. I stand for the working men and women of this country. The Republican Party stands for the working men and women of this country. We will stand united against these giveaways to the rich. It is offensive. It is too much money, and it must be stopped. I yield the floor.

Mr. YOUNG

Mr. YOUNG. Madam President, I rise today in honor of one of the most beloved women in Indiana. An attorney, a First Lady, a wife, and a mother, Susan Bayh will always be remembered throughout Indiana for her grace and strength. Susan Breshears was born in Los Angeles, CA, in 1959. She received a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley and a juris doctorate from the University of Southern California. In 1978, she was named Miss Southern California. While working on Capitol Hill in the early 1980s, she met Evan Bayh. The two married in 1985. She became Indiana's First Lady in 1989, when Evan was elected Governor. In 1995, she gave birth to twins Birch Evans Bayh IV and Nicholas Bayh, becoming the first First Lady to have children while in office. Susan was a talented attorney. She made a name for herself at some of the country's top law firms before joining Eli Lilly and Company to manage regulatory affairs. Later, she taught at Butler University and Indiana University. She passed away in February 2021 after a battle with brain cancer. In Indiana, the Bayh name is famous, but as President Biden said, ``Susan stood out as a single treasure.'' As Susan's loved ones and friends gather to remember her life at Washington National Cathedral this week, Hoosiers are grateful for the life she lived, the family she raised, and the legacy she has left behind.